{"id":137830,"date":"2020-12-20T14:00:45","date_gmt":"2020-12-20T11:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit\/"},"modified":"2020-12-20T14:00:45","modified_gmt":"2020-12-20T11:00:45","slug":"how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit\/","title":{"rendered":"#How climate change made Venus impossible to inhabit"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28c10cd95b1\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28c10cd95b1\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit\/#Evidence_of_change\" >Evidence of change<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit\/#Ancient_rocks\" >Ancient rocks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit\/#Earth_analogies\" >Earth analogies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#How climate change made Venus impossible to inhabit<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>\n                            We can learn a lot about climate change from Venus, our sister planet. Venus currently has a surface temperature of 450\u2103 (the temperature of an oven\u2019s self-cleaning cycle) and an atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide (96%) with a density 90 times that of Earth\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p>Venus is a very strange place, totally uninhabitable, except perhaps in the clouds some 60 kilometers up where <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41550-020-1174-4\">the recent discovery of phosphine may suggest floating microbial life<\/a>. But the surface is totally inhospitable.<\/p>\n<p>However, Venus once likely had an Earth-like climate. According to recent climate modelling, for much of its history <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2016GL069790\">Venus had surface temperatures similar to present-day Earth<\/a>. It likely also had oceans, rain, perhaps snow, maybe continents and plate tectonics, and even more speculatively, perhaps even surface life.<\/p>\n<p>Less than one billion years ago, the climate dramatically changed due to a runaway greenhouse effect. It can be speculated that an intensive period of volcanism pumped enough carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to cause this great climate change event that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JE006276\">evaporated the oceans and caused the end of the water cycle<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidence_of_change\"><\/span>Evidence of change<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This hypothesis from the climate modelers inspired Sara Khawja, a master\u2019s student in my group (co-supervised with geoscientist Claire Samson), to look for <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19336-1\">evidence in Venusian rocks for this proposed climatic change event<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Since the early 1990s, my Carleton University research team \u2014 and more recently my Siberian team at Tomsk State University \u2014 have been m<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ing and interpreting the geological and tectonic history of Earth\u2019s remarkable sister planet.<\/p>\n<p>Soviet Venera and Vega missions of the 1970s and 1980s did land on Venus and take pictures and evaluated the composition of the rocks before <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pss.2007.09.005\">the landers failed due to the high temperature and pressure<\/a>. However, our most comprehensive view of the surface of Venus has been provided by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/planetary\/magellan.html\">NASA\u2019s Magellan spacecraft in the early 1990s<\/a>, which used radar to see through the dense cloud layer and produce detailed images of more than 98% of Venus\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Magellan: Venus False-Color Terrain\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yUrIzPRI4GE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">In the video above, a\u00a0visualization of Venus\u2019s surface produced by radar on board the Magellan spacecraft.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ancient_rocks\"><\/span>Ancient rocks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our search for geological evidence of the great climate change event led us to focus on the oldest type of rocks on Venus, called tesserae, which have a complex appearance suggestive of a long, complicated geological history. We thought that these oldest rocks had the best chance of preserving evidence of water erosion, which is such an important process on Earth and should have occurred on Venus prior to the great climate change event.<\/p>\n<p>Given poor resolution altitude data, we used an indirect technique to try to recognize ancient river valleys. We demonstrated that younger lava flows from the surrounding volcanic plains had filled valleys in the margins of tesserae.<\/p>\n<p>To our astonishment these tesserae valley patterns were very similar to river flow patterns on Earth, leading to our suggestion that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19336-1\">these tesserae valleys were formed by river erosion during a time with Earth-like climatic conditions<\/a>. My <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/research.earthsci.carleton.ca\/ernst-lab\">Venus research groups at Carleton and Tomsk State universities<\/a> are studying the post-tesserae lava flows for any geological evidence of the transition to extremely hot conditions.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"rock surface of Venus\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=480&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=480&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=480&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=603&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=603&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/373126\/original\/file-20201204-15-1cmblr.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=603&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2020\/12\/20\/how-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fsyndication%2F2020%2F12%2F20%2Fhow-climate-change-made-venus-impossible-to-inhabit%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: A portion of Alpha Regio, a topographic upland on the surface of Venus, was the first feature on Venus to be identified from Earth-based radar. (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA)\" data-title=\"Share A portion of Alpha Regio, a topographic upland on the surface of Venus, was the first feature on Venus to be identified from Earth-based radar. (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA) on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share A portion of Alpha Regio, a topographic upland on the surface of Venus, was the first feature on Venus to be identified from Earth-based radar. (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA) on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>A portion of Alpha Regio, a topographic upland on the surface of Venus, was the first feature on Venus to be identified from Earth-based radar. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/infographics\/resource.view.php?id=502&amp;catId=\">(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Earth_analogies\"><\/span>Earth analogies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In order to understand how volcanism on Venus could produce such a change in climate, we can look to Earth history for analogs. We can find analogies in super-eruptions like <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1130\/G47384.1\">the last eruption at Yellowstone that occurred 630,000 years<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But such volcanism is small compared to large igneous provinces (LIPs) that occur approximately every 20-30 million years. These eruption events can release enough carbon dioxide to cause <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2017.03.014\">catastrophic climate change on Earth<\/a>, including mass extinctions. To give you a sense of scale, consider that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Large+Igneous+Provinces%3A+A+Driver+of+Global+Environmental+and+Biotic+Changes-p-9781119507451\">the smallest LIPs produce enough magma to cover all of Canada to a depth of about 10 meters<\/a>. The largest known LIP produced enough magma that would have covered an area the size of Canada to a depth of nearly eight kilometers.<\/p>\n<p>The LIP analogs on Venus include individual volcanoes that are up to 500 kilometers across, extensive lava channels that reach up to 7,000 kilometers long, and there are also associated rift systems \u2014 where the crust is pulling apart \u2014 up to 10,000 kilometers long.<\/p>\n<p>If LIP-style volcanism was the cause of the great climate change event on Venus, then could similar climate change happen on Earth? We can imagine a scenario many millions of years in the future when multiple LIPs randomly occurring at the same time could cause Earth to have such runaway climate change leading to conditions like present-day Venus.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/150445\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" data-lazy=\"true\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/richard-ernst-1179503\">Richard Ernst<\/a>, Scientist-in-Residence, Earth <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>s, Carleton University (also a professor at Tomsk State University, Russia), <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/carleton-university-900\">Carleton University<\/a>\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/venus-was-once-more-earth-like-but-climate-change-made-it-uninhabitable-150445\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. 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Venus currently has a surface temperature of 450\u2103 (the temperature of an oven\u2019s self-cleaning cycle) and an atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide (96%) with a density 90 times that of Earth\u2019s. Venus is a&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":137831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2020\/12\/1-copy-62.jpg&signature=bbf9930e0c0dad2a1c1c21921805c0b2","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[74279,74278,43485,87234,73643,67821],"class_list":["post-137830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-atmosphere","tag-carbon-dioxide","tag-climate-change","tag-greenhouse-effect","tag-venus","tag-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137830"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137830\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/137831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}