{"id":229737,"date":"2021-04-18T12:30:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-18T09:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/heres-why-we-should-never-trust-ai-to-identify-our-emotions\/"},"modified":"2021-04-18T12:30:26","modified_gmt":"2021-04-18T09:30:26","slug":"heres-why-we-should-never-trust-ai-to-identify-our-emotions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/heres-why-we-should-never-trust-ai-to-identify-our-emotions\/","title":{"rendered":"#Here\u2019s why we should never trust AI to identify our emotions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a43a1b8d6fb2\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a43a1b8d6fb2\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/heres-why-we-should-never-trust-ai-to-identify-our-emotions\/#Shaky_scientific_ground\" >Shaky scientific ground<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/heres-why-we-should-never-trust-ai-to-identify-our-emotions\/#Citizen_science_project\" >Citizen science project<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Here\u2019s why we should never trust AI to identify our emotions<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>Imagine you are in a job interview. As you answer the recruiter\u2019s questions, an artificial intelligence (AI) system <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2020\/01\/15\/tech\/ai-job-interview\/index.html\">scans your face<\/a>, scoring you for <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/3064863\/watch-this-ai-platform-assess-trumps-and-clintons-emotional-intelligence\">nervousness<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2020\/01\/15\/tech\/ai-job-interview\/index.html\">empathy<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/job-screening-service-halts-facial-analysis-applicants\/\">dependability<\/a>. It may sound like <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a> fiction, but these systems are increasingly used, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/02\/05\/1017388\/ai-deep-learning-facial-recognition-data-history\/\">often without people\u2019s knowledge<\/a> or consent.<\/p>\n<p>Emotion recognition <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> (ERT) is in fact a burgeoning <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marketresearchengine.com\/reportdetails\/emotion-detection-and-recognition-edr-market\">multi-billion-dollar industry<\/a> that aims to use AI to detect emotions from facial expressions. Yet the science behind emotion recognition systems <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-00868-5\">is controversial<\/a>: there are biases built into the systems.<\/p>\n<p><em>[Read:\u00a0<span dir=\"auto\">Can AI read your emotions? Try it for yourself]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Many companies use ERT <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-44799239\">to test customer reactions<\/a> to their products, from cereal to video <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a>s. But it can also be used in situations with much <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/amazon-detect-fear-face-you-scared\/\">higher stakes<\/a>, such as in <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2019\/07\/31\/emotion-detection-ai-is-billion-industry-new-research-says-it-cant-do-what-it-claims\/\">hiring<\/a>, by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2019\/07\/31\/emotion-detection-ai-is-billion-industry-new-research-says-it-cant-do-what-it-claims\/\">airport security<\/a> to flag faces as revealing deception or fear, in <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ai-facial-analysis-is-scientifically-questionable-should-we-be-using-it-for-border-control-155474\">border control<\/a>, in <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ER-Tech-China-Report.pdf\">policing<\/a> to identify \u201cdangerous people\u201d or in <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2021\/02\/16\/tech\/emotion-recognition-ai-education-spc-intl-hnk\/index.html\">education<\/a> to monitor students\u2019 engagement with their homework.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shaky_scientific_ground\"><\/span>Shaky scientific ground<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fortunately, facial recognition technology is receiving public attention. The award-winning film Coded Bias, recently released on Netflix, documents the discovery that many facial recognition technologies do not accurately detect darker-skinned faces. And the research team managing ImageNet, one of the largest and most important datasets used to train facial recognition, was recently forced to blur 1.5 million images <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/researchers-blur-faces-launched-thousand-algorithms\/\">in response to privacy concerns<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Revelations about algorithmic bias and discriminatory datasets in facial recognition technology have led large technology companies, including Microsoft, Amazon and IBM, to halt sales. And the technology <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2251508-is-police-use-of-face-recognition-now-illegal-in-the-uk\/\">faces legal challenges<\/a> regarding its use in policing in the UK. In the EU, a coalition of more than 40 civil society organisations have <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reclaimyourface.eu\/\">called for a ban<\/a> on facial recognition technology entirely.<\/p>\n<p>Like other forms of facial recognition, ERT raises questions about bias, privacy and mass surveillance. But ERT raises another concern: the science of emotion behind it is controversial. Most ERT is based on the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/0470013494.ch3\">theory of \u201cbasic emotions\u201d<\/a> which holds that emotions are biologically hard-wired and expressed in the same way by people everywhere.<\/p>\n<p>This is increasingly being challenged, however. Research in anthropology shows that emotions <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journal.culanth.org\/index.php\/ca\/article\/view\/ca32.2.01\">are expressed differently<\/a> across cultures and societies. In 2019, the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\">Association for Psychological Science<\/a> conducted a review of the evidence, concluding that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1529100619832930\">there is no scientific support<\/a> for the common assumption that a person\u2019s emotional state can be readily inferred from their facial movements. In short, ERT is built on shaky scientific ground.<\/p>\n<p>Also, like other forms of facial recognition technology, ERT is encoded with racial bias. A study <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/emotion-reading-tech-fails-the-racial-bias-test-108404\">has shown<\/a> that systems consistently read black people\u2019s faces as angrier than white people\u2019s faces, regardless of the person\u2019s expression. Although <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3281765\">the study of racial bias<\/a> in ERT is small, racial bias in other forms of facial recognition is well-documented.<\/p>\n<p>There are two ways that this technology can hurt people, says AI researcher Deborah Raji <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2020\/06\/12\/1003482\/amazon-stopped-selling-police-face-recognition-fight\/\">in an interview with MIT Technology Review<\/a>: \u201cOne way is by not working: by virtue of having higher error rates for people of color, it puts them at greater risk. The second situation is when it does work \u2014 where you have the perfect facial recognition system, but it\u2019s easily weaponized against communities to harass them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So even if facial recognition technology can be de-biased and accurate for all people, it still may not be fair or just. We see these <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.yale.edu\/homes\/jf\/BarocasSelbst.pdf\">disparate effects<\/a> when facial recognition technology is used in policing and judicial systems that are already discriminatory and harmful to people of colour. Technologies can be dangerous when they don\u2019t work as they should. And they can also be dangerous when they work perfectly in an imperfect world.<\/p>\n<p>The challenges raised by facial recognition technologies \u2013 including ERT \u2013 do not have easy or clear answers. Solving the problems presented by ERT requires moving from AI ethics centred on abstract principles to AI ethics centred on <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/medialse\/2020\/02\/13\/beginning-just-ai-bravery-and-creativity-for-ethics-in-practice\/\">practice<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/02\/26\/1020007\/what-is-an-algorithm\/\">effects<\/a> on people\u2019s lives.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to ERT, we need to collectively examine the controversial science of emotion built into these systems and analyse their potential for racial bias. And we need to ask ourselves: even if ERT could be engineered to accurately read everyone\u2019s inner feelings, do we want such intimate surveillance in our lives? These are questions that require everyone\u2019s deliberation, input and action.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Citizen_science_project\"><\/span>Citizen science project<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>ERT has the potential to affect the lives of millions of people, yet there has been <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ainowinstitute.org\/AI_Now_2019_Report.pdf\">little public deliberation<\/a> about how \u2013 and if \u2013 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/2053951720904386\">it should be used<\/a>. This is why we have developed <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/emojify.info\">a citizen science project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>On our <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/emojify.info\">interactive website<\/a> (which works best on a laptop, not a phone) you can try out a private and secure ERT for yourself, to see how it scans your face and interprets your emotions. You can also play games comparing human versus AI skills in emotion recognition and learn about the controversial science of emotion behind ERT.<\/p>\n<p>Most importantly, you can contribute your perspectives and ideas to generate new knowledge about the potential impacts of ERT. As the computer scientist and digital activist <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.media.mit.edu\/people\/joyab\/overview\/\">Joy Buolamwini<\/a><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jovialjoy\/status\/1373637633591623680\">says<\/a>: \u201cIf you have a face, you have a place in the conversation.\u201d<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/158809\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"lazyreplaced\" srcset=\"\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/alexa-hagerty-1224881\">Alexa Hagerty<\/a>, Research Associate of Anthropology, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-cambridge-1283\">University of Cambridge<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/alexandra-albert-1224882\">Alexandra Albert<\/a>, Research Fellow in Citizen <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social<\/a> Science, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/ucl-1885\">UCL<\/a>,\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ai-is-increasingly-being-used-to-identify-emotions-heres-whats-at-stake-158809\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><script data-src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js#xfbml=1&amp;appId=378011798897423&amp;version=v2.6\" id=\"socialSrcFacebook\" type=\"text\/template\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/heres-why-we-should-never-trust-ai-to-identify-our-emotions-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Here\u2019s why we should never trust AI to identify our emotions&#8221; Imagine you are in a job interview. As you answer the recruiter\u2019s questions, an artificial intelligence (AI) system scans your face, scoring you for nervousness, empathy and dependability. It may sound like science fiction, but these systems are increasingly used, often without people\u2019s knowledge&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":229738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/neural?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/04\/happy.jpg&signature=8d815c8e914d1db232567785b0eedd6e","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-229737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=229737"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229737\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/229738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=229737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=229737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}