{"id":133143,"date":"2020-12-14T20:23:35","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T17:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/scientists-focus-on-bats-for-clues-to-prevent-next-pandemic-2\/"},"modified":"2020-12-14T20:23:35","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T17:23:35","slug":"scientists-focus-on-bats-for-clues-to-prevent-next-pandemic-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/scientists-focus-on-bats-for-clues-to-prevent-next-pandemic-2\/","title":{"rendered":"#Scientists focus on bats for clues to prevent next pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#Scientists focus on bats for clues to prevent next pandemic<\/strong>”
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RIO DE JANEIRO \u2014 Night began to fall in Rio de Janeiro\u2019s Pedra Branca state park as four Brazilian scientists switched on their flashlights to traipse along a narrow trail of mud through dense rainforest. The researchers were on a mission: capture bats and help prevent the next global pandemic.<\/p>\n

A few meters ahead, nearly invisible in the darkness, a bat made high-pitched squeaks as it strained its wings against the thin nylon net that had ensnared it. One of the researchers removed the bat, which used its pointed teeth to bite her gloved fingers.<\/p>\n

The November nighttime outing was part of a project at Brazil\u2019s state-run Fiocruz Institute to collect and study viruses present in wild animals \u2014 including bats, which many scientists believe were linked to the outbreak of COVID-19.<\/p>\n

The goal now is to identify other viruses that may be highly contagious and lethal in humans, and to use that information to devise plans to stop them from ever infecting people \u2014 to forestall the next potential global disease outbreak before it gets started.<\/p>\n

In a highly connected world, an outbreak in one place endangers the entire globe, just as the coronavirus did. And the Brazilian team is just one among many worldwide racing to minimize the risk of a second pandemic this century.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s no coincidence that many disease scientists are focusing attention on bats, the the world\u2019s only flying mammals. Bats are thought to be the original or intermedia<\/a>ry hosts for multiple viruses that have spawned recent epidemics, including SARS, MERS, Ebola, Nipah virus, Hendra virus and Marburg virus.<\/p>\n

A 2019\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0found that of viruses originating from the five most common mammalian sources \u2014 primates, rodents, carnivores, ungulates and bats \u2014 those from bats are the most virulent in humans.<\/p>\n

Bats are a diverse group, with more than 1,400 species flitting across every continent except Antarctica. But what many have in common are adaptations that allow them to carry viruses that are deadly in humans and livestock while exhibiting minimal symptoms themselves \u2014 meaning they are able travel<\/a> and shed those viruses, instead of being quickly hobbled.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe secret is that bats have unusual immune systems, and that\u2019s related to their ability to fly,\u201d said Raina Plowright, an epidemiologist who studies bats at Montana State University.<\/p>\n

Plowright and other bat scientists believe evolutionary tweaks that help bats recover from the stress of flying, when their metabolic rate rises sixteen-fold, also give them extra protection against pathogens.<\/p>\n

Probing the secrets of bat immune systems may help scientists understand more about when bats do shed viruses, as well as providing hints for possible future medical treatment strategies, said Arinjay Banerjee, a virologist at McMaster University in Canada.<\/p>\n

Increasing\u00a0destruction<\/a>\u00a0and fragmentation of habitats worldwide \u2014 especially biodiverse areas like\u00a0tropical forests<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 means \u201cwe are seeing higher rates of contact between wildlife and humans, creating more opportunities for spillover,\u201d said Cara Brook, a disease ecologist at the University of California, Berkeley.<\/p>\n

In India, a National Mission on Biodiversity and Human Well-Being has been pending since 2018 and will likely be launched next year. A core part of the plan is to set up 25 virus surveillance sites across the country.<\/p>\n

A varied patchwork of virus surveillance programs exists in several other countries, but funding tends to wax and wane with the political climate and sense of urgency.<\/p>\n

One app<\/a>roach that won\u2019t help, scientists say, is treating bats as the enemy \u2014 vilifying them, throwing stones or trying to burn them out of caves. An attack along those lines took place this spring, when villagers in the Indian state of Rajasthan identified bat colonies in abandoned forts and palaces and killed hundreds with bats and sticks.<\/p>\n

Scientists say such tactics are likely to backfire.<\/p>\n

\u201cStress is a huge factor in upsetting the natural balance that bats have with their viruses \u2014 the more you stress bats, the more they shed viruses,\u201d said Vikram Misra, a virologist at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople have a lot of misconceptions about bats. They\u2019re nocturnal and look a little weird flying,\u201d said Hannah Kim Frank, a biologist at Tulane University. \u201cBut bats aren\u2019t aggressive \u2014 and attacking bats doesn\u2019t help control diseases.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bats also play vital roles in ecosystems: They consume insects like mosquitos, pollinate plants like agave, and disperse seeds.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe actually need bats in the wild to consume insects that otherwise destroy cotton, corn and pecan harvests,\u201d said Kristen Lear, an ecologist at Bat Conservational International.<\/p>\n

A better approach to minimize disease risk, Frank said, is simply to minimize contact between wild bats and people and livestock.<\/p>\n

In Australia, widespread destruction of winter flowering eucalyptus trees that provide nectar for fruit bats \u2014 known locally as \u201cflying foxes\u201d \u2014 prompted the bats to move into areas closer to human settlements looking for alternate meals, including to a suburb of Brisbane called Hendra.<\/p>\n

There, the bats transmitted a virus to horses, which in turn infected people. First identified in 1994 and named Hendra virus, it is highly lethal, killing 60% of people and 75% of horses infected.<\/p>\n

To potentially reverse the movement of bats, Montana State University\u2019s Plowright and colleagues based in Australia are studying restoring the bats\u2019 original habitat.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea is to plant new forests and make sure they are away from places with domestic animals and people,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Bats aren\u2019t the problem, said Ricardo Moratelli, coordinator of the Fiocruz project in Brazil. \u201cThe problem is when human beings enter into contact with them,\u201d he said.\n <\/p><\/div>\n

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“#Scientists focus on bats for clues to prevent next pandemic” RIO DE JANEIRO \u2014 Night began to fall in Rio de Janeiro\u2019s Pedra Branca state park as four Brazilian scientists switched on their flashlights to traipse along a narrow trail of mud through dense rainforest. The researchers were on a mission: capture bats and help…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":133144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/bat-5.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&w=1200","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70897],"tags":[83688,70565,22483,1545,83955,5050],"class_list":["post-133143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-12-14-20","tag-bats","tag-brazil","tag-coronavirus","tag-pandemics","tag-scientists"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133143"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133143\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/133144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=133143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}