{"id":112882,"date":"2020-11-16T13:59:41","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T10:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration\/"},"modified":"2020-11-16T13:59:41","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T10:59:41","slug":"goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"#Goodbye Space Force? What Joe Biden\u2019s presidency means for space exploration"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3df951e504a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3df951e504a\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration\/#A_fresh_start_for_NASA\" >A fresh start for NASA?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Goodbye Space Force? What Joe Biden\u2019s presidency means for space exploration<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>\n                            Donald Trump set bold goals for space exploration during his time in office \u2013 from crewed <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/artemis-accords-why-many-countries-are-refusing-to-sign-moon-exploration-agreement-148134\">missions to the Moon<\/a> and Mars to a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/donald-trumps-space-force-isnt-as-new-or-as-dangerous-as-it-seems-101401\">Space Force<\/a>. By contrast, his successor Joe Biden has been <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/joebiden.com\/joes-vision\/\">relatively quiet on space policy<\/a>. So how is space exploration likely to change going forward?<\/p>\n<p>It is clear is that there will be change. NASA\u2019s current chief, Jim Bridenstine, has already <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2020\/11\/10\/tech\/nasa-administrator-biden-jim-bridenstine-scn\/index.html\">announced he is stepping down<\/a>. And we know that US human spaceflight policy <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us-wants-a-crewed-mission-to-the-moon-in-five-years-but-can-and-should-that-be-done-114951\">rarely survives a change<\/a> in the presidency.<\/p>\n<p>That said, the amazing success of the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/spacex-crew-dragon-demo-2-home-port-arrival.html\">crewed SpaceX launch<\/a> to the International Space Station (ISS), however, means the commercial crew program is likely to keep running \u2013 taking the burden off NASA. Indeed, the first operational flight of the Crew Dragon by commercial company SpaceX is <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-crew-1-mission-update-target-new-launch-date\">due for launch<\/a> on November 14, with four astronauts bound for the ISS.<\/p>\n<p>During the Trump administration, NASA also committed to the return of astronauts to the Moon in 2024 under the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/artemis\/\">Artemis program<\/a>. This is due for its first test launch (uncrewed) next year with <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/artemis-1\/\">Artemis-1<\/a>. This builds on the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/ames\/research\/exploringtheuniverse\/constellation.html\">Constellation program<\/a> which was implemented by Republican president George W Bush in 2005 but was subsequently canceled by Democratic president Barack Obama due to its high cost and difficulty.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Artist's concept of Artemis-1.\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=360&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=360&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=360&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=452&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=452&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368834\/original\/file-20201111-21-p3osk2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=452&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2020\/11\/16\/goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fsyndication%2F2020%2F11%2F16%2Fgoodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Artist\u2019s concept of Artemis-1. NASA\" data-title=\"Share Artist\u2019s concept of Artemis-1. NASA on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Artist\u2019s concept of Artemis-1. NASA on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>Artist\u2019s concept of Artemis-1. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2019\/07\/waiting-artemis-1-schedule-decision-sls-green-run\/\">NASA<\/a><span class=\"attribution\"\/><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The only substantial clue as to the direction of a Biden presidency with regard to astronaut flights to the Moon can be found in a document by the Democratic Party entitled \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/democrats.org\/where-we-stand\/party-platform\/building-a-stronger-fairer-economy\/\">Building a Stronger, Fairer Economy<\/a>.\u201d In one paragraph, the Democrats state that they \u201csupport NASA\u2019s work to return Americans to the Moon and go beyond to Mars, taking the next step in exploring our solar system.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No detail is offered on possible timelines. But, with <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-international-partners-advance-cooperation-with-first-signings-of-artemis-accords\">international cooperation<\/a> now a major feature of the Artemis program, it would be difficult for a fledgling Biden administration to unilaterally withdraw from the project. For example, Canada, the European Space Agency , and Japan are all formal partners in the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/thumbnails\/image\/gateway_configuration_concept_5march2019_final.jpg\">construction of the Lunar Gateway<\/a> \u2013 a lunar orbiting outpost designed to support multiple expeditions to the surface.<\/p>\n<p>The program is also <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-to-build-a-moon-base-120259\">rapidly advancing research<\/a>, particularly in terms of building materials, power supplies, and food production. Just this week, the European Space Agency <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2020\/nov\/09\/uk-firm-to-turn-moon-rock-into-oxygen-and-building-materials\">awarded a contract<\/a> to the British company <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/metalysis.com\/\">Metalysis<\/a> to develop techniques to simultaneously extract oxygen and metals from lunar soil.<\/p>\n<p>The Trump administration also pushed for a first <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us-wants-a-crewed-mission-to-the-moon-in-five-years-but-can-and-should-that-be-done-114951\">crewed mission to Mars<\/a> in the 2030s \u2013 a much more difficult task due to the distances involved. The long journey would put astronauts at risk of high radiation exposure and psychological difficulties. Other huge challenges include weight restrictions and communication times.<\/p>\n<p>An independent report by the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ida.org\/en\/ida-ffrdcs\/science-and-technology-policy-institute\">Science and Technology Policy Institute<\/a> in 2019 stated that a crewed Mars mission in the 2030s is <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/independent-report-concludes-2033-human-mars-mission-is-not-feasible\/\">currently unfeasible<\/a>. It is unlikely Biden will try to resurrect this any time soon.<\/p>\n<p>One of the more questionable implementations by the Trump administration was the formation of Space Force \u2013 a branch of the armed forces in space. The move highlights that the US views space as a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/space-may-soon-become-a-war-zone-heres-how-that-would-work-125460\">potential war zone<\/a> rather than a domain of purely scientific venture. But US citizens aren\u2019t too impressed with the Space Force, mocking the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national-security\/2020\/01\/25\/space-force-logo\/\">logo<\/a> and the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-us-canada-51160547\">uniforms<\/a>. Indeed, the program has <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/westeastspace\/nasa-space-exploration-and-american-public-opinion-139cbc1c6cce\">a public approval rating of only 31%<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>So will it be scr<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ed? The disbanding of a branch of the armed forces has not been performed in the US before and there are doubtlessly many difficulties of reintegrating this back into the US Air Force. It is therefore likely to stay, possibly with reduced focus.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_fresh_start_for_NASA\"><\/span>A fresh start for NASA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Can we expect anything new? Biden has already pledged to sign executive orders that will undo most of the Trump administration\u2019s work \u2013 in the same way that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/science.thewire.in\/environment\/climate-action-trump-undid-obamas-work-now-biden-plans-to-undo-trumps\/\">Trump undid most of Obama\u2019s work<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The biggest indication of change is Bridenstine stepping down. When he was appointed in 2018, it was something of a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/4\/18\/17253560\/nasa-administrator-jim-bridenstine-confirmation\">surprise to the scientific community<\/a> \u2013 he had no scientific qualifications and had previously indicated that he had doubts about climate change (which he changed his mind about when accepting the role). Yet he has proved to be <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jonathanocallaghan\/2020\/10\/30\/the-one-thing-trump-got-right-is-nasa-chief-jim-bridenstine-should-he-stay-if-biden-wins\/?sh=777257c122ba\">an able leader<\/a> of NASA.<\/p>\n<p>On stepping down, he said he wanted to let somebody with a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/nasa-chief-bridenstine-step-aside-president-biden?utm_source=notification\">\u201cclose relationship with the president\u201d<\/a> take over. Who this might be is still a question, and will depend largely on the new president himself. Most heads of NASA have at least a degree in engineering or physics and, in the past, have headed a space center. This makes <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/marshall\/jody-singer-bio.html\">Jody Singer<\/a> (the director of Marshall Space Flight Center), <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/johnson\/about\/people\/orgs\/bios\/geyer.html\">Mark Geyer<\/a> (the director of Johnson Space Center), or <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/goddard\/2020\/center-director-dennis-andrucyk\">Dennis Andrucyk<\/a> (the director of Goddard Space Flight Center) potential candidates, as well as the current deputy administrator <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/about\/highlights\/morhard_bio.html\">James Morhard<\/a>. The field is thought to be largely open, though.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Image of Joe Biden.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368835\/original\/file-20201111-13-1suntlr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2020\/11\/16\/goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fsyndication%2F2020%2F11%2F16%2Fgoodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Biden wants to tackle climate change. Gage Skidmore\/Flickr, CC BY-SA\" data-title=\"Share Biden wants to tackle climate change. Gage Skidmore\/Flickr, CC BY-SA on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Biden wants to tackle climate change. Gage Skidmore\/Flickr, CC BY-SA on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>Biden wants to tackle climate change. Gage Skidmore\/Flickr, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><span class=\"attribution\"\/><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Biden has made it clear that tackling the climate emergency is a priority. While this is likely to be focused on industrial pollution limits and renewable energy sources, it does suggest that space policy could be more focused on Earth observation missions, such as the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/goes\">GOES<\/a> (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) program.<\/p>\n<p>Potentially we could be looking at more satellites of this type; monitoring oil spills, deforestation, and carbon emissions. All of these possibilities are of course overshadowed by the financial crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. And, given that a sustained source of money to support long-term projects such as the Artemis program is vital to their success, it is probably a case of believing it when we see it.<\/p>\n<p>Whatever the changes will be, it seems likely that there may be less funding for space missions. But, despite that, many scientists will be <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-03158-8\">breathing a sigh of relief<\/a> at the prospect of not having to fight the kind of anti-<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a> tweets <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/10\/trump-has-shown-little-respect-us-science-so-why-are-some-parts-thriving\">that we have seen from Trump<\/a> during his time in office on topics ranging from Covid-19 and vaccinations to climate change.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/149797\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" data-lazy=\"true\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/ian-whittaker-425597\">Ian Whittaker<\/a>, Senior Lecturer in Physics, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/nottingham-trent-university-1338\">Nottingham Trent University<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/gareth-dorrian-206088\">Gareth Dorrian<\/a>, Post Doctoral Research Fellow in Space Science, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-birmingham-1138\">University of Birmingham<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/from-space-force-to-artemis-what-joe-biden-presidency-may-mean-in-orbit-and-beyond-149797\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2020\/11\/16\/goodbye-space-force-what-joe-bidens-presidency-means-for-space-exploration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Goodbye Space Force? What Joe Biden\u2019s presidency means for space exploration&#8221; Donald Trump set bold goals for space exploration during his time in office \u2013 from crewed missions to the Moon and Mars to a Space Force. By contrast, his successor Joe Biden has been relatively quiet on space policy. So how is space exploration&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":112883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/11\/1-16.jpg&signature=c25461ef56fffdab9de21c6e29ddf06b","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[4941,71302,991,5026,67821],"class_list":["post-112882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-donald-trump","tag-international-space-station","tag-joe-biden","tag-nasa","tag-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}