{"id":345931,"date":"2021-09-29T17:46:08","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T14:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/"},"modified":"2021-09-29T17:46:08","modified_gmt":"2021-09-29T14:46:08","slug":"beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/","title":{"rendered":"#Beethoven never finished his 10th Symphony. Computer scientists just did"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6aef7e744bfe9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6aef7e744bfe9\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/#Past_attempts_hit_a_wall\" >Past attempts hit a wall<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/#Assembling_the_team\" >Assembling the team<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/#The_project_takes_shape\" >The project takes shape<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/#Piecing_together_Beethovens_creative_process\" >Piecing together Beethoven\u2019s creative process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/#Passing_the_first_big_test\" >Passing the first big test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/beethoven-never-finished-his-10th-symphony-computer-scientists-just-did\/#Ready_for_the_world\" >Ready for the world<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Beethoven never finished his 10th Symphony. Computer scientists just did<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>When Ludwig von Beethoven died in 1827, he was three years removed from the completion of his Ninth Symphony, a work heralded by many as his magnum opus. He had started work on his 10th Symphony but, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1071597\/\">due to deteriorating health<\/a>, wasn\u2019t able to make much headway: All he left behind were some musical sketches.<\/p>\n<p>Ever since then, Beethoven fans and musicologists have puzzled and lamented over what could have been. His notes teased at some magnificent reward, albeit one that seemed forever out of reach.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.net\/embed\/iframe\/wkot1zfukh?videoFoam=true&amp;autoPlay=true\" title=\"\" allowtransparency=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wistia_embed\" name=\"wistia_embed\" allowfullscreen=\"\" msallowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Now, thanks to the work of a team of music historians, musicologists, composers, and computer scientists, Beethoven\u2019s vision will come to life.<\/p>\n<p>I presided over the artificial intelligence side of the project, leading a group of scientists at the creative AI startup <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.playform.io\/\">Playform AI<\/a> that taught a machine both Beethoven\u2019s entire body of work and his creative process.<\/p>\n<p>A full recording of Beethoven\u2019s 10th Symphony is set to be released on Oct. 9, 2021, the same day as the world premiere performance scheduled to take place in Bonn, Germany \u2013 the culmination of a two-year-plus effort.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Past_attempts_hit_a_wall\"><\/span>Past attempts hit a wall<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Around 1817, the Royal Philharmonic Society in London commissioned Beethoven to write his Ninth and 10th symphonies. Written for an orchestra, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/professordeannaheikkinen.weebly.com\/uploads\/1\/6\/8\/5\/16856420\/classical_music_form.pdf\">symphonies often contain four movements<\/a>: the first is performed at a fast tempo, the second at a slower one, the third at a medium or fast tempo, and the last at a fast tempo.<\/p>\n<p>Beethoven completed his <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/online-learning.harvard.edu\/course\/first-nights-beethoven%E2%80%99s-9th-symphony-and-19th-century-orchestra?delta=1\">Ninth Symphony<\/a> in 1824, which concludes with the timeless \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uooe16ILaPo\">Ode to Joy<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But when it came to the 10th Symphony, Beethoven didn\u2019t leave much behind, other than some musical notes and a handful of ideas he had jotted down.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Piece of paper with musical notes jotted on it.\" width=\"600\" height=\"411\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=411&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=411&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=411&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=517&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=517&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=517&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Piece of paper with musical notes jotted on it.\" width=\"600\" height=\"411\" class=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=411&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=411&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=411&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=517&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=517&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/422733\/original\/file-20210922-13-128nrmx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=517&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fneural%2F2021%2F09%2F29%2Fcomputer-scientists-completed-beethoven-10th-symphony-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: A page of Beethoven\u2019s notes for his planned 10th Symphony. Beethoven House Museum, CC BY-SA\" data-title=\"Share A page of Beethoven\u2019s notes for his planned 10th Symphony. Beethoven House Museum, CC BY-SA on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share A page of Beethoven\u2019s notes for his planned 10th Symphony. Beethoven House Museum, CC BY-SA on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>A page of Beethoven\u2019s notes for his planned 10th Symphony. Beethoven House Museum, CC BY-SA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>There have been some past attempts to reconstruct parts of Beethoven\u2019s 10th Symphony. Most famously, in 1988, musicologist Barry Cooper ventured to complete the first and second movements. He wove together 250 bars of music from the sketches to create what was, in his view, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090203234337\/http:\/\/lucare.com\/immortal\/cooper.html\">a production of the first movement<\/a> that was faithful to Beethoven\u2019s vision.<\/p>\n<p>Yet the sparseness of Beethoven\u2019s sketches made it impossible for symphony experts to go beyond that first movement.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assembling_the_team\"><\/span>Assembling the team<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In early 2019, Dr. Matthias R\u00f6der, the director of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/karajan-institut.org\/\">the Karajan Institute<\/a>, an organization in Salzburg, Austria, that promotes music <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a>, contacted me. He explained that he was putting together a team to complete Beethoven\u2019s 10th Symphony in celebration of the composer\u2019s 250th birthday. Aware of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/meet-aican-a-machine-that-operates-as-an-autonomous-artist-104381\">my work on AI-generated art<\/a>, he wanted to know if AI would be able to help fill in the blanks left by Beethoven.<\/p>\n<p>The challenge seemed daunting. To pull it off, AI would need to do something it had never done before. But I said I would give it a shot.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f6der then compiled a team that included Austrian composer Walter Werzowa. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1999-oct-20-fi-24321-story.html\">Famous for writing<\/a> Intel\u2019s <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-ihRPi4wcBY\">signature bong jingle<\/a>, Werzowa was tasked with putting together a new kind of composition that would integrate what Beethoven left behind with what the AI would generate. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/music.cornell.edu\/mark-gotham\">Mark Gotham<\/a>, a computational music expert, led the effort to transcribe Beethoven\u2019s sketches and process his entire body of work so the AI could be properly trained.<\/p>\n<p>The team also included <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/music.fas.harvard.edu\/emeriti.shtml\">Robert Levin<\/a>, a musicologist at Harvard University who also h<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ens to be an incredible pianist. Levin <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/journal.juilliard.edu\/journal\/95031\/robert-levin-finishing-mozart\">had previously finished<\/a> a number of incomplete 18th-century works by Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_project_takes_shape\"><\/span>The project takes shape<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In June 2019, the group gathered for a two-day workshop at Harvard\u2019s music library. In a large room with a piano, a blackboard, and a stack of Beethoven\u2019s sketchbooks spanning most of his known works, we talked about how fragments could be turned into a complete piece of music and how AI could help solve this puzzle, while still remaining faithful to Beethoven\u2019s process and vision.<\/p>\n<p>The music experts in the room were eager to learn more about the sort of music AI had created in the past. I told them how AI had successfully generated music <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1612.01010\">in the style of Bach<\/a>. However, this was only a harmonization of an inputted melody that sounded like Bach. It didn\u2019t come close to what we needed to do: construct an entire symphony from a handful of phrases.<\/p>\n<p>The task at hand eventually crystallized. We would need to use notes and completed compositions from Beethoven\u2019s entire body of work \u2013 along with the available sketches from the 10th Symphony \u2013 to create something that Beethoven himself might have written. Meanwhile, the scientists in the room \u2013 myself included \u2013 wanted to learn about what sort of materials were available, and how the experts envisioned using them to complete the symphony.<\/p>\n<p>This was a tremendous challenge. We didn\u2019t have a machine that we could feed sketches to, push a button, and have it spit out a symphony. Most AI available at the time couldn\u2019t continue an uncompleted piece of music beyond a few additional seconds.<\/p>\n<p>We would need to push the boundaries of what creative AI could do by teaching the machine Beethoven\u2019s creative process \u2013 how he would take a few bars of music and painstakingly develop them into stirring symphonies, quartets and sonatas.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Piecing_together_Beethovens_creative_process\"><\/span>Piecing together Beethoven\u2019s creative process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As the project progressed, the human side and the machine side of the collaboration evolved. Werzowa, Gotham, Levin, and R\u00f6der deciphered and transcribed the sketches from the 10th Symphony, trying to understand Beethoven\u2019s intentions. Using his completed symphonies as a template, they attempted to piece together the puzzle of where the fragments of sketches should go \u2013 which movement, which part of the movement.<\/p>\n<p>They had to make decisions, like determining whether a sketch indicated the starting point of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-scherzo\/\">a scherzo<\/a>, which is a very lively part of the symphony, typically in the third movement. Or they might determine that a line of music was likely the basis of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-fugue\/\">a fugue<\/a>, which is a melody created by interweaving parts that all echo a central theme.<\/p>\n<p>The AI side of the project \u2013 my side \u2013 found itself grappling with a range of challenging tasks.<\/p>\n<p>First, and most fundamentally, we needed to figure out how to take a short phrase, or even just a motif, and use it to develop a longer, more complicated musical structure, just as Beethoven would have done. For example, the machine had to learn how Beethoven constructed the Fifth Symphony <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/deceptivecadence\/2012\/11\/19\/165495617\/beethovens-famous-4-notes-truly-revolutionary-music\">out of a basic four-note motif<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Next, because the continuation of a phrase also needs to follow a certain musical form, whether it\u2019s a scherzo, trio or fugue, the AI needed to learn Beethoven\u2019s process for developing these forms.<\/p>\n<p>The to-do list grew: We had to teach the AI how to take a melodic line and harmonize it. The AI needed to learn how to bridge two sections of music together. And we realized the AI had to be able to compose <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/art\/coda-music\">a coda<\/a>, which is a segment that brings a section of a piece of music to its conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, once we had a full composition, the AI was going to have to figure out how to orchestrate it, which involves assigning different instruments for different parts.<\/p>\n<p>And it had to pull off these tasks in the way Beethoven might do so.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Passing_the_first_big_test\"><\/span>Passing the first big test<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In November 2019, the team met in person again \u2013 this time, in Bonn, at the Beethoven House Museum, where the composer was born and raised.<\/p>\n<p>This meeting was the litmus test for determining whether AI could complete this project. We printed musical scores that had been developed by AI and built off the sketches from Beethoven\u2019s 10th. A pianist performed in a small concert hall in the museum before a group of journalists, music scholars and Beethoven experts.<\/p>\n<p>We challenged the audience to determine where Beethoven\u2019s phrases ended and where the AI extrapolation began. They couldn\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p>A few days later, one of these AI-generated scores was played by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Hu1GI0QNLSE\">a string quartet in a news conference<\/a>. Only those who intimately knew Beethoven\u2019s sketches for the 10th Symphony could determine when the AI-generated parts came in.<\/p>\n<p>The success of these tests told us we were on the right track. But these were just a couple of minutes of music. There was still much more work to do.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ready_for_the_world\"><\/span>Ready for the world<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>At every point, Beethoven\u2019s genius loomed, challenging us to do better. As the project evolved, the AI did as well. Over the ensuing 18 months, we constructed and orchestrated two entire movements of more than 20 minutes apiece.<\/p>\n<p>We anticipate some pushback to this work \u2013 those who will say that the arts should be off-limits from AI, and that AI has no business trying to replicate the human creative process. Yet when it comes to the arts, I see AI not as a replacement, but as a tool \u2013 one that opens doors for artists to express themselves in new ways.<\/p>\n<p>This project would not have been possible without the expertise of human historians and musicians. It took an immense amount of work \u2013 and, yes, creative thinking \u2013 to accomplish this goal.<\/p>\n<p>At one point, one of the music experts on the team said that the AI reminded him of an eager music student who practices every day, learns, and becomes better and better.<\/p>\n<p>Now that student, having taken the baton from Beethoven, is ready to present the 10th Symphony to the world.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/ahmed-elgammal-142521\">Ahmed Elgammal<\/a>, Professor, Director of the Art &amp; AI Lab, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/rutgers-university-1240\">Rutgers University<\/a>, is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-a-team-of-musicologists-and-computer-scientists-completed-beethovens-unfinished-10th-symphony-168160\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/computer-scientists-completed-beethoven-10th-symphony-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Beethoven never finished his 10th Symphony. Computer scientists just did&#8221; When Ludwig von Beethoven died in 1827, he was three years removed from the completion of his Ninth Symphony, a work heralded by many as his magnum opus. He had started work on his 10th Symphony but, due to deteriorating health, wasn\u2019t able to make&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":345932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/neural?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/09\/beethoven-robot.jpeg&signature=074686de2232d28e5d5d9292696718bd","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-345931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=345931"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345931\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/345932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=345931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=345931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=345931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}