{"id":324419,"date":"2021-08-14T18:00:28","date_gmt":"2021-08-14T15:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/to-achieve-agi-we-need-new-perspectives-on-intelligence\/"},"modified":"2021-08-14T18:00:28","modified_gmt":"2021-08-14T15:00:28","slug":"to-achieve-agi-we-need-new-perspectives-on-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/to-achieve-agi-we-need-new-perspectives-on-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"#To achieve AGI, we need new perspectives on intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a35a9ac8fd55\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a35a9ac8fd55\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/to-achieve-agi-we-need-new-perspectives-on-intelligence\/#Structures_and_phenomena\" >Structures and phenomena<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/to-achieve-agi-we-need-new-perspectives-on-intelligence\/#Intelligence_as_considered_response\" >Intelligence as considered response<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/to-achieve-agi-we-need-new-perspectives-on-intelligence\/#Embodied_artificial_intelligence\" >Embodied artificial intelligence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#To achieve AGI, we need new perspectives on intelligence<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div><em>This article is part of \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/tag\/philosophy-of-ai\/\">the philosophy of artificial intelligence<\/a>,\u201d a <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series<\/a> of posts that explore the ethical, moral, and <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social<\/a> implications of AI today and in the future.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>For decades, scientists have tried to create computational imitations of the brain. And for decades, the holy grail of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2020\/05\/13\/what-is-artificial-general-intelligence-agi\/\">artificial general intelligence<\/a>, computers that can think and act like humans, has continued to elude scientists and researchers.<\/p>\n<p>Why do we continue to replicate some aspects of intelligence but fail to generate systems that can <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/general\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"3\" title=\"General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general<\/a>ize their skills like humans and animals? One computer scientist who has been working on AI for three decades believes that to get past the hurdles of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2020\/04\/09\/what-is-narrow-artificial-intelligence-ani\/\">narrow AI<\/a>, we must look at intelligence from a different and more fundamental perspective.<\/p>\n<p>In <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-65596-9_48\">a paper that was presented at the Brain-Inspired Cognitive Architectures for Artificial Intelligence<\/a> (BICA*AI), Sathyanaraya Raghavachary, Associate Professor of Computer <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a> at the University of Southern California, discusses \u201cconsidered response,\u201d a theory that can generalize to all forms of intelligent life that have evolved and thrived on our planet.<\/p>\n<p>Titled, \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-65596-9_48\">Intelligence\u2014consider this and respond!<\/a>\u201d the paper sheds light on the possible causes of the troubles that have haunted the AI community for decades and draws important conclusions, including the consideration of embodiment as a prerequisite for AGI.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structures_and_phenomena\"><\/span>Structures and phenomena<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cStructures, from the microscopic to human level to cosmic level, organic and inorganic, exhibit (\u2018respond with\u2019) phenomena on account of their spatial and temporal arrangements, under conditions external to the structures,\u201d Raghavachary writes in his paper.<\/p>\n<p>This is a general rule that <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>lies to all sorts of phenomena we see in the world, from ice molecules becoming liquid in response to heat, to sand dunes forming in response to wind, to the solar system\u2019s arrangement.<\/p>\n<p>Raghavachary calls this \u201csphenomics,\u201d a term he coined to differentiate from phenomenology, phenomenality, and phenomenalism.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEverything in the universe, at every scale from subatomic to galactic, can be viewed as physical structures giving rise to appropriate phenomena, in other words, S-&gt;P,\u201d Raghavachary told TechTalks.<\/p>\n<p>Biological structures can be viewed in the same way, Raghavachary believes. In his paper, he notes that the natural world comprises a variety of organisms that respond to their environment. These responses can be seen in simple things such as the survival mechanisms of bacteria, as well as more complex phenomena such as the collective behavior exhibited by bees, ants, and fish as well as the intelligence of humans.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cViewed this way, life processes, of which I consider biological intelligence\u2014and where applicable, even consciousness\u2014occur solely as a result of underlying physical structures,\u201d Raghavachary said. \u201cLife interacting with environment (which includes other life, groups\u2026) also occurs as a result of structures (e.g., brains, snake fangs, sticky pollen\u2026) exhibiting phenomena. The phenomena are the structures\u2019 responses.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Intelligence_as_considered_response\"><\/span>Intelligence as considered response<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter js-lazy\" alt=\"A school of fish in the ocean\" width=\"1394\" height=\"931\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bdtechtalks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/school-of-fish.jpg?ssl=1\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bdtechtalks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/school-of-fish.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"A school of fish in the ocean\" width=\"1394\" height=\"931\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>In inanimate objects, the structures and phenomena are not explicitly evolved or designed to support processes we would call \u201clife\u201d (e.g., a cave producing howling noises as the wind blows by). Conversely, life processes are based on structures that consider and produce response phenomena.<\/p>\n<p>However different these life forms might be, their intelligence shares a common underlying principle, Raghavachary says, one that is \u201csimple, elegant, and extremely widely applicable, and is likely tied to evolution.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In this respect, Raghavachary proposes in his paper that \u201cintelligence is a biological phenomenon tied to evolutionary adaptation, meant to aid an agent survive and reproduce in its environment by interacting with it appropriately\u2014it is one of <strong>considered response<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The considered response theory is different from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2019\/12\/03\/francois-chollet-arc-ai-measurement\/\">traditional definitions of intelligence and AI<\/a>, which focus on high-level computational processing such as reasoning, planning, goal-seeking, and problem-solving in general. Raghavachary says that the problem with the usual AI branches\u2014<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2019\/11\/18\/what-is-symbolic-artificial-intelligence\/\">symbolic<\/a>, connectionist, goal-driven\u2014is not that they are computational but that they are digital.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDigital computation of intelligence has\u2014pardon the pun\u2014no analog in the natural world,\u201d Raghavachary said. \u201cDigital computations are always going to be an indirect, inadequate substitute for mimicking biological intelligence \u2013 because they are not part of the S-&gt;P chains that underlie natural intelligence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s no doubt that the digital computation of intelligence has yielded impressive results, including the variety of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2019\/08\/05\/what-is-artificial-neural-network-ann\/\">deep neural network architectures<\/a> that are powering applications from computer vision to natural language processing. But despite the similarity of their results to what we perceive in humans, what they are doing is different from what the brain does, Raghavachary says.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cconsidered response\u201d theory zooms back and casts a wider net that all forms of intelligence, including those that don\u2019t fit the problem-solving paradigm.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI view intelligence as considered response in that sense, emanating from physical structures in our bodies and brains. CR naturally fits within the S-&gt;P paradigm,\u201d Raghavachary said.<\/p>\n<p>Developing a theory of intelligence around the S-&gt;P principle can help overcome many of the hurdles that have frustrated the AI community for decades, Raghavachary believes. One of these hurdles is simulating the real world, a hot area of research in robotics and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2018\/09\/17\/self-driving-cars-ai-computer-vision\/\">self-driving cars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStructure-&gt;phenomena are computation-free, and can interact with each other with arbitrary complexity,\u201d Raghavachary says. \u201cSimulating such complexity in a VR simulation is simply untenable. Simulation of S-&gt;P in a machine will always remain exactly that, a simulation.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Embodied_artificial_intelligence\"><\/span>Embodied artificial intelligence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter js-lazy\" alt=\"Prismatic light falling on a human hand\" width=\"1296\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/bdtechtalks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hand.jpg?ssl=1\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/bdtechtalks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hand.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"Prismatic light falling on a human hand\" width=\"1296\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>A lot of work in the AI field is what is known as \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brain_in_a_vat\">brain in a vat<\/a>\u201d solutions. In such approaches, the AI software component is separated from the hardware that interacts with the world. For example, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2021\/01\/28\/deep-learning-explainer\/\">deep learning models<\/a> can be trained on millions of images to detect and classify objects. While those images have been collected from the real world, the deep learning model has not directly experienced them.<\/p>\n<p>While such approaches can help solve specific problems, they will not move us toward artificial general intelligence, Raghavachary believes.<\/p>\n<p>In his paper, he notes that there is not a single example of \u201cbrain in a vat\u201d in nature\u2019s diverse array of intelligent lifeforms. And thus, the considered response theory of intelligence suggests that artificial general intelligence requires agents that can have a direct embodied experience of the world.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBrains are always housed in bodies, in exchange for which they help nurture and protect the body in numerous ways (depending on the complexity of the organism),\u201d he writes.<\/p>\n<p>Bodies provide brains with several advantages, including situatedness, sense of self, agency, free will, and more advanced concepts such as theory of mind (the ability to predict other the experience of another agent based on your own) and model-free learning (the ability to experience first and reason later).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA human AGI without a body is bound to be, for all practical purposes, a disembodied \u2018zombie\u2019 of sorts, lacking genuine understanding of the world (with its myriad forms, natural phenomena, beauty, etc.) including its human inhabitants, their motivations, habits, customs, behavior, etc. the agent would need to fake all these,\u201d Raghavachary writes.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, an embodied AGI system would need a body that matches its brain, and both need to be designed for the specific kind of environment it will be working in.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe, made of matter and structures, directly interact with structures, whose phenomena we \u2018experience\u2019. Experience cannot be digitally computed\u2014it needs to be actively acquired via a body,\u201d Raghavachary said. \u201cTo me, there is simply no substitute for direct experience.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In a nutshell, the considered response theory suggests that suitable pairings of synthetic brains and bodies that directly engage with the world should be considered life-like, and appropriately intelligent, and\u2014depending on the functions enabled in the hardware\u2014possibly conscious.<\/p>\n<p>This means that you can create any kind of robot and make it intelligent by equipping it with a brain that matches its body and sensory experience.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSuch agents do not need to be anthropomorphic\u2014they could have unusual designs, structures and functions that would produce intelligent behavior alien to our own (e.g., an octopus-like design, with brain functions distributed throughout the body),\u201d Raghavachary said. \u201cThat said, the most relatable human-level AI would likely be best housed in a human-like agent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><i><span>This article was originally published by Ben Dickson on\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/\"><i><span>TechTalks<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span>, a publication that examines trends in <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a>, how they affect the way we live and do business, and the problems they solve. But we also discuss the evil side of technology, the darker implications of new tech, and what we need to look out for. You can read the original article\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bdtechtalks.com\/2021\/08\/05\/artificial-intelligence-considered-response\/\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/create-artificial-general-intelligence-we-need-reevaluate-intelligence-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#To achieve AGI, we need new perspectives on intelligence&#8221; This article is part of \u201cthe philosophy of artificial intelligence,\u201d a series of posts that explore the ethical, moral, and social implications of AI today and in the future. For decades, scientists have tried to create computational imitations of the brain. And for decades, the holy&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":324420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/neural?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/08\/AGI-general-artificial-intelligence-hed.jpg&signature=f4adb7fb5b7bd7307f7b1303a8ec6b6e","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-324419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=324419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324419\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/324420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=324419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=324419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=324419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}