{"id":148986,"date":"2021-01-07T06:52:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-07T03:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/"},"modified":"2021-01-07T06:52:00","modified_gmt":"2021-01-07T03:52:00","slug":"opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/","title":{"rendered":"#\n  Opinion: Mob attacking the Capitol was unprecedented but hardly surprising"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a393fd553de6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a393fd553de6\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/#Can_four_years_of_Donald_Trump_undo_220_years_of_democratic_norms\" >Can four years of Donald Trump undo 220 years of democratic norms?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/#Not_unprecedented\" >Not unprecedented<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/#Red_flags\" >Red flags<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/#Peaceful_transfer_of_power\" >Peaceful transfer of power<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/#Conditions_for_violence_still_exist\" >Conditions for violence still exist<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/opinion-mob-attacking-the-capitol-was-unprecedented-but-hardly-surprising\/#Jack_L_Rozdilsky\" >Jack L. Rozdilsky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#<br \/>\n  Opinion: Mob attacking the Capitol was unprecedented but hardly surprising<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__subhead\" itemprop=\"alternativeHeadline\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_four_years_of_Donald_Trump_undo_220_years_of_democratic_norms\"><\/span>\n  Can four years of Donald Trump undo 220 years of democratic norms?<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"column column--full article__content\">\n<div id=\"js-article__body\" class=\"article__body article-wrap at16-col16 barrons-article-wrap\" itemprop=\"articleBody\" data-sbid=\"WP-MKTW-0000121394\">\n<div class=\"barrons-article-ad-wrapper\">\n<div data-track=\"barrons-article-ad-wrap\" class=\"barrons-article-ad sticky_item\">\n<div class=\"barrons-main-article-ad-target sticky_target body_ad\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>       In the lead-up to the American presidential election,\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/fixgov\/2020\/10\/27\/why-the-risk-of-election-violence-is-high\/\" class=\"icon none\">risk of post-election violence was high<\/a>. Those predictions came true Wednesday when thousands of pro-Trump rioters stormed the U.S. Capitol in an unprecedented act of anarchy as Congress was set to confirm President-elect Joe Biden\u2019s victory.<\/p>\n<p> The violence in Washington comes after one of the most tumultuous years in U.S. history. In 2020, the\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iii.org\/fact-statistic\/facts-statistics-civil-disorders\" class=\"icon none\">Insurance Information Institute estimated sustained losses of over $1 billion<\/a>\u2014perhaps the costliest civil disorder in the U.S.<\/p>\n<div class=\"paywall\">\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n              \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n        media-object\n        type-InsetPullQuote\n          inline\n    scope-web|mobileapps\n  article__inset\n        article__inset--type-InsetPullQuote\n          article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<div class=\"wsj-article-pullquote article__inset__pullquote \">\n<p class=\"pullquote-content article__inset__pullquote__quote\">\n        <span class=\"l-qt article__inset__pullquote__mark--left\">\u201c<\/span><br \/>\n         Perhaps the most dangerous top indicator of electoral violence was Trump\u2019s tendency to use the executive branch as a bully pulpit to fuel divisions and sow chaos.<br \/>\n        <span class=\"r-qt article__inset__pullquote__mark--right\">\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>       Since Trump lost the Nov. 3 election\u2014all the while fomenting false theories that the vote was rigged\u2014many have wondered how his presidency would end. With an unpredictable president remaining in the White House until Jan. 20, potential dangers to democracy were predicted given\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-politics-media-1bf96bf3910bdcbe0f125958357c8f1a\" class=\"icon none\">that Trump supporters believe his false claims about the election<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p> But as the sun sets on Trump\u2019s administration, it\u2019s clear the past four years have made the United States a more fragile state.<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Not_unprecedented\"><\/span>Not unprecedented<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>Predictions of violence in the United States weren\u2019t unfounded because election unrest is not unprecedented.<\/p>\n<p>During the 1920 election, violence in Florida intimidated and prevented Black people from voting, and dozens of Blacks were subsequently killed in the election-related\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43487653\" class=\"icon none\">Ocoee Riot of 1920<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>That riot almost exactly 100 years ago was\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/history\/2020\/11\/02\/ocoee-florida-election-day-massacre\/\" class=\"icon none\">the worst instance of election day violence<\/a>\u00a0in U.S. history.<\/p>\n<p>One sobering warning about potential violence came from the International Crisis Group, a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization based in Brussels, Belgium.<\/p>\n<p>In the lead-up to the election, for the\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/content\/crisis-group-turns-focus-risk-electoral-violence-us\" class=\"icon none\">first time in its 25-year history<\/a>, the group turned its attention to analyzing the risks of political violence in the U.S. The organization typically provides warnings concerning conflict-prone regions where democracy is fragile.<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Red_flags\"><\/span>Red flags<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>Certain items consistently emerged as\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/united-states\/004-us-presidential-election-managing-risks-violence\" class=\"icon none\">red flags, indicating potential electoral violence<\/a>. These risk factors include a polarized electorate, highly segregated and mutually mistrusted sources of information and the existence of armed citizens and militias with easy access to weapons.<\/p>\n<div id=\"cx-membership-tile\"><\/div>\n<p>In addition, before the election, unresolved racial tensions were still present in the U.S. stemming from the killing of George Floyd in May and the subsequent\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/2020\/06\/2020-not-1968\/\" class=\"icon none\">widespread civil unrest<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In June, during a peak period of racially driven civil unrest in the U.S., the president\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/trumps-threat-to-use-the-insurrection-act-against-protesters-is-an-abuse-of-power-139856\" class=\"icon none\">threatened to use the Insurrection Act<\/a>\u00a0to put down protests and used his rhetoric to inflame rather than to quell violence.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the most dangerous top indicator of electoral violence was Trump\u2019s tendency to use the executive branch as a bully pulpit to fuel divisions and sow chaos. In fact, as late as election eve, Trump tweeted that a court decision he did not favor would allow cheating and also lead to violence in the streets.<\/p>\n<p>Presidents have never spoken in ways that link their election prospects and violence im<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media<\/a>tely before election day.<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Peaceful_transfer_of_power\"><\/span>Peaceful transfer of power<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>The historical norm of the post-election peaceful transfer of power in the U.S.\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/peaceful-transfer-power-adams-jefferson\" class=\"icon none\">dates back to 1801, when John Adams ceded political power<\/a>\u00a0to his opponent Thomas Jefferson after a contested election.<\/p>\n<p>In the period of transition, the new test of American democracy is whether a lame-duck president like Trump can undo 200 years of post-electoral norms to weaken American democracy.<\/p>\n<p>There are\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fragilestatesindex.org\/frequently-asked-questions\/what-does-state-fragility-mean\/\" class=\"icon none\">four characteristics of fragile states<\/a>: a loss of the monopoly on the legitimate use of force, the erosion of legitimate authority to make collective decisions, an inability to provide reasonable public services, and the inability to interact with other nation-states as a full member of the international community.<\/p>\n<p>Even falling a little toward the direction of a fragile state before Jan. 20 can create a more permissive environment for in<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ropriate expressions of grievances through violence.<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conditions_for_violence_still_exist\"><\/span>Conditions for violence still exist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>Insights can be gained from studies of democratization in postwar societies. For example, peace and conflict researcher Kristine H\u00f6glund has studied the\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546550902950290\" class=\"icon none\">factors that encouraged violence at elections<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f6glund found that conditions that enabled the use of electoral violence include situations where violence is viewed as a legitimate political tool, and agitators have access to arms. Other factors that trigger electoral violence are false interpretations of close elections, misuse of political rights, and militant mobilization.<\/p>\n<p>Those conditions currently exist in America\u2014and were on full display during the attack on the U.S. Capitol.<\/p>\n<p> <strong><em>Jack L. Rozdilsky is a professor of disaster and emergency management at York University.\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>This commentary was originally published by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/pro-trump-rioters-storm-u-s-capitol-as-his-election-tantrum-leads-to-violence-149142\" class=\"icon none\">The Conversation.<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n              \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n        media-object\n        type-InsetDynamic\n          inline\n    scope-web|mobileapps\n  article__inset\n        article__inset--type-InsetDynamic\n          article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<div class=\"dynamic-inset-container article__inset__dynamic\">\n<style>\n    .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"] {\n        height: 1px;\n        margin-bottom: 5px;\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    body.at12units .bleed .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"] {\n        height: 1px;\n    }\n    body .inline .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"],\n    body .offset .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"],\n    body .header .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"],\n    body.at8units .bleed .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"] {\n        height: 1px;\n    }\n    body.at4units .inline .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"],\n    body.at4units .offset .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"],\n    body.at4units .header .wsj-interactive.generic-iframe-embed[name=\"counter\"] {\n        height: 1px;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<p><iframe class=\"wsj-interactive generic-iframe-embed\" name=\"counter\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/149142\/count.gif\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"wsj-article-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"byline article__byline\">\n<p>      <span>By<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"author  hasMenu\" data-scrim='{\"type\":\"author\",\"header\":\"Jack L. Rozdilsky \",\"subhead\":\"The Wall Street Journal\",\"list\":[]}' itemscope itemprop=\"author\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\n<h4 itemprop=\"name\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jack_L_Rozdilsky\"><\/span>Jack L. Rozdilsky <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News<\/a> articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/news\/story.asp?guid=%7B21005575-02D4-D4B5-4572-D1DA32114513%7D&#038;siteid=rss&#038;rss=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;# Opinion: Mob attacking the Capitol was unprecedented but hardly surprising &#8221; Can four years of Donald Trump undo 220 years of democratic norms? In the lead-up to the American presidential election,\u00a0risk of post-election violence was high. Those predictions came true Wednesday when thousands of pro-Trump rioters stormed the U.S. Capitol in an unprecedented act&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":148987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70897],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=148986"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148986\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/148987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=148986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=148986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}