{"id":263127,"date":"2021-05-31T14:37:33","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T11:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/lets-not-trust-ai-to-profile-people-from-their-head-vibrations\/"},"modified":"2021-05-31T14:37:33","modified_gmt":"2021-05-31T11:37:33","slug":"lets-not-trust-ai-to-profile-people-from-their-head-vibrations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/lets-not-trust-ai-to-profile-people-from-their-head-vibrations\/","title":{"rendered":"#Let\u2019s not trust AI to profile people from their head vibrations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a348a941f0f8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a348a941f0f8\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/lets-not-trust-ai-to-profile-people-from-their-head-vibrations\/#%E2%80%98Suspect_AI\" >\u2018Suspect AI\u2019<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Let\u2019s not trust AI to profile people from their head vibrations<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>Digital video surveillance systems can\u2019t just identify who someone is. They can also work out how someone is feeling and what kind of personality they have. They can even tell how they might behave in the future. And the key to unlocking this information about a person is the movement of their head.<\/p>\n<p>That is the claim made by the company behind the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/psymaker.com\/\">VibraImage<\/a> artificial intelligence (AI) system. (The term \u201cAI\u201d is used here in a broad sense to refer to digital systems that use algorithms and tools such as automated biometrics and computer vision). You may never have heard of it, but digital tools based on VibraImage <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psymaker.com\/downloads\/confer2019_PRINT_color.pdf\">are being used across a broad range of applications<\/a> in Russia, China, Japan and South Korea.<\/p>\n<p>But as I show in my recent research, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09717218211003411\">published in Science, Technology and Society<\/a>, there is very little reliable, empirical evidence that VibraImage and systems like it are actually effective at what they claim to do.<\/p>\n<p>Among other things, these <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>lications include identifying \u201csuspect\u201d individuals among crowds of people. They are also used to grade the mental and emotional <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fa-mas.com\/a-system.html\">states of employees<\/a>. Users of VibraImage include police forces, the nuclear industry and airport security. The <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> has already been deployed at two <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jetro.go.jp\/biz\/areareports\/2019\/7235b3bd2d9209d7.html\">Olympic Games, a FIFA World Cup and a G7 Summit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In Japan, clients of such systems include one of the world\u2019s leading facial recognition providers (NEC), one of the largest security services companies (ALSOK), as well as <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.25696\/ELSYS.VC1.EN.4\">Fujitsu and Toshiba<\/a>. In South Korea, among other uses it is being developed as a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.25696\/ELSYS.VC1.EN.5\">contactless lie detection system<\/a> for use in police interrogations. In China, it has already been <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.25696\/ELSYS.VC1.EN.9\">officially certified for police use<\/a> to identify suspicious individuals at airports, border crossings and elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>Across east Asia and beyond, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/nec-is-the-most-important-facial-recognition-company-youve-never-heard-of-12381d530510\">algorithmic security, surveillance<\/a>, predictive policing and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/toyota-city-of-the-future-japan-mt-fuji-2020-1?r=US&amp;IR=T\">smart city infrastructure<\/a> are <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ER-Tech-China-Report.pdf\">becoming mainstream<\/a>. VibraImage forms one part of this emerging infrastructure. Like other algorithmic emotion detection systems being developed and deployed globally, it promises to take video surveillance to a new level. As I explain in my paper, it claims to do this by generating information about subjects\u2019 characters and inner lives that they don\u2019t even know about themselves.<\/p>\n<p>Vibraimage has been developed by Russian biometrist Viktor Minkin through his company <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/psymaker.com\">ELSYS Corp<\/a> since 2001. Other emotion detection systems try to calculate people\u2019s emotional states by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ai-is-increasingly-being-used-to-identify-emotions-heres-whats-at-stake-158809\">analysing their facial expressions<\/a>. By contrast, VibraImage analyses video footage of the involuntary micro movements, or \u201cvibrations\u201d, of a person\u2019s head, which are caused by muscles and the circulatory system. The analysis of facial expressions to identify emotions has come under <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/a-i-cant-detect-our-emotions-3c1f6fce2539\">growing criticism<\/a> in recent years. Could VibraImage provide a more accurate approach?<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1355298 js-lazy\" alt=\"Surveillance systems can profile individuals in huge crowds.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-280x187.jpg 280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-405x270.jpg 405w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-203x135.jpg 203w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-796x530.jpg 796w\"\/><figcaption>Credit: <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/action-athletes-audience-ballpark-1850887\/\">Pexels<\/a><\/figcaption><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fneural%2F2021%2F05%2F31%2Flets-not-trust-ai-profile-people-from-head-vibrations-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Surveillance systems can profile individuals in huge crowds.\" data-title=\"Share Surveillance systems can profile individuals in huge crowds. on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Surveillance systems can profile individuals in huge crowds. on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>Surveillance systems can profile individuals in huge crowds.<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"\/><\/figcaption><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1355298\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280.jpg\" alt=\"Surveillance systems can profile individuals in huge crowds.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-280x187.jpg 280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-405x270.jpg 405w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-203x135.jpg 203w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/action-1850887_1280-796x530.jpg 796w\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>Minkin puts forward two theories apparently supporting the idea that these movements are tied to emotional states. The first is the existence of a \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10527-008-9045-9\">vestibulo-emotional reflex<\/a>\u201d based on the idea that the body\u2019s system responsible for balance and spatial orientation is related to psychological and emotional states. The second is a \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200327175953\/http:\/www.elsys.ru\/review5_e.php\">thermodynamic model of emotions<\/a>\u201d, which draws a direct link between specific emotional-mental states and the amount of energy expended by muscles. What\u2019s more, Minkin claims this energy can be measured through tiny vibrations of the head.<\/p>\n<p>According to these theories, involuntary movement of the face and head are therefore emotion, intention and personality made visible. In addition to spotting suspect individuals, supporters of VibraImage also believe this data can be used to determine personality type, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.25696\/ELSYS.VC1.EN.14\">identifying adolescents<\/a> more likely to commit crimes, or <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25696\/ELSYS.VC2.EN.4\">categorising types of intelligence<\/a> based on nationality and ethnicity. They even suggest it could be used to create a 1984-style test of loyalty to the values of a company or nation, based on how someone\u2019s head vibrations change in response to statements.<\/p>\n<p>But the many claims made about its effects seem unprovable. Very few scientific articles on VibraImage have been published in academic journals with rigorous peer review processes \u2013 and many are written by those with an interest in the success of the technology. This research often relies on experiments that already <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.25696\/ELSYS.VC2.EN.17\">assume VibraImage is effective<\/a>. How exactly certain head movements are linked to specific emotional-mental states is not explained. One study from Kagawa University of Japan found <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp\/?action=pages_view_main&amp;active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&amp;item_id=2138&amp;item_no=1&amp;page_id=13&amp;block_id=21\">almost no correlation<\/a> between the results of a VibraImage assessment and those of existing psychological tests.<\/p>\n<p>In a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/static_files\/files\/1582\/JamesReply2.pdf?1621602958\">statement<\/a> in response to the claims in this article, Minkin says that VibraImage is not an AI technology, but \u201cis based on understandable physics and cybernetics and physiology principles and transparent equations for emotions calculations\u201d. It may use AI processing in behavior detection or emotion recognition when they have \u201ctechnical necessity for it\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>He also argues that people might assume the technology is \u201cfake\u201d as \u201ccontactless and simple technology of psychophysiological detection looks so fantastic\u201d, and because it is associated with Russia. Minkin has also published a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/344476055_Suspect_Inquisition_Reply_to_Suspect_AI_Vibraimage_Emotion_Recognition_Technology_and_Algorithmic_Opacity\">technical response<\/a> to my paper.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Suspect_AI\"><\/span>\u2018Suspect AI\u2019<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the main reasons why it is so difficult to prove whether VibraImage works is its underlying premise that the system reveals more about subjects than they know about themselves. But there is no compelling evidence that that\u2019s the case.<\/p>\n<p>I propose the term \u201csuspect AI\u201d to describe the growing number of systems that algorithmically classify individuals as suspects, yet I argue are themselves deeply suspect. They are opaque, unproven, developed and implemented without democratic input or oversight. They are also largely unregulated, and possess the potential for serious harm.<\/p>\n<p>VibraImage is not the only such system out there. Other AI systems to detect suspicious or deceptive individuals have been trialed. For example, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/c9997e24-b211-11e9-bec9-fdcab53d6959\">Avatar<\/a> has been tested on the US-Mexico border, and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iborderctrl.eu\/\">iBorderCtrl<\/a> at the EU\u2019s borders. Both are designed to detect deception among migrants. In China, VibraImage-based systems and similar products are being used for <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ER-Tech-China-Report.pdf\">a growing range of<\/a> applications in law enforcement, security and healthcare.<\/p>\n<p>The broader algorithmic emotion recognition industry was worth up to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ainowinstitute.org\/AI_Now_2019_Report.pdf\">US$12 billion in 2018<\/a>. It is expected to reach <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/c0b03d1d-f72f-48a8-b342-b4a926109452\">US$37.1 billion by 2026<\/a>. Amid growing global concern about the need to create rules around the ethical development of AI, we need to look far more closely at such opaque algorithmic systems of surveillance and control.<\/p>\n<p>The European Commission\u2019s <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/proposal-regulation-laying-down-harmonised-rules-artificial-intelligence-artificial-intelligence\">recently announced draft AI regulations<\/a> categorize the use of emotion recognition systems by law enforcement as \u201chigh-risk\u201d and subject to a higher level of governance control. This is an important start. Other countries should now follow this lead to ensure that possible harms from these high-risk systems are minimized.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/160566\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/160566\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/james-wright-997699\">James Wright<\/a>, Research Associate, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/alan-turing-institute-3885\">Alan Turing Institute<\/a>,\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ai-is-being-used-to-profile-people-from-their-head-vibrations-but-is-there-enough-evidence-to-support-it-160566\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. 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They can also work out how someone is feeling and what kind of personality they have. They can even tell how they might behave in the future. And the key to unlocking this information&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":263128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/neural?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/05\/AI-head-recognition-hed-shutterstock_1783490738.jpg&signature=85bb18e35546170fcb30a0aa325d4212","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-263127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=263127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/263128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=263127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=263127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=263127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}