{"id":127042,"date":"2020-12-05T19:00:10","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T16:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/whos-responsible-if-a-self-driving-car-has-an-accident\/"},"modified":"2020-12-05T19:00:10","modified_gmt":"2020-12-05T16:00:10","slug":"whos-responsible-if-a-self-driving-car-has-an-accident","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/whos-responsible-if-a-self-driving-car-has-an-accident\/","title":{"rendered":"#Who\u2019s responsible if a self-driving car has an accident?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a38466ba7e5b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a38466ba7e5b\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/whos-responsible-if-a-self-driving-car-has-an-accident\/#Trust_and_accountability\" >Trust and accountability<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Who\u2019s responsible if a self-driving car has an accident?<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>\n                                With self-driving cars <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/business\/driverless-cars-pittis-1.5739153\">gaining traction in today\u2019s automobile landscape<\/a>, the issue of legal liability in the case of an accident has become more relevant.<\/p>\n<p>Research in human-vehicle interaction has shown <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2018.1561792\">time and again<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720819836310\">that even systems<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-58465-8_7\">designed to automate driving<\/a> \u2014 like adaptive cruise control, which maintains the vehicle at a certain speed and distance from the car ahead \u2014 are far from being error-proof.<\/p>\n<p>Recent evidence points to drivers\u2019 limited understanding of what these systems can and cannot do (<a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-017-0202-6\">also known as mental models<\/a>) as a contributing factor to system misuse.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Webinar: The Dangers of ADAS\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ey-D24dhT8I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">In the video above, a webinar on the dangers of advanced driver-assisted systems.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>There are many issues troubling the world of self-driving cars including <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720819872034\">the less-than-perfect technology<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.aaa.com\/tag\/autonomous-vehicles\/\">lukewarm public acceptance of autonomous systems<\/a>. There is also the question of legal liabilities. In particular, what are the legal responsibilities of the human driver and the carmaker that built the self-driving car?<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trust_and_accountability\"><\/span>Trust and accountability<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In a recent study published in <em>Humanities and <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a> Communications<\/em>, the authors tackle <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-020-00644-2\">the issue of over-trusting drivers and the resulting system misuse from a legal viewpoint<\/a>. They look at what the manufacturers of self-driving cars should legally do to ensure that drivers understand how to use the vehicles <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ropriately.<\/p>\n<p>One solution suggested in the study involves requiring buyers to sign end-user license agreements (EULAs), similar to the terms and conditions that require agreement when using new computer or software products. To obtain consent, manufacturers might employ the omnipresent touchscreen, which comes installed in most new vehicles.<\/p>\n<p>The issue is that this is far from being ideal, or even safe. And the interface may not provide enough information to the driver, leading to confusion about the nature of the requests for agreement and their implications.<\/p>\n<p>The problem is, most end users don\u2019t read EULAs: a 2017 Deloitte study <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/deloitte-study-91-percent-agree-terms-of-service-without-reading-2017-11\">shows that 91% of people agree to them without reading<\/a>. The percentage is even higher in young people, with 97% agreeing without reviewing the terms.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike using a smartphone app, operating a car has intrinsic and sizeable safety risks, whether the driver is human or software. Human drivers need to consent to take responsibility for the outcomes of the software and hardware.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWarning fatigue\u201d and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2018.1561792\">distracted driving<\/a>\u00a0also cause for concern. For example, a driver, annoyed after receiving continuous warnings, could decide to just ignore the message. Or, if the message is presented while the vehicle is in motion, it could represent a distraction.<\/p>\n<p>Given these limitations and concerns, even if this mode of obtaining consent is to move forward, it likely won\u2019t fully shield automakers from their legal liability should the system malfunction or an accident occur.<\/p>\n<p>Driver training for self-driving vehicles can help ensure that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2018.1561792\">drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations<\/a>. This needs to occur beyond the vehicle purchase \u2014 recent evidence shows that even relying on <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trip.2020.100103\">the information provided by the dealership is not going to answer any questions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>All of this considered, the road forward for self-driving cars is not going to be a smooth ride after all.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/150941\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" data-lazy=\"true\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/francesco-biondi-695095\">Francesco Biondi<\/a>, Assistant Professor, Human Kinetics, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-windsor-3044\">University of Windsor<\/a>\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/whos-to-blame-when-a-self-driving-car-has-an-accident-150941\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polestar.com\/nl\/polestar-and-shift?utm_medium=pp&amp;utm_source=dp&amp;utm_campaign=pcid_3450_41261_85609_351306_p_nl_1local_pp_dp&amp;utm_content=ad\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1308892 aligncenter lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos.png\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos.png 3003w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos-280x127.png 280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos-540x245.png 540w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos-270x123.png 270w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos-796x361.png 796w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/07\/Polestar_wordmark_pos-1592x723.png 1592w\"\/><\/figure>\n<p><\/a><br \/><i><span>SHIFT is brought to you by Polestar. It\u2019s time to accelerate the shift to sustainable mobility. That is why Polestar combines electric driving with cutting-edge design and thrilling performance.<\/span><\/i> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polestar.com\/nl\/polestar-and-shift?utm_medium=pp&amp;utm_source=dp&amp;utm_campaign=pcid_3450_41261_85609_351306_p_nl_1local_pp_dp&amp;utm_content=ad\"><i><span>Find out how<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-post-pubDate\">\n                                    Published December 5, 2020 \u2014 16:00 UTC\n                                <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script data-src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js#xfbml=1&amp;appId=378011798897423&amp;version=v2.6\" id=\"socialSrcFacebook\" type=\"text\/template\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/shift\/2020\/12\/05\/whos-to-blame-when-a-self-driving-car-has-an-accident-syndication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Who\u2019s responsible if a self-driving car has an accident?&#8221; With self-driving cars gaining traction in today\u2019s automobile landscape, the issue of legal liability in the case of an accident has become more relevant. Research in human-vehicle interaction has shown time and again that even systems designed to automate driving \u2014 like adaptive cruise control, which&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":127043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/shift?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/12\/1-copy-8.jpg&signature=259d7cefd5fb599f63b0f198d952544e","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127042\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}