{"id":382681,"date":"2021-12-17T17:26:46","date_gmt":"2021-12-17T14:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/got-zoom-fatigue-blame-your-out-of-sync-brainwaves\/"},"modified":"2021-12-17T17:26:46","modified_gmt":"2021-12-17T14:26:46","slug":"got-zoom-fatigue-blame-your-out-of-sync-brainwaves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/got-zoom-fatigue-blame-your-out-of-sync-brainwaves\/","title":{"rendered":"#Got Zoom fatigue? Blame your out-of-sync brainwaves"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a4e091be9f0e\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a4e091be9f0e\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/got-zoom-fatigue-blame-your-out-of-sync-brainwaves\/#Cognitive_anatomy_of_a_conversation\" >Cognitive anatomy of a conversation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/got-zoom-fatigue-blame-your-out-of-sync-brainwaves\/#Getting_in_sync\" >Getting in sync<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/got-zoom-fatigue-blame-your-out-of-sync-brainwaves\/#Internet_lag_is_a_wrench_in_the_mental_gears\" >Internet lag is a wrench in the mental gears<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Got Zoom fatigue? Blame your out-of-sync brainwaves<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>During the pandemic, video calls became a way for me to connect with my aunt in a nursing home and with my extended family during holidays. Zoom was how I enjoyed trivia nights, h<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>y hours and live performances. As a university professor, Zoom was also the way I conducted all of my work meetings, mentoring and teaching.<\/p>\n<p>But I often felt drained after Zoom sessions, even some of those that I had scheduled for fun. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/news\/four-causes-zoom-fatigue-solutions\">Several well-known factors<\/a> \u2013 intense eye contact, slightly misaligned eye contact, being on camera, limited body movement, lack of nonverbal communication \u2013 contribute to Zoom fatigue. But I was curious about why conversation felt more laborious and awkward over Zoom and other video-conferencing software, compared with in-person interactions.<\/p>\n<p>As a researcher who <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=8j4_-aYAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">studies psychology and linguistics<\/a>, I decided to examine the impact of video-conferencing on conversation. Together with three undergraduate students, I ran <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/xge0001150\">two experiments<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The first experiment found that response times to prerecorded yes\/no questions more than <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/trip-and-travel\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"10\" title=\"Trip &amp; Travel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trip<\/a>led when the questions were played over Zoom instead of being played from the participant\u2019s own computer.<\/p>\n<p>The second experiment replicated the finding in natural, spontaneous conversation between friends. In that experiment, transition times between speakers averaged 135 milliseconds in person, but 487 milliseconds for the same pair talking over Zoom. While under half a second seems pretty quick, that difference is an eternity in terms of natural conversation rhythms.<\/p>\n<p>We also found that people held the floor for longer during Zoom conversations, so there were fewer transitions between speakers. These experiments suggest that the natural rhythm of conversation is disrupted by videoconferencing apps like Zoom.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cognitive_anatomy_of_a_conversation\"><\/span>Cognitive anatomy of a conversation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>I already had some expertise in studying conversation. Pre-pandemic, I conducted several experiments investigating how topic shifts and working memory load affect the timing of when speakers in a conversation take turns.<\/p>\n<p>In that research, I found that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cogsci.mindmodeling.org\/2019\/papers\/0048\/index.html\">pauses between speakers were longer<\/a> when the two speakers were talking about different things, or if a speaker was distracted by another task while conversing. I originally became interested in the timing of turn transitions because planning a response during conversation is a complex process that people accomplish with lightning speed.<\/p>\n<p>The average pause between speakers in two-party conversations is about one-fifth of a second. In comparison, it takes more than a half-second to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139508925238\">move your foot from the accelerator to the brake<\/a> while driving \u2013 more than twice as long.<\/p>\n<p>The speed of turn transitions indicates that listeners don\u2019t wait until the end of a speaker\u2019s utterance to begin planning a response. Rather, listeners simultaneously comprehend the current speaker, plan a response and predict the appropriate time to initiate that response. All of this multitasking ought to make conversation quite laborious, but it is not.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Getting_in_sync\"><\/span>Getting in sync<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Brainwaves are the rhythmic firing, or oscillation, of neurons in your brain. These oscillations may be one factor that helps make conversation effortless. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108610728\">Several<\/a><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03206432\">researchers<\/a> have proposed that a neural oscillatory mechanism automatically synchronizes the firing rate of a group of neurons to the speech rate of your conversation partner. This oscillatory timing mechanism would relieve some of the mental effort in planning when to begin speaking, especially if it was <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.68066\">combined with predictions<\/a> about the remainder of your partner\u2019s utterance.<\/p>\n<p>While there are many open questions about how oscillatory mechanisms affect perception and behavior, there is <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00320\">direct<\/a><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4186\">evidence<\/a> for neural oscillators that track syllable rate when syllables are presented at regular intervals. For example, when you hear syllables four times a second, the electrical activity in your brain <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4186\">peaks at the same rate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A spectrograph of human speech with a rough sine wave overlaid on it\" width=\"600\" height=\"115\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=115&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=115&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=115&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=145&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=145&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=145&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A spectrograph of human speech with a rough sine wave overlaid on it\" width=\"600\" height=\"115\" class=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=115&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=115&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=115&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=145&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=145&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/435178\/original\/file-20211201-15-how79x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=145&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2021%2F12%2F17%2Fzoom-fatigue-blame-out-of-sync-brainwaves-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: This acoustic spectrogram of the utterance \u2018Do you think surfers are scared of being bitten by a shark?\u2019 has an overlaid oscillatory function (blue wave). This shows that midpoints of most syllables (numbered hash marks) occur at or near the wave troughs, regardless of syllable length. The hash marks were generated with a Praat script written by deJong and Wempe. Julie Boland, CC BY-ND\" data-title=\"Share This acoustic spectrogram of the utterance \u2018Do you think surfers are scared of being bitten by a shark?\u2019 has an overlaid oscillatory function (blue wave). This shows that midpoints of most syllables (numbered hash marks) occur at or near the wave troughs, regardless of syllable length. The hash marks were generated with a Praat script written by deJong and Wempe. Julie Boland, CC BY-ND on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share This acoustic spectrogram of the utterance \u2018Do you think surfers are scared of being bitten by a shark?\u2019 has an overlaid oscillatory function (blue wave). This shows that midpoints of most syllables (numbered hash marks) occur at or near the wave troughs, regardless of syllable length. The hash marks were generated with a Praat script written by deJong and Wempe. Julie Boland, CC BY-ND on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>This acoustic spectrogram of the utterance \u2018Do you think surfers are scared of being bitten by a shark?\u2019 has an overlaid oscillatory function (blue wave). This shows that midpoints of most syllables (numbered hash marks) occur at or near the wave troughs, regardless of syllable length. The hash marks were generated with a Praat script written by deJong and Wempe. Julie Boland, CC BY-ND<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption\/><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>There is also evidence that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780190618216.001.0001\">oscillators can accommodate some variability<\/a> in syllable rate. This makes the notion that an automatic neural oscillator could track the fuzzy rhythms of speech plausible. For example, an oscillator with a period of 100 milliseconds could keep in sync with speech that varies from 80 milliseconds to 120 milliseconds per short syllable. Longer syllables are not a problem if their duration is a multiple of the duration for short syllables.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internet_lag_is_a_wrench_in_the_mental_gears\"><\/span>Internet lag is a wrench in the mental gears<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>My hunch was that this proposed oscillatory mechanism couldn\u2019t function very well over Zoom due to variable transmission lags. In a video call, the audio and video signals are split into packets that zip across the internet. In our studies, each packet took around 30 to 70 milliseconds to travel from sender to receiver, including disassembly and reassembly.<\/p>\n<p>While this is very fast, it adds too much additional variability for brainwaves to sync with speech rates automatically, and more arduous mental operations have to take over. This could help explain my sense that Zoom conversations were more fatiguing than having the same conversation in person would have been.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/xge0001150\">Our experiments<\/a> demonstrated that the natural rhythm of turn transitions between speakers is disrupted by Zoom. This disruption is consistent with what would happen if the neural ensemble that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780190618216.001.0001\">researchers believe normally synchronizes with speech<\/a> fell out of sync due to electronic transmission delays.<\/p>\n<p>Our evidence supporting this explanation is indirect. We did not measure cortical oscillations, nor did we manipulate the electronic transmission delays. Research into the connection between neural oscillatory timing mechanisms and speech in <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/general\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"3\" title=\"General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-020-0304-4\">is promising<\/a> but not definitive.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers in the field need to pin down an oscillatory mechanism for naturally occurring speech. From there, cortical tracking techniques could show whether such a mechanism is more stable in face-to-face conversations than with video-conferencing conversations, and how much lag and how much variability cause disruption.<\/p>\n<p>Could the syllable-tracking oscillator tolerate relatively short but realistic electronic lags below 40 milliseconds, even if they varied dynamically from 15 to 39 milliseconds? Could it tolerate relatively long lags of 100 milliseconds if the transmission lag were constant instead of variable?<\/p>\n<p>The knowledge gained from such research could open the door to technological improvements that help people get in sync and make videoconferencing conversations less of a cognitive drag.<\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/julie-boland-248289\">Julie Boland<\/a>, Professor of Psychology and Linguistics, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-michigan-1290\">University of Michigan<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/got-zoom-fatigue-out-of-sync-brainwaves-could-be-another-reason-videoconferencing-is-such-a-drag-172380\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. 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Blame your out-of-sync brainwaves&#8221; During the pandemic, video calls became a way for me to connect with my aunt in a nursing home and with my extended family during holidays. Zoom was how I enjoyed trivia nights, happy hours and live performances. As a university professor, Zoom was also the way I&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":382682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/12\/ZoomHed1.jpg&signature=07681cdc9cf2e1951d96cbf4acbc2aad","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-382681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/382681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=382681"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/382681\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/382682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=382681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=382681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=382681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}