{"id":377100,"date":"2021-12-06T15:30:57","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T12:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/private-space-stations-are-coming-what-can-tourists-expect\/"},"modified":"2021-12-06T15:30:57","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T12:30:57","slug":"private-space-stations-are-coming-what-can-tourists-expect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/private-space-stations-are-coming-what-can-tourists-expect\/","title":{"rendered":"#Private space stations are coming. What can tourists expect?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a26b6dac44d5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a26b6dac44d5\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/private-space-stations-are-coming-what-can-tourists-expect\/#Commercializing_life_in_space\" >Commercializing life in space<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/private-space-stations-are-coming-what-can-tourists-expect\/#But_how_are_space_stations_actually_used\" >But how are space stations actually used?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/private-space-stations-are-coming-what-can-tourists-expect\/#Society_and_culture_in_space\" >Society and culture in space<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Private space stations are coming. What can tourists expect?<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>A new era of space stations is about to kick off. NASA has announced <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/news\/nasa-awards-blue-origin-nanoracks-northrop-grumman-over-400m-in-contracts-to-avoid-space-station-gap\">three commercial space station proposals<\/a> for development, joining an earlier proposal by Axiom Space.<\/p>\n<p>These proposals are the first attempts to create places for humans to live and work in space outside the framework of government space agencies. They\u2019re part of what has been called \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/About_Us\/Ministerial_Council_2016\/What_is_space_4.0\">Space 4.0<\/a>\u201d, where space <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> is driven by commercial opportunities. Many believe this is what it will take to get humans to Mars and beyond.<\/p>\n<p>There are currently two occupied space stations in low Earth orbit (less than 2,000km above Earth\u2019s surface), both belonging to space agencies. The <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-to-live-in-space-what-weve-learned-from-20-years-of-the-international-space-station-144851\">International Space Station<\/a> (ISS) has been occupied since November 2000 with a typical population of seven crew members. The first module of the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/chinas-tiangong-space-station-what-it-is-what-its-for-and-how-to-see-it-160456\">Chinese station Tiangong<\/a> was launched in April 2021, and is intermittently occupied by three crew.<\/p>\n<p>The ISS, however, is slated to retire at the end of the decade, after nearly 30 years in orbit. It has been an important symbol of international cooperation following the \u201cspace race\u201d rivalry of the Cold War, and the first truly long-term space habitat.<\/p>\n<p>Plans for multiple private space stations represent a major shift in how space will be used. But will these stations change the way people live in space, or replicate the traditions of earlier space habitats?<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=383&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=383&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=383&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=481&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=481&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429467\/original\/file-20211031-37244-mfcrm6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=481&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A photo of the International Space Station in orbit over the Earth.\"\/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">The International Space Station, humanity\u2019s most intensively inhabited site in space.<\/span><br \/><span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">NASA<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Commercializing_life_in_space\"><\/span>Commercializing life in space<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The change is driven by NASA\u2019s support for commercializing space. This emphasis really started about a decade ago with the development of private cargo services to supply the ISS, like SpaceX\u2019s Cargo Dragon, and private vehicles to deliver astronauts to orbit and the Moon, such as SpaceX\u2019s Crew Dragon, Boeing\u2019s Starliner, and Lockheed Martin\u2019s Orion capsules.<\/p>\n<p>Start-up Axiom Space <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-selects-first-commercial-destination-module-for-international-space-station\">was awarded a $140 million contract by NASA in February 2020<\/a> for a private module to be attached to the ISS. Axiom announced <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/magazines\/style\/news-trends\/article\/3074926\/inside-nasas-new-space-home-why-philippe-starck\">Philippe Starck<\/a> will design a luxurious interior.<\/p>\n<p>Starck compares it to \u201ca nest, a comfortable and friendly egg\u201d. There\u2019s also a huge viewing area with two-meter-high windows for tourists to look out at Earth and space.<\/p>\n<p>The first module is due to be delivered to the ISS in 2024 or 2025, with others following each year. By the time the ISS is decommissioned around 2030, Axiom\u2019s modules will become a free-flying station.<\/p>\n<p>Axiom has signed <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/news\/thales-alenia-space-to-develop-pressurized-modules-for-axioms-private-space-station\">a contract with French-Italian contractor Thales Alenia Space<\/a>, which built close to 50% of the ISS\u2019s habitable volume for NASA and the European Space Agency, to produce its habitat.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=336&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=336&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=336&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=422&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=422&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429468\/original\/file-20211031-21-n12kst.PNG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=422&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Several modules, including a large viewing module, all labeled with the corporate logo of Axiom Space are added to the front of the International Space Station in this concept image\"\/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">An artist\u2019s rendering of the new modules Axiom Space plans to add to the International Space Station in coming years.<\/span><br \/><span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Axiom Space<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But there\u2019s more. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/153491\/nasa-plans-to-retire-the-space-station-in-2030-and-replace-it-with-commercially-owned-destinations-in-low-earth-orbit\/\">Three other groups have just been selected<\/a> for the first phase of NASA\u2019s Commercial LEO Destinations competition to build free-flying space stations to replace ISS.<\/p>\n<p>First, a group composed of Nanoracks, Voyager Space, and Lockheed Martin proposed <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nanoracks.com\/starlab\/\">a station called Starlab<\/a> to provide research, manufacturing, and tourism opportunities. This was almost im<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media<\/a>tely followed by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orbitalreef.com\/\">a competing project called Orbital Reef<\/a>, by Blue Origin, Sierra Space, and Boeing. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spaceref.com\/commercial-space\/northrop-grumman-signs-agreement-with-nasa-to-design-space-station-for-low-earth-orbit.html\">A third project, by Northrop Grumman<\/a>, will be made of modules based on its existing Cygnus cargo vehicle.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A corporate convention display booth with a giant photograph of a space station.\" width=\"600\" height=\"436\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=436&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=436&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=436&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=548&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=548&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=548&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fspace%2F2021%2F12%2F06%2Fwhat-tourists-can-expect-in-the-private-space-stations-of-the-future-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: The Lockheed Martin display at the 2021 International Astronautical Congress, with a billboard advertising the Starlab space station.\" data-title=\"Share The Lockheed Martin display at the 2021 International Astronautical Congress, with a billboard advertising the Starlab space station. on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share The Lockheed Martin display at the 2021 International Astronautical Congress, with a billboard advertising the Starlab space station. on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>The Lockheed Martin display at the 2021 International Astronautical Congress, with a billboard advertising the Starlab space station.<\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A corporate convention display booth with a giant photograph of a space station.\" width=\"600\" height=\"436\" class=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=436&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=436&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=436&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=548&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=548&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/429465\/original\/file-20211031-15-1dnr791.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=548&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"But_how_are_space_stations_actually_used\"><\/span>But how are space stations actually used?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Less clear is whether the private space stations will be more liveable than earlier generations of space stations, like Salyut, Mir, and ISS.<\/p>\n<p>Typically, older space stations were designed to meet engineering constraints rather than starting with crew comfort. What lessons have been learned to make life better in space?<\/p>\n<p>Until recently, there was little research that focused on the lived experience of astronauts on space stations. That\u2019s where social <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roaches, such as the ones we are using in <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/issarchaeology.org\/\">the International Space Station Archaeological Project<\/a>, come in.<\/p>\n<p>Since 2015, we have developed new, data-driven understandings of how ISS crew adapt to life in a context of confinement, isolation, and microgravity. We observe and measure their interactions with built spaces and the objects surrounding them. What are the patterns of usage of different spaces and items?<\/p>\n<p>Asking these kinds of questions reveals information never considered in habitat design before. It turns out the crew don\u2019t necessarily use the spaces inside the ISS the way they were designed \u2013 for example, they personalize different areas with visual displays of items that reflect their beliefs, interests, and identity.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"In this image from March 2009, two astronauts and a space tourist are seen in the Russian ISS module Zvezda. Behind them are a variety of different items placed by the crew over time.\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=395&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=395&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=395&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fspace%2F2021%2F12%2F06%2Fwhat-tourists-can-expect-in-the-private-space-stations-of-the-future-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: In this image from March 2009, two astronauts and a space tourist are seen in the Russian ISS module Zvezda. Behind them are a variety of different items placed by the crew over time.\" data-title=\"Share In this image from March 2009, two astronauts and a space tourist are seen in the Russian ISS module Zvezda. Behind them are a variety of different items placed by the crew over time. on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share In this image from March 2009, two astronauts and a space tourist are seen in the Russian ISS module Zvezda. Behind them are a variety of different items placed by the crew over time. on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>In this image from March 2009, two astronauts and a space tourist are seen in the Russian ISS module Zvezda. Behind them are a variety of different items placed by the crew over time.<\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"In this image from March 2009, two astronauts and a space tourist are seen in the Russian ISS module Zvezda. Behind them are a variety of different items placed by the crew over time.\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" class=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=395&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=395&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435479\/original\/file-20211203-15-96svlw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=395&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The crew also doesn\u2019t use all spaces inside ISS equally. People from different genders, nationalities, and space agencies appear in some modules more than others among the 16 that make up the station. These patterns are related to the way work is divided up between crews and agencies, as well as the layout of the modules themselves.<\/p>\n<p>One big challenge of life in orbit is the lack of gravity. Objects like handrails, Velcro, bungee cords, and resealable plastic bags act as \u201cgravity surrogates\u201d by fixing objects in place while everything else floats around. Our research is mapping how crew adapt these gravity surrogates to make their activities more efficient, and how the placement of the surrogates changes the way different spaces are used.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Society_and_culture_in_space\"><\/span>Society and culture in space<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Even with added luxury features like large windows, designers and engineers have a long way to go to make space stations efficient, comfortable, and welcoming, especially for the predicted space tourism market.<\/p>\n<p>The plans for privately-owned and -operated space stations are undeniably ambitious and could transform how humans live in this environment. But it\u2019s likely that the companies working on them don\u2019t yet know what they don\u2019t know about how people actually use space habitats.<\/p>\n<p>Only by turning towards new kinds of questions and research from a social and cultural perspective will they be able to make real changes that can improve mission success and crew well-being.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/170871\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/170871\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/justin-st-p-walsh-1154589\">Justin St. P. Walsh<\/a>, Associate professor of art history and archaeology, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/chapman-university-1804\">Chapman University<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/alice-gorman-4234\">Alice Gorman<\/a>, Associate Professor in Archaeology and Space Studies, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/flinders-university-972\">Flinders University<\/a>, is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/private-space-stations-are-coming-will-they-be-better-than-their-predecessors-170871\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-tourists-can-expect-in-the-private-space-stations-of-the-future-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Private space stations are coming. What can tourists expect?&#8221; A new era of space stations is about to kick off. NASA has announced three commercial space station proposals for development, joining an earlier proposal by Axiom Space. These proposals are the first attempts to create places for humans to live and work in space outside&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":377101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/12\/Philippe-Starck-private-space-station-interior-hed.jpg&signature=9335738f78803069319df87e6d5eceb5","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-377100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=377100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377100\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/377101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=377100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=377100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=377100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}