{"id":313267,"date":"2021-07-31T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-31T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/what-is-machine-learning\/"},"modified":"2021-07-31T14:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-07-31T11:00:00","slug":"what-is-machine-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"#What Is Machine Learning?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6ade3031bacd1\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6ade3031bacd1\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#Can_Computers_Learn\" >Can Computers Learn?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#Neural_Networks_and_Deep_Neural_Networks\" >Neural Networks and Deep Neural Networks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#Different_Types_of_Learning\" >Different Types of Learning<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#Supervised_Learning\" >Supervised Learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#Unsupervised_Learning\" >Unsupervised Learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#Reinforcement_Learning\" >Reinforcement Learning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/what-is-machine-learning\/#The_Practical_Side_of_AI\" >The Practical Side of AI<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>&#8220;#What Is Machine Learning?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<figure style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"type:primaryImage wp-image-739643 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mans-face-in-smartphone-facial-mapping.jpg?width=398&amp;trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1 400w, https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mans-face-in-smartphone-facial-mapping.jpg?width=1198&amp;trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, 400w, 1200w\" src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mans-face-in-smartphone-facial-mapping.jpg?width=1198&amp;trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"Man's face in a facial recognition app on a smartphone\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" data-crediturl=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/machine-learning-systems-technology-accurate-facial-712489231\" data-credittext=\"Zapp2Photo\/Shutterstock.com\" onload=\"pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"type:primaryImage imagecredit\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/machine-learning-systems-technology-accurate-facial-712489231\">Zapp2Photo\/Shutterstock.com<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>To learn a skill, we gather knowledge, practice carefully, and monitor our performance. Eventually, we become better at that activity. Machine learning is a technique that allows computers to do just that.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"can-computers-learn\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_Computers_Learn\"><\/span>Can Computers Learn?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Defining intelligence is tough. We all know what we mean by intelligence when we say it, but describing it is problematic. Leaving aside emotion and self-awareness, a working de<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">script<\/a>ion could be the ability to learn new skills and absorb knowledge and to apply them to new situations to achieve the desired outcome.<\/p>\n<p>Given the difficulty in defining intelligence, defining artificial intelligence isn\u2019t going to be any easier. So, we\u2019ll cheat a little. If a computing device is able to do something that would usually require human reasoning and intelligence, we\u2019ll say that it\u2019s using artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>For example, smart speakers like the Amazon Echo and Google Nest can hear our spoken instructions, interpret the sounds as words, extract the meaning of the words, and then try to fulfill our request. We might be asking it to play music, answer a question, or <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reviewgeek.com\/11133\/the-best-smart-light-switches-for-your-amazon-echo\/?tag=hotoge-20\">dim the lights<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RELATED:<\/strong> <strong><em>The Best Jokes, <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Game<\/a>s, and Easter Eggs for Google Assistant<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In all but the most trivial interactions, your spoken commands are relayed to powerful computers in the manufacturers\u2019 clouds, where the artificial intelligence heavy-lifting takes place. The command is parsed, the meaning is extracted, and the response is prepared and sent back to the smart speaker.<\/p>\n<p>Machine learning underpins the majority of the artificial intelligence systems that we interact with. Some of these are items in your home like smart devices, and others are part of the services that we use online. The video <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudsavvyit.com\/3647\/build-machine-learning-recommendations-into-your-app-with-aws-personalize\/\">recommendations<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube<\/a> and Netflix and the automatic playlists on Spotify use machine learning. Search engines rely on machine learning, and online shopping uses machine learning to offer you purchase suggestions based on your browsing and purchase history.<\/p>\n<p>Computers can access enormous datasets. They can tirelessly repeat processes thousands of times within the space that it would take a human to perform one iteration\u2014if a human could even manage to do it once. So, if learning requires knowledge, practice, and performance feedback, the computer should be the ideal candidate.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not to say that the computer will be able to really <em>think<\/em> in the human sense, or to understand and perceive as we do. But it will <em>learn<\/em>, and get better with practice.\u00a0Skillfully programmed, a machine-learning system can achieve a decent impression of an aware and conscious entity.<\/p>\n<p>We used to ask, \u201cCan computers learn?\u201d That eventually morphed into a more practical question. What are the engineering challenges that we must overcome to allow computers to learn?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"neural-networks-and-deep-neural-networks\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neural_Networks_and_Deep_Neural_Networks\"><\/span>Neural Networks and Deep Neural Networks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Animals\u2019 brains contain networks of neurons. Neurons can fire signals across a synapse to other neurons. This tiny action\u2014replicated millions of times\u2014gives rise to our thought processes and memories. Out of many simple building blocks, nature created conscious minds and the ability to reason and remember.<\/p>\n<p>Inspired by biological neural networks, artificial neural networks were created to mimic some of the characteristics of their organic counterparts. Since the 1940s, hardware and software have been developed that contain thousands or millions of nodes. The nodes, like neurons, receive signals from other nodes. They can also generate signals to feed into other nodes. Nodes can accept inputs from and send signals to many nodes at once.<\/p>\n<p>If an animal concludes that flying yellow-and-black insects always give it\u00a0a nasty sting, it will avoid all flying yellow-and-black insects. The hoverfly takes advantage of this. It\u2019s yellow and black like a wasp, but it has no sting. Animals that have gotten tangled up with wasps and learned a painful lesson give the hoverfly a wide berth, too. They see a flying insect with a striking color scheme and decide that it\u2019s time to retreat. The fact that the insect can hover\u2014and wasps can\u2019t\u2014isn\u2019t even taken into consideration.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RELATED:<\/strong> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reviewgeek.com\/62217\/this-is-what-happens-when-googles-artificial-intelligence-helps-you-write-poems\/\"><strong><em>This Is What Happens When Google&#8217;s Artificial Intelligence Helps You Write Poems<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The importance of the flying, buzzing, and yellow-and-black s<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/trip-and-travel\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"10\" title=\"Trip &amp; Travel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trip<\/a>es overrides everything else. The importance of those signals is called the\u00a0<em>weighting<\/em>\u00a0of that information. Artificial neural networks can use weighting, too. A node need not consider all of its inputs equal. It can favor some signals over others.<\/p>\n<p>Machine learning uses statistics to find patterns in the datasets that it\u2019s trained on. A dataset might contain words, numbers, images, user interactions such as clicks on a website, or anything else that can be captured and stored digitally.\u00a0The system needs to characterize the essential elements of the query and then match those to patterns that it has detected in the dataset.<\/p>\n<p>If it\u2019s trying to identify a flower, it will need to know the stem length, the size and style of the leaf, the color and number of petals, and so on. In reality, it will need many more facts than those, but in our simple example, we\u2019ll use those. Once the system knows those details about the test specimen, it starts a decision-making process that produces a match from its dataset.\u00a0Impressively, machine-learning systems create the decision tree themselves.<\/p>\n<p>A machine-learning system learns from its mistakes by updating its algorithms to correct flaws in its reasoning. The most sophisticated neural networks are\u00a0<em>deep neural networks<\/em>. Conceptually, these are made up of a great many neural networks layered one on top of another.\u00a0This gives the system the ability to detect and use even tiny patterns in its decision processes.<\/p>\n<p>Layers are commonly used to provide weighting. So-called hidden layers can act as \u201cspecialist\u201d layers. They provide weighted signals about a single characteristic of the test subject. Our flower identification example might perhaps use hidden layers dedicated to the shape of leaves, the size of buds, or stamen lengths.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"different-types-of-learning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Different_Types_of_Learning\"><\/span>Different Types of Learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are three broad techniques used to train machine-learning systems: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"supervised-learning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supervised_Learning\"><\/span>Supervised Learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Supervised learning is the most frequently used form of learning. That isn\u2019t because it\u2019s inherently superior to other techniques. It has more to do with the suitability of this type of learning to the datasets used in the machine-learning systems that are being written today.<\/p>\n<p>In supervised learning, the data is labeled and structured so that the criteria used in the decision-making process are defined for the machine-learning system. This is the type of learning used in the machine-learning systems behind YouTube playlist suggestions.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"unsupervised-learning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unsupervised_Learning\"><\/span>Unsupervised Learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Unsupervised learning doesn\u2019t require data preparation. The data isn\u2019t labeled. The system scans the data, detects its own patterns, and derives its own triggering criteria.<\/p>\n<p>Unsupervised learning techniques have been applied to cybersecurity with high rates of success. Intruder detection systems enhanced by machine learning can detect an intruder\u2019s unauthorized network activity because it doesn\u2019t match the previously observed patterns of behavior of authorized users.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RELATED:<\/strong> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudsavvyit.com\/10609\/how-ai-machine-learning-and-endpoint-security-overlap\/\"><strong><em>How AI, Machine Learning, and Endpoint Security Overlap<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"reinforcement-learning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reinforcement_Learning\"><\/span>Reinforcement Learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Reinforcement learning is the newest of the three techniques. Put simply, a reinforcement learning algorithm uses trial and error and feedback to arrive at an optimal model of behavior to achieve a given objective.<\/p>\n<p>This requires feedback from humans who \u201cscore\u201d the system\u2019s efforts according to whether its behavior has a positive or negative impact in achieving its objective.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-practical-side-of-ai\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Practical_Side_of_AI\"><\/span>The Practical Side of AI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Because it\u2019s so prevalent and has demonstrable real-world successes\u2014including commercial successes\u2014machine learning has been called \u201cthe practical side of artificial intelligence.\u201d It\u2019s big business, and there are many scalable, commercial frameworks that allow you to incorporate machine learning into your own developments or products.<\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t have an immediate need for that type of fire-power but you\u2019re interested in poking around a machine-learning system with a friendly programming language like Python, there are excellent free resources for that, too. In fact, these will scale with you if you do develop a further interest or a business need.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/torch.ch\/\">Torch<\/a> is an open-source machine-learning framework known for its speed.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/#\">Scikit-Learn<\/a>\u00a0is a collection of machine-learning tools, especially for use with Python.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/caffe.berkeleyvision.org\/\">Caffe<\/a> is a deep-learning framework, especially competent at processing images.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/keras.io\/\">Keras<\/a>\u00a0is a deep-learning framework with a Python interface.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n setTimeout(function(){\n  !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n  {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n  n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n  if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n  n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n  t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];\n  s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s) } (window, document,'script',\n  'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n   fbq('init', '335401813750447');\n   fbq('track', 'PageView');\n  },3000);\n<\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. 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Eventually, we become better at that activity. Machine learning is a technique that allows computers to do just that. Can Computers Learn? Defining intelligence is tough. We all know what we mean by intelligence when we say&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":313268,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mans-face-in-smartphone-facial-mapping.jpg?height=200p&trim=2,2,2,2","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-313267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313267\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/313268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=313267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=313267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}