{"id":256900,"date":"2021-05-23T17:00:03","date_gmt":"2021-05-23T14:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/clocks-consuming-more-energy-are-more-accurate-cause-thermodynamics\/"},"modified":"2021-05-23T17:00:03","modified_gmt":"2021-05-23T14:00:03","slug":"clocks-consuming-more-energy-are-more-accurate-cause-thermodynamics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/clocks-consuming-more-energy-are-more-accurate-cause-thermodynamics\/","title":{"rendered":"#Clocks consuming more energy are more accurate\u2026 \u2019cause thermodynamics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3c33704e272\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3c33704e272\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/clocks-consuming-more-energy-are-more-accurate-cause-thermodynamics\/#Studying_time\" >Studying time<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/clocks-consuming-more-energy-are-more-accurate-cause-thermodynamics\/#The_cost_of_measuring_time\" >The cost of measuring time<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Clocks consuming more energy are more accurate\u2026 \u2019cause thermodynamics<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>Clocks pervade our lives, from the cellular clocks <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/uk\/topics\/body-clock-2947\">inside our bodies<\/a> to the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/scientists-are-hoping-to-redefine-the-second-heres-why-157645\">atomic clocks<\/a> that underlie satellite navigation.<\/p>\n<p>These atomic clocks can measure time accurately to within one second in billions of years. But there could be a price to pay for this accuracy, in the form of energy.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prx\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevX.11.021029\">Our new experiment<\/a> found clocks that measure time more accurately consume more energy than their less accurate counterparts. This suggests nature imposes a fundamental energy cost for keeping time, and it may mean there\u2019s a limit to how accurate we can make clocks.<\/p>\n<p>The branch of <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a> that studies the energy required for different physical processes is called thermodynamics. Its laws are inescapable, and all our machines are constrained by them, including power stations, computers and engines.<\/p>\n<p>A key principle of thermodynamics is that energy always eventually flows from hot objects to cold ones. If we reverse the flow in one place, such as a refrigerator, we must pay for it elsewhere, such as in a power station.<\/p>\n<p>A consequence of this is that everything in the universe will ultimately reach the same temperature. At this point life, which relies on energy flow, will become impossible. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-fate-of-the-universe-heat-death-big-rip-or-cosmic-consciousness-46157\">This grim scenario<\/a> \u2013 which lies in the far distant future, if the universe lasts that long \u2013 is known as heat death.<\/p>\n<p>The one-way evolution driven by the laws of thermodynamics, often called the arrow of time, profoundly constrains what <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> can and can\u2019t do. For example, there\u2019s a maximum useful energy that can be extracted by burning a given amount of fuel at a given temperature. No engine will ever be more efficient than this. Thermodynamics also imposes a price for rewriting information, and constrains the efficiency of any possible computer memory.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Studying_time\"><\/span>Studying time<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There may be other thermodynamic machines constrained in this way. Some intriguing hints suggest that clocks are a third example.<\/p>\n<p>Simulations of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prx\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevX.6.041053\">clocks inside bacteria<\/a> and the latest <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/physics.aps.org\/articles\/v10\/88\">\u201cquantum\u201d clocks<\/a> show that, even though their innards are completely different, both of them must be supplied with energy to create the same flow from hot to cold. This is the cost they must pay to keep time, and the thermodynamic theory of clocks predicts that it must increase when the accuracy of the clock improves.<\/p>\n<p>To find out whether such a constraint <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>lies to real clocks, we and our colleagues, including PhD candidate Anna Pearson, built a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prx\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevX.11.021029\">particularly simple clock<\/a> based on a pendulum clock, in which the flow of energy could be measured and controlled.<\/p>\n<p>Our \u201cpendulum\u201d \u2013 perhaps more accurately described as a drum \u2013 was a suspended membrane, just 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) thick, which vibrated at a set frequency. Each vibration corresponded to one tick of the clock. We could increase the strength of these vibrations by supplying energy to the membrane in a controlled way. Determining the accuracy of the clock became a matter of measuring how regularly the ticks occurred, which we did using an electrical circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Just like any other engine, the clock had to release part of the energy supplied to it as heat. In our design, this heat contributed to the signal from the electrical circuit. We could measure both the accuracy of the clock and the price in terms of heat released.<\/p>\n<p>The thermodynamic theory of clocks made two predictions about our experiment. First, the more energy we supplied, the more accurately the clock should run. Second, the amount of heat released by the clock should increase in proportion to its accuracy.<\/p>\n<p>Both these predictions came true. What\u2019s more, the ratio between the accuracy and the heat released was close to the value the theory predicts, once the electrical noise in the experiment was taken into account.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_cost_of_measuring_time\"><\/span>The cost of measuring time<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our results show there is indeed a price for measuring time accurately, at least for this simple clock. Interestingly, our theory predicts quite accurately the energy consumption of more complex clocks in everyday life. For example, it says that a wristwatch should consume at least one microwatt (millionth of a watt) of power \u2013 which is indeed slightly less than the actual consumption.<\/p>\n<p>So do humans\u2019 efforts to measure time inescapably accelerate the universe\u2019s journey towards heat death? We don\u2019t need to worry, for two reasons.<\/p>\n<p>First, some clocks, particularly the most accurate atomic clocks, are much more efficient than our theory predicts. This shows the thermodynamic constraint we have found does not apply in the same way to all clocks, meaning we still lack an all-encompassing understanding of timekeeping.<\/p>\n<p>More importantly, the energy dissipated by clocks is minuscule on a universal scale. The heat death of the universe may eventually happen \u2013 but the cause will lie not in ourselves, but in the stars.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/161120\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/161120\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/edward-laird-1233457\">Edward Laird<\/a>, Lecturer in Experimental Condensed Matter Physics, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/lancaster-university-1176\">Lancaster University<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/natalia-ares-950917\">Natalia Ares<\/a>, Royal Society University Research Fellow, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oxford-1260\">University of Oxford<\/a> is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/clocks-that-tell-time-more-accurately-use-more-energy-new-research-161120\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/clocks-consuming-more-energy-are-more-accurate-thermodynamics-experiment-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Clocks consuming more energy are more accurate\u2026 \u2019cause thermodynamics&#8221; Clocks pervade our lives, from the cellular clocks inside our bodies to the atomic clocks that underlie satellite navigation. These atomic clocks can measure time accurately to within one second in billions of years. But there could be a price to pay for this accuracy, in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":256901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/clocks.jpg&signature=581647ac766d903650bc9647020d3a37","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-256900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/256900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=256900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/256900\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/256901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=256900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=256900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=256900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}