{"id":290657,"date":"2021-07-04T13:00:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T10:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return\/"},"modified":"2021-07-04T13:00:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T10:00:07","slug":"a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return\/","title":{"rendered":"#A decade since \u2018the year of the hacktivist\u2019, online protests look set to\u00a0return"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a408d56ba4b6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a408d56ba4b6\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return\/#Hacktivisms_heyday\" >Hacktivism\u2019s heyday<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return\/#Hacktivist_tactics\" >Hacktivist tactics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return\/#Hacktivisms_revival\" >Hacktivism\u2019s revival?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#A decade since \u2018the year of the hacktivist\u2019, online protests look set to\u00a0return<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>Many of us vaguely remember the word \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/2410\/hacktivism\">hacktivism<\/a>\u201d from a decade ago. This was a time before serious <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ransomware-gangs-are-running-riot-paying-them-off-doesnt-help-155254\">ransomware attacks<\/a> dominated current cybersecurity concerns, when certain hacking techniques were being used to send political messages to governmental and corporate entities.<\/p>\n<p>Hacktivism has since <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.darkreading.com\/the-state-of-hacktivism-in-2020-\/d\/d-id\/1338382\">retreated<\/a> as a form of protest, in part due to the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/jan\/24\/hacking-us-government-cyber-crackdown\">prosecution<\/a> of prominent hacktivists, sometimes with what <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ear to be disproportionately <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hactivists-arent-terrorists-but-us-prosecutors-make-little-distinction-45260\">severe sentences<\/a>. But with the ongoing pandemic <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cityam.com\/extinction-rebellion-cancels-london-protest-over-coronavirus\/\">restricting<\/a> physical protests <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)01239-3\/fulltext\">globally<\/a>, and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2021\/jun\/22\/curbs-on-protests-in-policing-bill-breach-human-rights-laws-mps-and-peers-say\">new bills<\/a> being drawn up to curb offline protest, it looks as if hacktivism may be set for a return.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007%2F978-3-030-55841-3_4\">My research<\/a> into hacktivism and cybercrime helps place hacktivism in its historical context \u2013 from which we can understand how, where and why hackers may soon resort once again to digital protest across the world.<\/p>\n<p>Hacktivism may have reached its peak a decade ago, but it\u2019s been a feature of online activism since the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2013\/04\/29\/hacktivism-a-short-history\/\">early popularisation<\/a> of the internet. Major hacktivist groups, such as the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Electronic-Disturbance-Theater\">Electronic Disturbance Theater<\/a>, the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080226121652\/http:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/research\/2000\/0529feat2.html\">Electrohippies<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hacktivismo.com\/\">Hacktivismo<\/a>, were already active in the late 1990s. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/oro.open.ac.uk\/5089\/\">At the time<\/a>, they supported the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726\">Zapatista<\/a> movement in Mexico, protested global wealth inequality and flagged security issues in popular software.<\/p>\n<p>Even traditional activist groups \u2013 such as <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wayback.archive-it.org\/9650\/20200403205550\/http:\/\/p3-raw.greenpeace.org\/international\/en\/news\/features\/bhopal-protests-move-online\/\">Greenpeace<\/a> and the German anti-racist collective <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kein-mensch-ist-illegal.org\/\">Kein Mensch ist illegal<\/a> \u2013 were known to use hacktivist protest tactics long before its rise to global prominence.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, Kein Mensch ist illegal led a \u201ccollective blockade\u201d of Lufthansa\u2019s website in 2001 to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/europe\/1399685.stm\">protest<\/a> the airline\u2019s cooperation with the German government\u2019s deportation policies. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edri.org\/our-work\/edrigramnumber4-11demonstration\/\">A Frankfurt Appeals court<\/a> would eventually rule that this hacktivist activity amounted to freedom of expression \u2013 not criminal activity \u2013 but this legal precedent was not followed by courts <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/gp\/book\/9783319717579\">elsewhere<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hacktivisms_heyday\"><\/span>Hacktivism\u2019s heyday<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hacktivism began attracting global attention when <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.versobooks.com\/books\/2027-hacker-hoaxer-whistleblower-spy\">Anonymous<\/a> \u2013 a loose collective of hackers, politicized internet users, trolls and pranksters \u2013 decided to focus on political issues. The collective targeted the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/anonymous-hackers-take-on-the-church-of-scientology\/\">Church of Scientology<\/a> for censoring online content in 2008, and mobilized to protect whistleblower websites such as <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/science\/deciphering-the-murky-world-of-hackers-supporting-wikileaks\">WikiLeaks<\/a> in 2010, among <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/resources.infosecinstitute.com\/topic\/a-history-of-anonymous\/\">various other<\/a> actions with national and international implications. The activities of Anonymous would eventually lead major cybersecurity companies to characterize 2011 as the \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sophos.com\/medialibrary\/PDFs\/other\/SophosSecurityThreatReport2012.ashx\">year of the hacktivist<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Soon, hacktivist groups were springing up across the world. Anonymous itself sported many national branches, and these groups contributed to common political struggles at the same time as weighing in during local uprisings. For instance, Anonymous took down dozens of the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thehackernews.com\/2012\/12\/anonymous-hit-egyptian-government.html\">Egyptian government\u2019s websites<\/a> in 2012 during the Arab Spring protests.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"&#039;Hacktivist&#039; groups unite against common targets\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ydIOjQW3AJQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<p>This explosion in hacktivist activity did not go unpunished, despite the hacktivist claim that online protest is <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2010\/12\/pro-wikileaks-denial-of-service-attacks-just-another-form-of-civil-disobedience.html\">as valid<\/a> as offline protest. Some hacktivists were found to violate cybercrime laws, such as the UK\u2019s <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/1990\/18\/contents\">Computer Misuse Act 1990<\/a>, and various protesters were prosecuted and convicted in <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/jan\/24\/anonymous-hackers-jailed-cyber-attacks\">the UK<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sip-trunking.tmcnet.com\/news\/2011\/09\/01\/5747845.htm\">the US<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the most high-profile prosecution was that of the American internet wonder-kid <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9vz06QO3UkQ\">Aaron Swartz<\/a>, who\u2019d bypassed university cybersecurity safeguards in an <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/112418\/aaron-swartz-suicide-why-he-broke-jstor-and-mit\">attempt to download<\/a> and make public an entire database of academic papers. Swartz <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/entry\/aaron-swartz-suicide_n_2462819?ri18n=true\">died by suicide<\/a> in the lead up to his trial, bringing US cybercrime laws and their <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/jan\/24\/hacking-us-government-cyber-crackdown\">aggressive enforcement<\/a> into question.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, cybercrime laws have only <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007%2F978-3-030-55841-3_4\">intensified<\/a> in the years since, forcing hacktivists into a retreat. But their tactics remain effective and, given that the pandemic has restricted our capability to conduct physical protests <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/year-covid-19-pandemic-s-impact-global-conflict-and-demonstration-trends\">worldwide<\/a>, hacktivism could soon be redeployed as an alternative way of expressing dissent in the post-COVID era.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hacktivist_tactics\"><\/span>Hacktivist tactics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alexandrasamuel.com\/dissertation\/pdfs\/Samuel-Hacktivism-frontmatter.pdf\">Traditionally<\/a>, hacktivists have tried to mimic offline forms of protest and civil disobedience, but in the online space. They\u2019ve used website defacements, often called \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sitepoint.com\/graffiti-artists-internet\/\">internet graffiti<\/a>\u201d, to scrawl political messages on targeted websites. And <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsc.gov.uk\/collection\/denial-service-dos-guidance-collection\">denial of service<\/a> (DoS) attacks, which are designed to overwhelm a website with traffic in order to make it crash, are also common. Hacktivists often call these virtual sit-ins.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast to internet graffiti, which can be facilitated by a single skilled hacker, virtual sit-ins require mass participation. That makes these protests far more democratically legitimate and impactful \u2013 as well as sharing the criminal liability among the virtual protesters.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve highlighted the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/gp\/book\/9783319717579\">positive aspects<\/a> of these tactics in my research, praising how they bring citizen dissent into the online environment while globalizing important political causes. But virtual sit-ins also have financial implications for the attacked organisations and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/gp\/book\/9783319717579\">systems<\/a>. Meanwhile, some commentators have criticized hacktivism as a form of empty \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=104302141&amp;t=1624376009849\">slacktivism<\/a>\u201d which they say isn\u2019t comparable to the political conscientiousness and resolution of street protests.<\/p>\n<p>Although hacktivism in principle is all about promoting <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itpro.co.uk\/hacking\/30203\/what-is-hacktivism\">socially beneficial causes<\/a> while minimizing harms, it can also become muddled with a less justifiable vigilantist rationale. For example, Anonymous members have in the past exposed the personal details of individuals such as <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/national\/archive\/2011\/09\/anonymous-goes-after-pepper-spray-cops-personal-info\/337447\/\">police officers<\/a>, which puts them and their families at risk. Meanwhile, the hacktivist group <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/may\/16\/lulzsec-hacking-fbi-jail\">Lulzsec<\/a> has been known to target big organisations for the sake of the challenge, rather than for a political purpose. Finally, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/27\/india-pakistan-online-war-includes-hacks-social-media.html\">nationalist hacktivists<\/a> have historically been involved in cross-border hacker wars which has, in some cases, escalated into real-world violence.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hacktivisms_revival\"><\/span>Hacktivism\u2019s revival?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Irrespective of these criticisms, one can\u2019t help but think that in the new post-pandemic era, with all of us spending much <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-55486157\">more time online<\/a>, these political tactics could become popular again across the political spectrum. In fact, there have already been <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/redrevolution.co.uk\/2019\/04\/19\/anonymous-declare-support-for-extinction-rebellion-in-italy-data-leaked-from-6-organizations\/\">activities<\/a> that indicate hacktivism may be becoming a side-tactic for groups such as <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/extinctionrebellion.uk\/2020\/04\/29\/history-corner-how-murder-in-mexico-birthed-online-civil-disobedience\/\">Extinction Rebellion<\/a>, which has been reconsidering its future tactics in light of restrictions and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/jun\/26\/12-arrested-raids-extinction-rebellion-london-protest\">preemptive arrests<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Hacktivism never went away entirely. Anonymous did in fact reemerge during the summer 2020 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-52879000\">Black Lives Matter<\/a> protests, targeting police forces\u2019 websites with hacks. But we\u2019re still in a transitional period, with organised hacktivist efforts far less common than they were a decade ago.<\/p>\n<p>Yet the stage seems set for a third wave of hacktivism. New protest movements are gradually gaining traction with the public, and hacktivist activity could make for a popular alternative to in-person civil disobedience in a period when many of us are still concerned about COVID-19 transmission.<\/p>\n<p>As <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/press-releases\/worlds-largest-survey-public-opinion-climate-change-majority-people-call-wide\">environmental<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/07\/03\/us\/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html\">anti-discrimination<\/a> movements grow internationally, and their underlying goals <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/climate-change\/news\/george-floyd-protests-us-climate-change-strike-green-movement-a9544566.html\">unite citizens<\/a> on a global scale, it\u2019ll be fascinating to see whether hacktivist tactics can seriously contribute to galvanizing change in an increasingly politicized world.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/163329\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/163329\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/vasileios-karagiannopoulos-704070\">Vasileios Karagiannopoulos<\/a>, Reader in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-portsmouth-1302\">University of Portsmouth<\/a>,\u00a0is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-decade-since-the-year-of-the-hacktivist-online-protests-look-set-to-return-163329\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/decade-since-year-hacktivist-online-protests-return-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#A decade since \u2018the year of the hacktivist\u2019, online protests look set to\u00a0return&#8221; Many of us vaguely remember the word \u201chacktivism\u201d from a decade ago. This was a time before serious ransomware attacks dominated current cybersecurity concerns, when certain hacking techniques were being used to send political messages to governmental and corporate entities. Hacktivism has&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":290658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/07\/Hacktivism-hed-shutterstock_1246949239-copy.jpg&signature=a08bb40b205e8c1913e65b750d5b05fb","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-290657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=290657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290657\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=290657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=290657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=290657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}