{"id":21977,"date":"2020-07-06T23:01:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T20:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/plant-study-challenges-tropics-reputation-as-site-of-modern-evolutionary-innovation\/"},"modified":"2020-07-06T23:01:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T20:01:00","slug":"plant-study-challenges-tropics-reputation-as-site-of-modern-evolutionary-innovation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/plant-study-challenges-tropics-reputation-as-site-of-modern-evolutionary-innovation\/","title":{"rendered":"#Plant study challenges tropics’ reputation as site of modern evolutionary innovation"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#Plant study challenges tropics’ reputation as site of modern evolutionary innovation<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\"Plant<\/img>
\n The tropics are the birthplace of most rosids, a massive group of flowering plants that includes this Sterculia monosperma, a nut-bearing tree native to southern China and Taiwan. But rosids are diversifying faster in temperate zones, a finding that challenges a longstanding hypothesis about evolution in the tropics. Credit: Miao Sun
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

In a surprise twist, a major group of flowering plants is evolving twice as quickly in temperate zones as the tropics. The finding runs counter to a long-held hypothesis that tropical regions, home to the planet’s richest biological diversity, outpace their temperate counterparts in producing new species.<\/p>\n

\n <\/section>\n

The tropics are the birthplace of most species of rosids, a group that makes up more than a quarter of flowering plants, ranging from mangroves to roses to oaks. But in an analysis of about 20,000 rosid species, researchers found the speed of tropical rosid evolution lags far behind that of younger communities in temperate habitats.<\/p>\n

Although rosids originated 93-115 million years ago, the rate at which the group diversified, or formed new species, dramatically increased over the last 15 million years, a period of global cooling and expanding temperate habitats. Today, rosids are diversifying far faster in places such as the southeastern U.S. than in equatorial rainforests, said study co-lead author Ryan Folk, assistant professor of biological science<\/a>s and herbarium curator at Mississippi State University.
\n“Everyone knows about the diversity of tropical rainforests. You would assume all the action in evolution is happ<\/a>ening in them,” said Folk, formerly a postdoctoral researcher at the Florida Museum of Natural History. “But we found out that it is really the temperate regions of the Earth\u2014really our own backyards\u2014where a lot of the recent action is taking place.”<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Plant<\/img>
\n Researchers assembled this rosid phylogeny, a map of the group\u2019s evolutionary relationships. In the outer ring, tropical rosid lineages are represented by orange lines while non-tropical rosids are marked in blue. Credit: Sun et al, in Nature Communications
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Charles Darwin once described the speed with which the earliest flowering plants evolved and spread across the planet as an “abominable mystery.” Scientists are still tracing the driving forces behind these plants’ runaway evolutionary success, with temperature emerging as a complex factor: Some studies have shown that flower evolution accelerates in warmer regions while others point to cooler climates. Research on higher and lower latitudes’ influence on plant diversification produced similarly conflicting findings.
\nA team of evolutionary biologists selected rosids as the candidates for a closer look at the relationship between temperature and plant diversity in the first large-scale assessment of the group’s evolution. Comprising an estimated 90,000-120,000 species, rosids live in nearly all land-based habitats, with rosid trees shaping most temperate and many tropical forests, said study co-author Douglas Soltis, Florida Museum curator and University of Florida distinguished professor.<\/p>\n

“To me that was one of the biggest terrestrial evolutionary events\u2014the rise of the rosid-dominated forests,” he said. “Other lineages, such as amphibians, insects and ferns, diversified in the shadow of rosids.”
\nThe team’s study shows rosids evolved by leaps and bounds after the Earth’s hothouse climate began to cool and dry and as many tropical and subtropical habitats transformed into temperate ones\u2014offering new real estate for evolutionarily enterprising organisms.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Plant<\/img>
\n Rose myrtle, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, is a rosid species that flourishes in the forests, wetlands and coasts of southern and southeastern Asia. Credit: Miao Sun
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The diversity of tropical regions, in contrast, is not due to evolutionary mechanisms, but rather stability: Folk said tropical plant communities have “simply failed to go extinct, so to speak.”
\nThe findings echo a similar pattern the team uncovered in another group of plants known as Saxifragales, but the researchers are cautious about making conjectures on whether the pattern holds true for other plants or animals.
\n“It’s difficult to say there is a universal pattern for how life responds to temperature,” said study co-lead author Miao Sun, a postdoctoral researcher at Denmark’s Aarhus University and a former Florida Museum postdoctoral researcher. “On the other hand, there seems to be a trend forming that, together with our study, shows a lower diversification rate in tropical regions compared with temperate zones. But it’s still hard to tell to what extent this pattern is true across the tree of life.”
\nIf cooling temperature spurred rosid diversification, how might the group fare on a warming planet? The prognosis is not promising, the researchers said.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Plant<\/img>
\n Rosids often play important ecological roles. Mangroves provide a foundation for ecosystems that connect land and ocean. Credit: Florida Museum photo by Kristen Grace
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Rosids were able to fill cool ecological niches and now may not be able to adapt to a temperature hike, especially at the current rate of change, said study co-author Pamela Soltis, Florida Museum curator and UF distinguished professor.
\n“Warming temperatures will likely slow the rate of diversification, but even worse, we don’t expect species currently living in arctic or alpine areas to be able to respond to quickly warming temperatures,” she said. “The change is happening too rapidly, and we are already seeing species moving northward in the Northern Hemisphere or up mountains, with many more species facing extinction or already lost.”
\nThe team used genetic data from GenBank and natural history databases such as iDigBio and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to assemble DNA data for 20,000 species and 3 million plant occurrence records\u2014one of the largest investigations of this nature to date.
\n“This work would have been impossible without natural history collections data,” said study co-lead and senior author Robert Guralnick, Florida Museum curator of bioinformatics. “Rosids are an enormously successful group of flowering plants. Look out your window, and you will see rosids. Those plants are there because of processes occurring over millions of years, and now we know something essential about why.”
\nThe researchers published their findings in Nature Communications<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\n<\/hr>\n
\n<\/hr>\n
\n

More information:<\/strong>
\n Miao Sun et al, Recent accelerated diversification in rosids occurred outside the tropics, Nature Communications<\/i> (2020). DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-020-17116-5\n <\/div>\n

\n Citation<\/strong>:
\n Plant study challenges tropics’ reputation as site of modern evolutionary innovation (2020, July 6)
\n retrieved 6 July 2020
\n from https:\/\/phys.org\/news<\/a>\/2020-07-tropics-reputation-site-modern-evolutionary.html<\/p>\n

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
\n part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

if you want to watch Movies<\/a> or Tv Shows go to Dizi.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a> <\/span> for forums sites go to Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“#Plant study challenges tropics’ reputation as site of modern evolutionary innovation” The tropics are the birthplace of most rosids, a massive group of flowering plants that includes this Sterculia monosperma, a nut-bearing tree native to southern China and Taiwan. But rosids are diversifying faster in temperate zones, a finding that challenges a longstanding hypothesis about…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[33709,11874],"class_list":["post-21977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sciencee","tag-plant-study-challenges-tropics-reputation-as-site-of-modern-evolutionary-innovation","tag-plants-animals-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21977"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21977\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}