{"id":245585,"date":"2021-05-07T18:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-05-07T15:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/distinct-cell-to-cell-communication-processes-controlled-differently\/"},"modified":"2021-05-07T18:02:43","modified_gmt":"2021-05-07T15:02:43","slug":"distinct-cell-to-cell-communication-processes-controlled-differently","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/distinct-cell-to-cell-communication-processes-controlled-differently\/","title":{"rendered":"#Distinct cell-to-cell communication processes controlled differently"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#Distinct cell-to-cell communication processes controlled differently<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

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\"Distinct
\n Two distinct types of exosomes are released from epithelial cells. Apical exosomes contain an abundance of GPRC5C and CD63 (red box), whereas basolateral exosomes contain an abundance of CD9 and CD81 (blue box). Credit: Tohoku University
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Cells talk to each other to coordinate nutrition, waste removal, energy use, and, in some cases, disease progression. The cells that line the surfaces of organs or specific tissues, called epithelial cells, app<\/a>ear to speak two different languages\u2014one for either side of the cell, according to a new study by researchers based in Japan.<\/p>\n


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The discovery, published on March 16 in EMBO Reports<\/i>, could have implications for understanding how cancer spreads and, potentially, for advanced treatments, the team says.<\/p>\n

The team, led by Mitsunori Fukuda, professor in the Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Science<\/a>s, Graduate School of Life Sciences at Tohoku University, examined epithelial cells from a kidney model. The cells release particles called exosomes that carry bits of the cells themselves or information about the cells. The proteins and other genetic information in the exosomes can then influence how other cells behave or function. In health, such an information exchange could help the immune system mount a more tailored approach to an invading pathogen. Some diseased cells, such as cancer, can release exosomes that make healthy cells less resistant to invasion.<\/p>\n

“Single cells are known to release various kinds of exosomes, but very little is known about the mechanisms by which they are produced and released,” Fukuda said. “In this paper, we found that epithelial cells asymmetrically release two distinct types of exosomes with distinct protein compositions.”<\/p>\n

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\n Two distinct mechanisms of exosome production. ALIX and ceramide differentially control formation of apical and basolateral exosomes, respectively. Credit: Tohoku University
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The researchers developed a purification method to separate out exosomes based on their protein makeup.<\/p>\n

“In this paper, we found that epithelial cells asymmetrically release two distinct types of exosomes\u2014apical and basolateral\u2014with distinct protein compositions,” said first author Takahide Matsui, assistant professor, Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences at Tohoku University.<\/p>\n

They found that exosomes released from the apical side of the cell, which faces an external space or lumen, were modulated by ALIX, a protein related to the particle formation inside the cells. Exosomes released from the basolateral side of the cell closest to other tissues and neighboring cells were triggered by ceramide, a fatty molecule. They also found that depleting ALIX and ceramide reduced the number of apical exosomes and basolateral exosomes released, respectively.<\/p>\n

Fukuda said that the results could help elucidate the cell-to-cell communication that allows cancer to migrate\u2014and put a stop to it.<\/p>\n

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\n Secretion of exosomes and their role in cell-to-cell communication. Intraluminal vesicles within the MVB (green circles) are released as exosomes to the extracellular space, and the released exosomes affect surrounding cells. Credit: Tohoku University
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“It will be interesting to investigate how cancer cells use two distinct mechanisms of exosome production during cancer progression,” Fukuda said. “Since exosomes from cancer cells are involved in their progression, our findings could lead to the discovery of new drugs for treatments for cancers in the future.”<\/p>\n

Matsui agreed, noting that their research could expand to other realms in health and in disease.<\/p>\n

“Our discovery provides an important clue to understanding the generation of different exosomes in many cell types in addition to epithelial cells,” Matsui said.<\/p>\n\n

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Novel late-stage colorectal cancer treatment proves effective in preclinical models<\/a>\n <\/div>\n

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\n More information:<\/strong>
\n Takahide Matsui et al. ALIX and ceramide differentially control polarized small extracellular vesicle release from epithelial cells, EMBO reports<\/i> (2021). DOI: 10.15252\/embr.202051475<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
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\n Tohoku University
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Citation<\/strong>:
\n Distinct cell-to-cell communication processes controlled differently (2021, May 7)
\n retrieved 8 May 2021
\n from https:\/\/phys.org\/news<\/a>\/2021-05-distinct-cell-to-cell-differently.html<\/p>\n

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\n part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n