{"id":383337,"date":"2021-12-19T18:00:38","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T15:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game\/"},"modified":"2021-12-19T18:00:38","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T15:00:38","slug":"protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game\/","title":{"rendered":"#Protect biomedical data from hackers by treating the problem like a\u00a0game"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a42cc754d74c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a42cc754d74c\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game\/#The_big_idea\" >The big idea<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game\/#Why_it_matters\" >Why it matters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game\/#What_other_research_is_being_done\" >What other research is being done<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-by-treating-the-problem-like-a-game\/#Whats_next\" >What\u2019s next<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#Protect biomedical data from hackers by treating the problem like a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a><\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_big_idea\"><\/span>The big idea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Game theory, which tries to predict how the behavior of competitors influences the choices the other players make, can help researchers find the best ways to share biomedical data while protecting the anonymity of the people contributing the data from hackers.<\/p>\n<p>Modern biomedical research, such as the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ncats.nih.gov\/n3c\">National COVID Cohort Collaborative<\/a> and the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.personalgenomes.org\/\">Personal Genome Project<\/a>, requires large amounts of data that are specific to individuals. Making detailed datasets publicly available without violating anyone\u2019s privacy is a critical challenge for projects like these.<\/p>\n<p>To do so, many programs that collect and disseminate genomic data obscure personal information in the data that could be exploited to re-identify subjects. Even so, it\u2019s possible that residual data could be used to track down personal information from other sources, which could be correlated with the biomedical data to unearth subjects\u2019 identities. For example, comparing someone\u2019s DNA data with public genealogy databases like Ancestry.com <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1229566\">can sometimes yield the person\u2019s last name<\/a>, which can be used along with demographic data to track down the person\u2019s identity via online public record search engines like PeopleFinders.<\/p>\n<p>Our research group, the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vumc.org\/getprecise\/\">Center for Genetic Privacy and Identity in Community Settings<\/a>, has developed methods to help assess and mitigate privacy risks in biomedical data sharing. Our methods can be used to protect various types of data, such as personal demographics or genome sequences, from attacks on anonymity.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A flowchart with boxes and arrows\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A flowchart with boxes and arrows\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/437006\/original\/file-20211210-17-6af27b.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fsecurity%2F2021%2F12%2F19%2Fprotect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-treat-problem-like-game-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Poorly protected genomic data attacked by someone with access to multiple data sources (red path) is the most at risk, while better-protected genomic data attacked by someone without access to other sources (blue path) is the least at risk. Image via Vanderbilt University Medical Center, CC BY-ND\" data-title=\"Share Poorly protected genomic data attacked by someone with access to multiple data sources (red path) is the most at risk, while better-protected genomic data attacked by someone without access to other sources (blue path) is the least at risk. Image via Vanderbilt University Medical Center, CC BY-ND on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Poorly protected genomic data attacked by someone with access to multiple data sources (red path) is the most at risk, while better-protected genomic data attacked by someone without access to other sources (blue path) is the least at risk. Image via Vanderbilt University Medical Center, CC BY-ND on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"\/><\/a>Poorly protected genomic data attacked by someone with access to multiple data sources (red path) is the most at risk, while better-protected genomic data attacked by someone without access to other sources (blue path) is the least at risk. Image via Vanderbilt University Medical Center, CC BY-ND<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abe9986\">Our most recent work<\/a> uses a two-player leader-follower game to model the interactions between a data subject and a potentially malicious data user. In this model, the data subject moves first, deciding what data to share. Then the adversary moves next, deciding whether to attack based on the shared data.<\/p>\n<p>Using game theory to assess <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roaches for sharing data involves scoring each strategy on both privacy and the value of the shared data. Strategies involve trade-offs between leaving out or obscuring parts of the data to protect identities and keeping the data as useful as possible.<\/p>\n<p>The optimal strategy allows the data subject to share the most data with the least risk. Finding the optimal strategy is challenging, however, because genome sequencing data has many dimensions, which makes it impractical to exhaustively search all possible data sharing strategies.<\/p>\n<p>To overcome this problem, we developed <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.5543369\">search algorithms<\/a> that focus attention on a small subset of strategies that are the most likely to contain the optimal strategy. We demonstrated that our method is the most effective considering both the utility of the data to the public and the data subject\u2019s privacy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_it_matters\"><\/span>Why it matters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The worst-case scenario, where an attacker has unlimited capabilities and no aversion to financial losses, is often extremely unlikely. However, data managers sometimes focus on these scenarios, which can lead them to overestimate the risk of re-identification and share substantially less data than they safely could.<\/p>\n<p>The goal of our work is to create a systematic approach to reason about the risks that also accounts for the value of the shared data. Our game-based approach not only provides a more realistic estimate of re-identification risk, but also finds data sharing strategies that can strike the right balance between utility and privacy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_other_research_is_being_done\"><\/span>What other research is being done<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Data managers use <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt.4108\">cryptographic techniques<\/a> to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw758\">protect<\/a> biomedical data. Other approaches include <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2810103.2813610\">adding noise to data<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.436\">hiding partial data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This work builds on our previous studies, which pioneered using game theory to assess the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120592\">risk of re-identification within health data<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.12.002\">protect against identity attacks on genomic data<\/a>. Our current study is the first to consider an attack in which the attacker can access multiple resources and combine them in a stepwise manner.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_next\"><\/span>What\u2019s next<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We are now working to expand our game-based approach to model the uncertainty and rationality of a player. We are also working to account for environments that consist of multiple data providers and multiple types of data recipients.<!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/zhiyu-wan-1297517\">Zhiyu Wan<\/a>, Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Biomedical Informatics, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/vanderbilt-university-1293\">Vanderbilt University<\/a>; <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/bradley-malin-1297557\">Bradley Malin<\/a>, Professor of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics &amp; Computer <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/vanderbilt-university-1293\">Vanderbilt University<\/a>, and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/yevgeniy-vorobeychik-1297869\">Yevgeniy Vorobeychik<\/a>, Associate Professor of Computer Science, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/washington-university-in-st-louis-732\">Washington University in St Louis<\/a>, is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-best-way-to-protect-personal-biomedical-data-from-hackers-could-be-to-treat-the-problem-like-a-game-173401\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/protect-biomedical-data-from-hackers-treat-problem-like-game-syndication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;#Protect biomedical data from hackers by treating the problem like a\u00a0game&#8221; The big idea Game theory, which tries to predict how the behavior of competitors influences the choices the other players make, can help researchers find the best ways to share biomedical data while protecting the anonymity of the people contributing the data from hackers&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":383338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/12\/Health-software-biomedical-data-hed.jpg&signature=3f2f9dc2549ffb7e1428ae81d1e1452e","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-383337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=383337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383337\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/383338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=383337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=383337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=383337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}