{"id":156690,"date":"2021-01-17T21:00:58","date_gmt":"2021-01-17T18:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming\/"},"modified":"2021-01-17T21:00:58","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T18:00:58","slug":"gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming\/","title":{"rendered":"#Gas emitted by merging galaxies is stopping stars from forming"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3f3ee9dfcb5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3f3ee9dfcb5\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming\/#Tidal_tails\" >Tidal tails<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Gas emitted by merging galaxies is stopping stars from forming<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>\n                            Most stars in the universe today are found in massive galaxies called ellipticals, named for their stretched-out-circle shape. Unlike our own galaxy, which is a spiral with arms extending out from the center, the edges of elliptical galaxies are smooth.<\/p>\n<p>At first glance, these galaxies might seem like simple systems. However, they are among the most mysterious objects in the cosmos. Elliptical galaxies host <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/article\/404\/4\/1775\/1081595\">extremely old stars<\/a> and are not forming new stars.<\/p>\n<p>Exactly how these dead galaxies form is a question both observational and theoretical astronomers have tried to answer <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-018-0558-1\">for a long time<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-020-01268-x\">Our new study<\/a>, published in Nature Astronomy, could help solve this puzzle.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/study-of-distant-galaxies-challenges-our-understanding-of-how-stars-form-90147\">Stars form<\/a> when huge clouds of gas within galaxies collapse under gravity. Eventually, enough mass clumps together, and a star is formed. But galaxies need gas for this to h<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>en. Our team detected a galaxy, called ID2299, that is ejecting nearly half of its star-forming gas. The galaxy is throwing out the equivalent of 10,000 Suns per year in gas, removing 46% of the total cold gas the galaxy contains.<\/p>\n<p><em>[Read:\u00a0<span dir=\"auto\">How Netflix shapes mainstream culture, explained by data<\/span>]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Because the galaxy is also forming stars very rapidly, hundreds of times faster <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0004-637X\/806\/1\/96\/pdf\">than our Milky Way<\/a>, the gas that remains will be quickly consumed. At the current rate, ID2299 will shut down in just a few tens of million years. This is much faster than the typical duration of star formation episodes in galaxies, which is a few billion years.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tidal_tails\"><\/span>Tidal tails<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This exceptional massive ejection is being caused by a tidal tail, produced by the galaxy\u2019s merger with another galaxy. Tidal tails are elongated streams of stars and gas extending into the interstellar space, as a result of tidal forces caused by the interaction \u2013 like the moon\u2019s tidal pull on Earth.<\/p>\n<p>Tidal tails are commonly seen in nearby merging galaxies, but it is difficult to identify them in the distant universe because of their low luminosity. Luckily, even though ID2299 was observed at a time when the universe was only 4.5 billion years old (our universe is now about 14 billion years old), we were able to see this ejection when it first started happening, when these tails are usually at their brightest.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Artist's impression of a galaxy with a tidal tail.\" width=\"600\" height=\"381\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=580%2C479%2C2357%2C1754&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=382&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=382&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=382&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=480&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=480&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378249\/original\/file-20210112-17-s76pks.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=480&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2021\/01\/17\/gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fsyndication%2F2021%2F01%2F17%2Fgas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Some of the galaxy\u2019s gas is being ejected as a result of a merger. Image via ESO\/M. Kornmesser (author provided)\" data-title=\"Share Some of the galaxy\u2019s gas is being ejected as a result of a merger. Image via ESO\/M. Kornmesser (author provided) on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Some of the galaxy\u2019s gas is being ejected as a result of a merger. Image via ESO\/M. Kornmesser (author provided) on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>Some of the galaxy\u2019s gas is being ejected as a result of a merger. Image via ESO\/M. Kornmesser (author provided)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>We discovered this exceptional galaxy by inspecting a survey of galaxies made with the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.almaobservatory.org\/en\/home\/\">Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array (ALMA)<\/a>, designed to study the properties of the cold gas in more than 100 galaxies in the distant universe.<br \/>Data from ALMA provided the spectrum of the cold, star-forming gas. The ejection was observed as a broad emission line, near the very prominent emission line associated with the galaxy. From this spectrum, we were able to measure the mass and velocity of the ejected gas.<\/p>\n<p>This is the first time we have observed a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant universe about to die because of a massive cold gas ejection. Our study provides an important observational confirmation of the fact galaxies can stop forming stars as a result of gas expulsions.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A simulated collision between two galaxies.\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/378286\/original\/file-20210112-23-f77esg.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2021\/01\/17\/gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fsyndication%2F2021%2F01%2F17%2Fgas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Part of the gas is ejected in large tails and as the galaxies get closer they merge to form a single system. Image via Jeremy Fensch, et al\" data-title=\"Share Part of the gas is ejected in large tails and as the galaxies get closer they merge to form a single system. Image via Jeremy Fensch, et al on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Part of the gas is ejected in large tails and as the galaxies get closer they merge to form a single system. Image via Jeremy Fensch, et al on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>Part of the gas is ejected in large tails and as the galaxies get closer they merge to form a single system. Image via Jeremy Fensch, et al<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Simulations and previous observational results suggested gas ejections were associated with galactic winds produced either by the accretion of gas onto a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-017-0165\">supermassive black holes<\/a> or intense star formation episodes. In our study, we showed that the ejection detected in ID2299 cannot be explained by a galactic wind. The results might therefore lead us to revise our understanding of how galaxies stop forming their stars.<\/p>\n<p>Our study shows that mergers have a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies because they are capable of expelling large quantities of gas from galaxies, shutting down star formation and affecting galaxy growth.<\/p>\n<p>Future studies with deeper and higher resolution data will allow us to better understand the dynamics of the ejected gas in ID2299. Observing more ejections in other distant galaxies will also be important to understand how common these phenomena are.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/153118\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" data-lazy=\"true\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/annagrazia-puglisi-1195766\">Annagrazia Puglisi<\/a>, Post Doc Research Associate in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/durham-university-867\">Durham University<\/a>,\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/galaxies-eject-gas-when-they-merge-preventing-new-stars-forming-new-research-153118\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"post-article-read-next\">\n    <b>Read next:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>        Azure is one of the largest market leaders, learn cloud computing with this $39 training    <\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2021\/01\/17\/gas-emitted-by-merging-galaxies-is-stopping-stars-from-forming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Gas emitted by merging galaxies is stopping stars from forming&#8221; Most stars in the universe today are found in massive galaxies called ellipticals, named for their stretched-out-circle shape. Unlike our own galaxy, which is a spiral with arms extending out from the center, the edges of elliptical galaxies are smooth. At first glance, these galaxies&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":156691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/01\/Galaxy-hed.jpg&signature=27667812a056687a23f97732c2478af1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[18290,74901,71612],"class_list":["post-156690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-evolution","tag-galaxy","tag-insights"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=156690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156690\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/156691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=156690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=156690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}