{"id":217382,"date":"2021-04-02T12:26:06","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T09:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/whats-solar-geoengineering-and-why-is-it-controversial\/"},"modified":"2021-04-02T12:26:06","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T09:26:06","slug":"whats-solar-geoengineering-and-why-is-it-controversial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/whats-solar-geoengineering-and-why-is-it-controversial\/","title":{"rendered":"#What\u2019s solar geoengineering\u2026 and why is it controversial?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a364db5821ce\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a364db5821ce\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/whats-solar-geoengineering-and-why-is-it-controversial\/#Three_options_many_questions\" >Three options, many questions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/whats-solar-geoengineering-and-why-is-it-controversial\/#A_thoughtful_and_inclusive_process\" >A thoughtful and inclusive process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/whats-solar-geoengineering-and-why-is-it-controversial\/#Broadening_the_discussion\" >Broadening the discussion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#What\u2019s solar geoengineering\u2026 and why is it controversial?<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>\n                            A new report from the National Academies of <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>s, Engineering and Medicine <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/25762\/reflecting-sunlight-recommendations-for-solar-geoengineering-research-and-research-governance\">tackles a controversial question<\/a>: Is solar geoengineering \u2013 an <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roach designed to cool the Earth by reflecting sunlight back into space or modifying clouds \u2013 a potential tool for countering climate change?<\/p>\n<p>The report, produced by a committee of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/25762\/chapter\/1#v\">16 experts from diverse fields<\/a>, does not take a position but concludes that the concept should be studied. It calls for creating a multidisciplinary research program, in coordination with other countries and managed by the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalchange.gov\/\">U.S. Global Change Research Program<\/a>, that seeks to fill in the many knowledge gaps on this issue.<\/p>\n<p>The study emphasizes that such research is not a substitute for cutting greenhouse gas emissions and should be a minor part of the U.S. response to climate change. It notes that \u201cengineering the climate\u201d would not address the root cause of climate change \u2013 greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. And it calls for a research program that draws on physical science, <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social<\/a> science and ethics and includes public input.<\/p>\n<p>These perspectives from three members of the study committee underline the complexity of this issue.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Three_options_many_questions\"><\/span>Three options, many questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>James W. Hurrell, Professor and Scott Presidential Chair of Environmental Science and Engineering, Colorado State University<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Solar geoengineering strategies are very controversial within and beyond the climate science community. It is a major step forward to have 16 experts from different disciplines agree that now is the time to establish a research program on this topic. Our committee <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/trip-and-travel\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"10\" title=\"Trip &amp; Travel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">travel<\/a>ed a long road to reach this recommendation, working through many complex and contentious issues to reach consensus, but we did it collegially and productively. Each of us learned a great deal.<\/p>\n<p>The three options we considered raise many questions:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Stratospheric aerosol injection would increase the number of small reflective particles (aerosols) in the upper atmosphere to increase reflection of sunlight back into space. While strong evidence exists that this approach <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/earth\/features\/stratospheric-aerosols.html\">can induce cooling at a global scale<\/a>, there is <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/sites\/prod\/files\/2019\/03\/f61\/Chapter%205.pdf\">limited understanding<\/a> of how cooling potential relates to the amounts of injected aerosols, their location and type, and the ensuing regional climate responses and impacts.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/25762\/chapter\/4#34\">Marine cloud brightening<\/a> would add materials to low clouds over the ocean to make them more reflective. Water vapor in clouds condenses into droplets when it comes into contact with particles, such as salt; adding particles produces more droplets, making the clouds more reflective.<\/p>\n<p>Where and by how much the brightness of clouds can be modified, and whether feedback processes will mask or amplify some of the effects, are important research questions. Key processes occur at scales too small to include directly into the current generation of global climate models, and these process uncertainties will need to be reduced in order to develop reliable projections of climate impacts.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/25762\/chapter\/4#35\">Cirrus cloud thinning<\/a> would seek to reduce the formation of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scied.ucar.edu\/image\/cirrus-clouds\">wispy, thin clouds<\/a> that retain heat radiating upward from Earth\u2019s surface. The efficacy of this approach is unknown because of very limited understanding of cirrus cloud properties and the microphysical processes determining how cirrus clouds may be altered. Existing climate model simulations have yielded contradictory results.<\/p>\n<p>Given the risks of rapid warming and its impacts, it is important to consider a portfolio of response options, and to understand as quickly and efficiently as possible whether solar geoengineering could be a reasonably safe and effective option. A transdisciplinary, coordinated and well-governed research program might prove that more investment is warranted. Or it could indicate that solar geoengineering should not be considered further. The key point is that either outcome will be guided by sound science.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"904\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=904&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=904&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=904&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1136&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1136&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392059\/original\/file-20210327-19-1rb7n1f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1136&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/science\/2021\/04\/02\/solar-geogineering-controversial-syndicationl\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F04%2F02%2Fsolar-geogineering-controversial-syndicationl%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: The new report examines three solar geoengineering options: stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cirrus cloud thinning. NAS\" data-title=\"Share The new report examines three solar geoengineering options: stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cirrus cloud thinning. NAS on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share The new report examines three solar geoengineering options: stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cirrus cloud thinning. NAS on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>The new report examines three solar geoengineering options: stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cirrus cloud thinning. NAS<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption\/><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_thoughtful_and_inclusive_process\"><\/span>A thoughtful and inclusive process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>Ambuj D. Sagar, Founding Head, School of Public Policy, and Professor of Policy Studies, The Indian Institute of <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology<\/a> Delhi<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Few climate issues are as polarizing as solar geoengineering, and for good reason. To many, even considering it could dilute efforts to cut emissions. It also reinforces the notion that as a society we are willing to place our faith in technology to solve our self-inflicted problems.<\/p>\n<p>But refusing to engage with solar geoengineering also raises questions. Can we be sure that we won\u2019t need it in the future? What if greenhouse warming generates horrendous climate impacts? And if it turns out that solar geoengineering is not technically feasible or socially acceptable, should we not learn that now?<\/p>\n<p>This report recognizes that there is value in understanding more about the feasibility, acceptance, risks, ethics and governance of solar geoengineering to inform decision-making. But it also calls for a measured, nuanced and integrative approach. And it makes the point that exploring solar geoengineering should not compromise research or action on climate mitigation and adaptation.<\/p>\n<p>Public engagement and participation, and insights from various disciplines, are key to carrying out effective research on solar geoengineering. At the same time, suitable expertise and institutional arrangements are needed to engage better with this complex topic. We need to understand how to effectively enhance such participation and strengthen such capacity.<\/p>\n<p>Paying attention to these issues will open the door to including perspectives and researchers from the global south and other communities that often are marginalized. It also will help make the research agenda more robust and help people better understand potential risks around the world from solar geoengineering. A strong and inclusive research program should also fully involve developing countries and other relevant communities in exploring governance models for solar geoengineering.<\/p>\n<p>Our panel recommended that the proposed U.S. research program be carried out in coordination with other countries. We hope this approach will spur deeper engagement worldwide, especially by developing countries that need to be part of global conversations and decisions on this issue.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, I hope that the perspectives and approaches presented in this report will catalyze a thoughtful and socially robust research program and equally thoughtful deliberations by scholars, policymakers, and citizens on this thorny topic.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100531212028\/http:\/\/vulcan.wr.usgs.gov\/Volcanoes\/Philippines\/Pinatubo\/images.html\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Volcanic cloud over Clark Air Base, Philippines.\" width=\"600\" height=\"625\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-lazy=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=625&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=625&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=625&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=786&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=786&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/392060\/original\/file-20210327-25-5ta0cg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=786&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/science\/2021\/04\/02\/solar-geogineering-controversial-syndicationl\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F04%2F02%2Fsolar-geogineering-controversial-syndicationl%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines injected into Earth\u2019s stratosphere vast quantities of aerosol particles, which scattered and reflected sunlight, reducing Earth\u2019s average global temperature by about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the next 15 months. Afterward, however, temperatures resumed rising. Richard Hoblitt\/USGS\" data-title=\"Share The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines injected into Earth\u2019s stratosphere vast quantities of aerosol particles, which scattered and reflected sunlight, reducing Earth\u2019s average global temperature by about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the next 15 months. Afterward, however, temperatures resumed rising. Richard Hoblitt\/USGS on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines injected into Earth\u2019s stratosphere vast quantities of aerosol particles, which scattered and reflected sunlight, reducing Earth\u2019s average global temperature by about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the next 15 months. Afterward, however, temperatures resumed rising. Richard Hoblitt\/USGS on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines injected into Earth\u2019s stratosphere vast quantities of aerosol particles, which scattered and reflected sunlight, reducing Earth\u2019s average global temperature by about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the next 15 months. Afterward, however, temperatures resumed rising. Richard Hoblitt\/USGS<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption\/><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Broadening_the_discussion\"><\/span>Broadening the discussion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>Marion Hourdequin, Professor of Philosophy, Colorado College<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Geoengineering evolved <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2016EF000521\">from a fringe concept to a serious research topic<\/a> less than 20 years ago, and today solar geoengineering technologies are largely in the idea stage. Computer modeling simulations and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/natural-hazards\/volcano-hazards\/volcanoes-can-affect-climate\">natural analogs such as volcanoes<\/a> indicate that adding reflective aerosols to the stratosphere or increasing the \u201cbrightness\u201d of marine clouds could have cooling effects. However, there are risks and uncertainties associated with these approaches, and the potential benefits \u2013 which may not be evenly distributed around the globe \u2013 are not well understood.<\/p>\n<p>For example, scientists know very little about the regional effects of different solar geoengineering strategies. And researchers are just starting to explore the ecological, social, political, economic, and ethical dimensions of these approaches.<br \/>What\u2019s more, many people in the U.S. and the world are unaware that research is moving forward and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.keutschgroup.com\/scopex\">outdoor experiments have been proposed<\/a>. So far, discussions about solar geoengineering have been concentrated among a relatively small group of researchers, primarily from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/25762\/chapter\/4?term=diversity#37\">North America and Europe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But like climate change itself, solar geoengineering would affect everyone. The technologies that our committee considered would have global and multigenerational effects. With this in mind, now is the time for broader and more inclusive conversations about how solar geoengineering should be studied and governed \u2013 and whether or not it should be seriously considered. These conversations need to include climate-vulnerable communities, Indigenous peoples and nations of the global south.<\/p>\n<p>Our committee\u2019s report calls for a program that weaves together multidisciplinary research, public and stakeholder engagement, and thoughtful limits and guidelines for research. This program should facilitate cooperation and capacity building, support a more demographically and geographically diverse research community, enable equitable participation and prioritize strategies that build trust, transparency, and legitimacy.<\/p>\n<p>Geoengineering raises big technical, social and ethical questions that should be informed by research but can\u2019t be adequately answered by a small set of experts. And regardless of what we learn through geoengineering research, one thing is clear: Reducing emissions, decarbonizing economies and supporting adaptation to current and future climate impacts need to take center stage.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\" lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/157828\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" data-lazy=\"true\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article, by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/james-w-hurrell-1220593\">James W. Hurrell<\/a>, Professor and Scott Presidential Chair in Environmental Science and Engineering, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/colorado-state-university-1267\">Colorado State University<\/a>; <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/ambuj-d-sagar-211655\">Ambuj D Sagar<\/a>, Founding Head, School of Public Policy, and Vipula and Mahesh Chaturevdi Professor of Policy Studies, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/the-indian-institute-of-technology-delhi-2408\">The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi<\/a>, and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/marion-hourdequin-834350\">Marion Hourdequin<\/a>, and Professor of Philosophy, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/colorado-college-703\">Colorado College<\/a>\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/solar-geoengineering-is-worth-studying-but-not-a-substitute-for-cutting-emissions-study-finds-157828\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. 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