{"id":370333,"date":"2021-11-21T18:17:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T15:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/"},"modified":"2021-11-21T18:17:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T15:17:00","slug":"how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/","title":{"rendered":"# How liquid staking disrupts parachain auctions on Polkadot"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a32cfd98d48c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a32cfd98d48c\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#The_concept_of_liquid_staking\" >The concept of liquid staking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Liquid_staking_and_crowdloans_on_Polkadot\" >Liquid staking and crowdloans on Polkadot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Liquid_DOTs_traction_so_far\" >Liquid DOT\u2019s traction so far<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Acala\" >Acala<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Parallel\" >Parallel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Bifrost\" >Bifrost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Equilibrium\" >Equilibrium<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#Is_liquid_DOT_staking_bulletproof\" >Is liquid DOT staking bulletproof?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\/#The_bottom_line\" >The bottom line<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong># How liquid staking disrupts parachain auctions on Polkadot <\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-content\" data-v-128018ef>A crowd loan is a Polkadot (DOT) crowdsourcing event in Polkadot that allows the community to support project bids in upcoming parachain slot auctions. Users contribute DOT, receive rewards in project tokens and get their DOT back in two years (a standard slot lease duration). This mechanic helps projects raise substantial capital in DOT tokens that may even exceed a few hundred million in dollar notion value.<\/p>\n<p>The obvious downside for users is the need to lock their DOT for two years where they don\u2019t have access to their liquidity during this lockup period. <\/p>\n<p>In mainstream finance, there are private companies and initial public offering (IPO) lockup agreements. The lockup agreements prohibit company insiders \u2014 including employees, their friends, family and venture capitalists \u2014 from selling their shares for a set period of time. These shares are \u201clocked up\u201d to ensure that their owners don\u2019t enter the public market too soon after the public offering.<\/p>\n<p>To work around restrictions on lockup stocks, people could enter arrangements where they lock in their gains or even get some money in advance toward the day they can sell their holdings. Corporate lawyers started prohibiting these arrangements because they would create unnecessary market pressure and, in some cases, introduce the legal risks that lockups intend to avoid.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_concept_of_liquid_staking\"><\/span>The concept of liquid staking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fortunately, this scrutiny has nothing to do with the blockchain realm that is not restricted by the concerns of private lawyers. We may very well create claim rights on the locked assets by issuing a special type of derivative tokens that represent these rights on the underlying principal assets. <\/p>\n<p>Derivative tokens are usually minted at a 1-to-1 ratio for the locked tokens. They can be issued by a liquid staking provider if users send initial assets to their custodian address or the target staking protocol may send derivative tokens directly to every depositor to simplify accounting. The latter mechanism is widely used in Ethereum-based automated market makers (AMMs) and pooled lending protocols that issue liquidity pool tokens \u2014 e.g., AAVE, Compound, or Curve.<\/p>\n<p>In any case, there is always a clear arbitrage between the market and the eventual custodian. Every user can claim underlying at some point by submitting derivative tokens back to the staking protocol. If the arbitrage is im<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media<\/a>te, the ratio between derivative tokens and locked assets nears 1-to-1. Otherwise, it may deviate depending on how fast the underlying can be unlocked. <\/p>\n<p>This concept opens up an emergent market for many decentralized finance (DeFi) projects. You may already see quite a few of them bringing liquidity for various types of collateral, active stakes in proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols and other non-fluid assets. For instance, Lido has absorbed over $6.7 billion worth Ether (ETH) staked in Ethereum 2.0 (which is almost 19% of all ETH <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/etherscan.io\/address\/0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa\">staked<\/a> in Ethereum 2.0 deposit contract). Marinade Finance managed to get over $1.6 billion worth of Solana\u2019s SOL locked via its protocol on Solana.<\/p>\n<p>The success of liquid staking providers is highly dependent on the potential size of locked assets and the activeness of investors they target. <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Liquid_staking_and_crowdloans_on_Polkadot\"><\/span>Liquid staking and crowdloans on Polkadot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The design of Polkadot crowdloans quite naturally marries with liquid staking too. The anticipated volume of liquidity to be locked in crowdloans may reach 20% of the DOT supply (which comes to an impressive eight billion U.S. dollars). Secondly, crowdloan participants are usually the most active investors who always look for maximizing their gains. Liquid staking seems to be an attractive opportunity for them. <\/p>\n<p>Certainly, the most advanced DeFi teams of Polkadot are already leveraging this use case. Each of them has introduced its version of liquid DOT that is minted on their chains at a 1-to-1 ratio for initial DOT locked via their platforms. This is what these projects are currently offering for their users: <\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/f294edd3-d507-4e5e-8f48-2b0bdc1278b3.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>Liquid staking is pretty much an excellent opportunity for Polkadot-based DeFi projects to boost their total value locked (TVL) significantly from the get-go. Liquid DOT will be the liquidity that sticks with them for the whole parachain lease period of two years. <\/p>\n<p>Major market players could not miss this opportunity as well. For instance, there is a liquid DOT introduced by Binance, called BDOT, and the exchange plans to make use of that liquidity both in trading and speculation. But, we will be considering only liquid staking by ecosystem projects, so Binance USD (BUSD) and wr<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ers on other exchanges will be out of our today\u2019s scope. <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Liquid_DOTs_traction_so_far\"><\/span>Liquid DOT\u2019s traction so far<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Before we delve into the actual mechanics behind each setup, let&#8217;s consider some numbers we\u2019ve gathered as of November 15 at 9:00 pm UTC: <\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/c530d63d-312a-4490-9817-eea574dbb104.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>As we can see, definite leaders here are Parallel and Acala. Acala handles this huge amount thanks to its primary positioning as a top project in the ecosystem. Parallel managed to get a good head start by offering to DOT contributors bonuses in Parallel\u2019s native token PARA, as well as special bonuses from supported projects. <\/p>\n<p>Equilibrium has also announced additional bonuses in its native token EQ on every DOT locked via its xDOT platform. Besides bonuses, the project has launched a referral program that allows earning EQ on every stake to xDOT via referral links. <\/p>\n<p>As such, crowd loan investors can enjoy an exclusive opportunity to earn regular crowd loan rewards while keeping their DOT liquid and get extra rewards from liquid staking on top. Seems like these pleasant additional benefits may even increase over time as competition between liquid staking providers is heating up. <\/p>\n<p>Now that we looked at the landscape, let\u2019s have a look at each project in greater detail.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acala\"><\/span>Acala<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Users will contribute DOT using Acala&#8217;s Liquid Crowdloan DOT (lcDOT) option in Acala\u2019s crowd loan. Contributions go to the Acala proxy account managed by the Acala Foundation. Users receive 1 lcDOT for every 1 DOT locked. Users will also receive Cardano (ACA), though it&#8217;s not clear if those will be attributed to initial DOT contributors or lcDOT holders. For now, lcDOT supports contributions only for one project, Acala. <\/p>\n<p>lcDOT can be used as collateral for minting the Acala dollar decentralized stablecoin (aUSD). Also, it will likely be listed on their Uniswap-like AMM for pairs with DOT and Liquid DOT (LDOT).<\/p>\n<p>At first, Acala will be collecting DOT on a proxy account controlled by a multisignature wallet from the Acala Foundation. When the Acala parachain is live, the ownership of the proxy account will be transferred from the multisig to the Acala parachain account that is fully trustless and controlled by Acala&#8217;s on-chain governance.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/0e2f0ac9-34e2-44c1-8ec3-809d523d12c0.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>Despite a substantial 80%+ share of whales and institutions, that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/p\/paretoprinciple.asp\">confirms<\/a> the Pareto rule once again, we see an impressive number of contributions from retail users. Furthermore, there is no other option to contribute to Alcala&#8217;s crowd loan on its website, rather than lcDOT. Given the outrageous 27 million DOT collected during its crowd loan, this retail activity is quite expectable.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parallel\"><\/span>Parallel <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Users will contribute DOT using Parallel\u2019s cDOT mechanics. Parallel supports multiple projects and offers extra bonuses both in PARA tokens and from their \u201cpartner\u201d projects to users participating in crowdloans via cDOT. <\/p>\n<p>Parallel\u2019s cDOT tokens will be launched when Parallel secures a parachain slot. These tokens will be used inside Parallel\u2019s DeFi system as collateral to borrow stuff or as a lending asset on their compound-like money market protocol.<\/p>\n<p>The technical setup is similar to all of the above where initially, there will be a multisig custody of user contributions that will vote for other projects collectively. There is no open information on the multisig participants at the time of writing.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/bc18751d-89a3-480b-9577-8af955eb3a64.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>It is quite predictable that most of DOT are staked for Parallel. Their website doesn\u2019t offer any other options to participate in their crowdloan but cDOT. <\/p>\n<p>It remains unclear how Parallel is going to support Moonbeam crowdloan purely from a technical perspective, as Moonbeam\u2019s parachain doesn\u2019t include a multisignature pallet for now. It may be even impossible to distribute Moonbeam\u2019s crowdloan rewards in GIMR, Moonbeam native token, that will arrive at Parallel\u2019s address managed under multisignature permissions. Despite that, the amount of DOT they collected for Moonbeam is impressive.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/8f0bf1ca-3689-4872-a3df-5b98ddd42a4d.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>Interestingly enough, the picture is very similar to Acala\u2019s. Parallel even has one single mega-contribution of 1.5 million DOT from a single address that pledged DOT for Astar, Clover, Moonbeam and Parallel. <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bifrost\"><\/span>Bifrost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Users will contribute DOT using Bifrost\u2019s SALP protocol. SALP supports several projects which are technically suitable for handling multisig transactions. Bifrost offers its users two types of tokens: vsBond and vsToken. vsBonds are tied to particular projects and allow to collect crowd loan rewards.<\/p>\n<p>They are tradeable on the \u201cbuy-in-price\u201d pending orders exchange. vsTokens, on the other hand, are not tied to any particular project and allow users to redeem DOT at the end of the lease period when combined with corresponding vsBonds. vsTokens trade in a Bancor and 1-to-1 peg pool at maturity. vsBond and vsTokens may also be used inside Bifrost\u2019s DeFi ecosystem. <\/p>\n<p>Technically, the solution is similar to Acala\u2019s. Initially, until Bifrost is not a parachain, they will use a multisig address controlled by Bifrost. After the project wins a parachain slot, the multisig control will be passed over to the parachain account. A prerequisite for that is the flawless functioning of Polkadot\u2019s XCM protocol. <\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/6e14a378-8a1c-4413-8d4a-f292baacbc4f.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>Astar is the clear beneficiary here specifically thanks to the single fat stake of 300,000 DOT. This money comes from DFG, a venture capitalist (VC) firm that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dfg-official.medium.com\/dfg-contributes-300-000-dot-to-astars-crowdloan-effort-8370f6140c1f\">contributed<\/a> to Astar\u2019s crowd loan via Bifrost\u2019s liquid DOT solution.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/e3b8e766-e4b6-401b-aede-04b49e084336.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>Similar to Acala and Parallel, the Pareto rule perfectly works here as well, as the share of institutions hovers around 80% of the total DOT stake. Though in the Bifrost case, whales largely dominate over retail and average investors compared to the first two projects. <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Equilibrium\"><\/span>Equilibrium<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Users contribute DOT via Equilibrium using its xDOT. Equilibrium supports projects that are technically capable of handling multisig transactions. Equilibrium also reportedly offers Ledger support for users who will contribute to Equilibrium via the xDOT platform. <\/p>\n<p>There will be one xDOT token for different projects available while Equilibrium will be handling xDOT and project tokens separately. Equilibrium will price xDOT on a special purpose-yield AMM and promises to issue these tokens first in Genshiro (their Kusama-based canary network). Then, xDOT will be launched in Equilibrium once the project obtains a parchain slot on Polkadot. xDOT use cases on Genshiro include borrowing, lending and using them as margin to trade. <\/p>\n<p>Equilibrium\u2019s technical solution uses a multisignature wallet as well. It\u2019s noteworthy that keys of this multisig are <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/EquilibriumDeFi\/status\/1458427452653543430\">held<\/a> by known VCs including Signum Capital, DFG, Genesis Block Ventures and PNYX. <\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/22ffecef-bf64-4dc7-85bf-34abb6978703.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>It is quite expectable that the stake for Equilibrium as an xDOT originator overtakes most others. Like in Bifrost, Astar keeps a leading position and this most likely testifies the efficiency of Astar\u2019s business development efforts and its partnership bonuses.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/2bfcea41-e1ca-4972-af22-6c013b88b0c7.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>Opposed to Bifrost, the activity of retail users in xDOT prevails over other groups of investors. The project has yet to onboard as many institutions, based on the numbers above. However, Equilibrium\u2019s bonus program that accrues extra EQ tokens on DOT contributed via xDOT may become quite attractive to large stakeholders.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_liquid_DOT_staking_bulletproof\"><\/span>Is liquid DOT staking bulletproof?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Now that we\u2019ve looked into each project in greater detail, we might still want to clarify some other questions. The first natural one is what additional utility projects are offered on their liquid DOT, as users may essentially want to do something with their liquidity. Otherwise, what\u2019s the real use of it? <\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Related: <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>The evolution of DeFi and its unique token distribution mechanics<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This largely depends on the feature set of the underlying projects. Another aspect is how fast they will be able to interconnect with other projects that might be willing to support those tokens. We can judge initial use cases on a project-by-project basis from the information we acquired above.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.cointelegraph.com\/uploads\/2021-11\/e9969837-1322-41f6-a137-fcf767d5ee56.png\"><\/figure>\n<p>It looks like there are potential use cases for liquid DOT, and its further acceptance across the ecosystem will largely depend on the success of business development efforts. The one who manages to persuade other ecosystem participants to use their liquid DOT will benefit the most in the long run.<\/p>\n<p>The next question is related to the redistribution of bonuses. If users contribute via liquid DOT mechanics, will they be entitled to the bonuses projects offer for \u201cclassical\u201d trustless contributions? <\/p>\n<p>There is not much info circulating about this right now, but from what we know, Acala will offer all of the bonuses it offers to its regular participants. Parallel has talked at least with two projects to offer extra crowd loan bonuses while Equilibrium and Bifrost will most likely be able to support the common bonus structure of crowd loans. However, this can drastically change further as nothing prevents Equilibrium or Bifrost from making similar arrangements with projects running their campaigns.<\/p>\n<p>Last but not least, how secure is the technical setup? Given the number of hacks in DeFi, this question becomes crucially important. <\/p>\n<p>The approach here is similar across the board: a custodian address for DOT managed under multisignature permissions at the start. And, it\u2019s a reasonable solution, as multisigs have become a golden industry standard for secure asset storage. Once the project issuing liquid DOT becomes a parachain, the setup will become fully trustless.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Related: <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>How much intrigue is behind Kusama\u2019s parachain auctions?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_bottom_line\"><\/span>The bottom line<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Liquid DOT is a beautiful mechanism to unleash the liquidity of locked-up DOT that has attracted the attention of multiple projects in the ecosystem. However, all of them offer somewhat similar technical solutions. <\/p>\n<p>The extent to which these different liquid DOT variations (lcDOT, cDOT, vsBond, or xDOT) will successfully mature largely depends on the business strategies those projects will undergo and how much utility they can provide to their DOT derivatives.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-content__disclaimer\"><em>This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"post-content__disclaimer\"><em>The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author\u2019s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.<\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 10px;\"><strong>Alex Melikhov<\/strong> is the CEO and founder of Equilibrium, an interoperable DeFi conglomerate on Polkadot comprised of a cross-chain lending platform and order book-based decentralized exchange. With over 14 years of entrepreneurial and fintech experience, Alex has been involved in the cryptocurrency world since 2013. His current project, Equilibrium, aims to solve the problem of liquidity fragmentation in DeFi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><template data-name=\"subscription_form\" data-type=\"defi_newsletter\"><\/template><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News<\/a> articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/general\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">General category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/how-liquid-staking-disrupts-parachain-auctions-on-polkadot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;# How liquid staking disrupts parachain auctions on Polkadot &#8221; A crowd loan is a Polkadot (DOT) crowdsourcing event in Polkadot that allows the community to support project bids in upcoming parachain slot auctions. Users contribute DOT, receive rewards in project tokens and get their DOT back in two years (a standard slot lease duration)&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":370334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/images.cointelegraph.com\/images\/1200_aHR0cHM6Ly9zMy5jb2ludGVsZWdyYXBoLmNvbS91cGxvYWRzLzIwMjEtMTEvNmQ5ODNjZjgtMDc3ZS00ZWZmLWI4OWMtNjU5MDhlMmYxMzQxLmpwZw==.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[74867,74894,74868,74891,75168,67880],"class_list":["post-370333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-altcoin","tag-blockchain","tag-defi","tag-ethereum","tag-polkadot","tag-auction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=370333"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370333\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/370334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=370333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=370333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=370333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}