{"id":39782,"date":"2020-08-03T22:24:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T19:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/protests-in-the-long-term-how-is-a-lasting-legacy-cemented\/"},"modified":"2020-08-03T22:24:00","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T19:24:00","slug":"protests-in-the-long-term-how-is-a-lasting-legacy-cemented","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/protests-in-the-long-term-how-is-a-lasting-legacy-cemented\/","title":{"rendered":"#Protests in the long term: How is a lasting legacy cemented?"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#Protests in the long term: How is a lasting legacy cemented?<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

\n NEW YORK \u2014 What sort of staying power does it take for a protest movement to be judged a success?<\/p>\n

This year, without a centralized team of senior leaders, perhaps the largest protest movement in U.S. history has been unfolding nationwide since the May 25 death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police. By some calculations, more than 15 million Americans have taken part \u2014 decrying racial injustice, reinforcing the message of Black Lives Matter.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s no way to know now what the movement\u2019s legacy will be \u2014 whether it will wither or compel major breakthroughs in curbing racism and inequality. But at this moment, other major protest movements of the past \u2014 both in the United States and elsewhere \u2014 can offer clues about what endures or what, at least, leaves a tangible legacy.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s important to see the changes over time and not be discouraged,\u201d says Beth Robinson, a history professor at Texas A&M-Corpus Christi.<\/p>\n

By some measures, it took the women\u2019s suffrage movement in the United States more than 70 years before it won voting rights for American women. In the late 1980s, HIV\/AIDS activists motivated by anger and fear made huge advances in just a few years thanks to a confrontational protest campaign.<\/p>\n

The U.S. civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s achieved monumental changes over a 15-year period, including landmark federal laws. Yet racism and discrimination remain pervasive problems today.<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter Martin Luther King was assassinated, the movement kind of fractured and lost momentum,\u201d says Tyler Parry, a professor of African American history at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas. \u201cAfter the major laws were passed, many white Americans felt that was adequate.\u201d<\/p>\n

The civil rights movement had some fundamental assets that helped sustain it, according to James Ralph, a Middlebury College historian. It had multiple prominent leaders in addition to King, and multiple national organizations that general<\/a>ly agreed on key goals even as they sometimes differed on tactics. That app<\/a>roach produced such tangible successes as the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.<\/p>\n

This year\u2019s protest movement has mobilized larger numbers of people and is more diverse. But it\u2019s too early to gauge what tangible results it will achieve. Parry advises the new wave of activists to maintain the multiracial nature of the movement and work doggedly at every level to address inequities.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat the modern movement needs to do is not be complacent if one or two things change,\u201d says Parry, who advises both depth and endurance: \u201cIf you destroy a few Confederate monuments, don\u2019t stop there.\u201d
<\/br>
<\/br>
\nSINCE THE BEGINNING<\/strong><\/p>\n

Protest movements have been at the core of U.S. history since before independence, and the American Revolution itself commenced after a more than decade of protests against British-imposed taxes. Over the ensuing decades, there was scarcely a lull.<\/p>\n

The Revolutionary War had barely ended when, in 1791, the Whiskey Rebellion flared \u2014 a multistate protest against a liquor tax imposed by the new federal government. Anti-slavery protests hastened the outbreak of the Civil War. The Seneca Falls convention in 1848 is widely viewed as the launch of the women\u2019s suffrage movement, yet women didn\u2019t gain the right to vote until ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920.<\/p>\n

Compared to that long struggle, the protests of HIV\/AIDS activists achieved tangible goals within a few years of organizing in the 1980s. Activists staged \u201cdie-in\u201d demonstrations, provoked mass arrests, and in 1988 converged by the hundreds outside the Food and Drug Administration\u2019s headquarters for day-long acts of civil disobedience.<\/p>\n

In response, the FDA agreed to speed testing and approval of new therapies \u2014 a key step in curbing the high death toll from AIDS. Activist Larry Kramer, who died in May, said the protesters\u2019 sense of rage made a difference.<\/p>\n

\u201cUntil you have anger and fear, you don\u2019t have any kind of an activist movement,\u201d he told Metro Weekly, a Washington-based LGBT publication, in 2011.<\/p>\n

The largest single-day protest in U.S history \u2014 the Women\u2019s March \u2014 came on Jan. 21, 2017, the day after Donald Trump\u2019s inauguration. An estimated half million people marched in Washington, supporting women\u2019s rights and assailing Trump\u2019s misogynistic remarks. Millions more marched in several hundred other U.S. cities and scores of foreign countries.<\/p>\n

Assessing the march\u2019s impact is difficult. With Trump in office and Republicans controlling the Senate, there\u2019s been no breakthrough legislation on reproductive rights, immigration or other issues. Yet the mobilization lent strength to the MeToo movement, which began nine months later and caused hundreds of prominent men facing sexual misconduct allegations to lose jobs and reputations.<\/p>\n

Some protest movements are short-lived but leave enduring legacies. Consider the Occupy Wall Street movement that emerged in New York City in 2011. It was criticized for lacking racial diversity and a specific agenda yet helped change the discourse about economic inequality with its \u201cWe are the 99%\u201d slogan and denunciations of the wealthy 1%.<\/p>\n

Nelini Stamp, a director of strategy and partnerships for the Working Families Party, cites Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders and U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez as politicians whose economic platforms reflect the spirit of the New York protest.<\/p>\n

In 2006, millions turned out to protest legislation in Congress seeking to classify undocumented immigrants as felons, and penalizing anyone who assisted them. The bill passed the U.S. House but died in the Senate.<\/p>\n

Chris Zepeda-Mill\u00e1n, a professor at UCLA in the departments of Chicana\/o studies and public policy, credits the protests for stopping the bill and encouraging voter registration among Latinos. But he said the protests also intensified congressional polarization, dimming prospects for any immigration overhaul and citizenship for undocumented immigrants.<\/p>\n

Congress also failed to pass tough new gun-control measures in the aftermath of the massive March for Our Lives protests organized in 2018 by students from the Parkland, Florida, high school, where a gunman killed 17 people. Nonetheless, gun-control activists have taken credit for numerous election victories, notably helping Democrats take control of Virginia\u2019s legislature in 2019.<\/p>\n

One advantage for U.S. protest movements: Government security forces generally permit them to mobilize. The recent deployment of federal tactical teams in Portland, Oregon, outraged protesters and Oregon officials but has been the exception, not the norm.<\/p>\n

BEYOND AMERICAN SHORES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Outcomes can be different in other parts of the world. Hong Kong has a long tradition of public demonstrations dating from its days as a British colony. Many of its people strongly supported the 1989 student-led pro-democracy protests in Beijing\u2019s Tiananmen Square.<\/p>\n

Until this year, marches and candlelight vigils were held annually to commemorate victims of the military crackdown, and hundreds of thousands turned out to oppose moves by Beijing to impose its political will on the city. More recently, however, protest activity has been tamped down since Beijing enacted a sweeping security law banning speech seen as promoting secession.<\/p>\n

In 2011, a fruit seller in Tunisia who died after setting himself afire to protest economic conditions touched off a mass uprising against autocrats in the Arab world \u2014 what became the Arab Spring.<\/p>\n

There were inspirational moments, notably in Cairo\u2019s Tahrir Square, where hundreds of thousands of people converged in daily protests, televised globally, that eventually pressured strongman Hosni Mubarak into stepping down.<\/p>\n

However, subsequent turmoil brought to power general-turned-politician Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi, whose government has muffled dissent. Uprisings in Libya and Syria \u2014 once unthinkable street protests against dictators \u2014 turned violent. Hundreds of thousands have died in Syria, while Libya after the fall of Moammar Gadhafi is an ungovernable, dangerous mess.<\/p>\n

Texas A&M\u2019s Robinson emphasizes that protest movements produced many of the freedoms and protections Americans treasure \u2014 including several Depression-era initiatives undertaken during President Franklin D. Roosevelt\u2019s New Deal. Yet, she says, those reforms didn\u2019t fully benefit women or people of color, setting the stage for the new wave of dissent from the 1950s through the 1970s.<\/p>\n

\u201cWith protest movements, it\u2019s three steps forward, two steps back,\u201d Robinson says. \u201cWe all want this perfect victory, to close the book and say that oppression is over \u2026 but it\u2019s unlikely that those are going to be achieved completely.\u201d<\/p>\n

She adds: \u201cIt\u2019s always going to be a long march to justice.\u201d\n <\/p><\/div>\n

\n

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Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“#Protests in the long term: How is a lasting legacy cemented?” NEW YORK \u2014 What sort of staying power does it take for a protest movement to be judged a success? This year, without a centralized team of senior leaders, perhaps the largest protest movement in U.S. history has been unfolding nationwide since the May…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[48218],"class_list":["post-39782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-protests-in-the-long-term-how-is-a-lasting-legacy-cemented"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39782"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39782\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}