{"id":42683,"date":"2020-08-07T19:21:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-07T16:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/making-n-c-bonds-directly-from-dinitrogen-summary-and-perspective\/"},"modified":"2020-08-07T19:21:00","modified_gmt":"2020-08-07T16:21:00","slug":"making-n-c-bonds-directly-from-dinitrogen-summary-and-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/making-n-c-bonds-directly-from-dinitrogen-summary-and-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"#Making N-C bonds directly from dinitrogen: Summary and perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#Making N-C bonds directly from dinitrogen: Summary and perspective<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

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\"chemical<\/img>
\n Credit: CC0 Public Domain
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As the most abundant constituent in Earth’s atmosphere, dinitrogen (N2<\/sub>) is the main nitrogen source of N-containing compounds in the Earth. Therefore, N2<\/sub> fixation and activation are essential both for nature and humans. Nevertheless, the high bond dissociation energy (942 kJ\/mol) and large HOMO-LUMO gap (10.82 eV) make N2<\/sub> exhibit extremely low reactivity and may be regarded as an inert gas.<\/p>\n

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Currently, the N2<\/sub> activation and conversion in nature and industry mainly rely on two pathways, in which ammonia (NH3<\/sub>) is the product. In nature, nitrogenase metalloenzymes transfer N2<\/sub> into NH3<\/sub> at ambient temperature and pressure. In industry, more than 170 million metric tons of NH3<\/sub> is produced from the Haber-Bosch process annually, in which N2<\/sub> reacts with dihydrogen (H2<\/sub>) under harsh condition in the presence of metal catalysts. This NH3<\/sub> synthesis process consumes about 1-2% of the world’s annual energy supply along with the huge CO2<\/sub> emission.<\/p>\n

Compared to NH3<\/sub>-based N2<\/sub> fixation process, an alternative route of N2<\/sub> fixation is the direct conversion of N2<\/sub> into N-containing organic compounds under mild condition. This app<\/a>roach is always targeted because it provides the potential solution to develop a sustainable system with reduced fossil-fuel requirements.
\nIn a new review published in the National Science<\/a> Review<\/i>, Zhenfeng Xi et al. summarize the previous works of transition-metal media<\/a>ted direct conversion of N2<\/sub> into organic compounds via N-C bond formation at metal dinitrogen complexes. The review is organized by the coordination modes of the complexes (end-on, side-on, end-on-side-on, etc.) that are involved in the N-C bond formation steps, and each part is arranged in terms of reaction types (N-alkylation, N-acylation, cycloaddition, insertion, etc.) between metal dinitrogen complexes and carbon-based substrates. Besides, earlier works on one-pot synthesis of organic compounds from N2<\/sub> via ill-defined intermediates are also briefed by the authors.<\/p>\n

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\n The relationship between coordination modes of dinitrogen complexes and the reaction types of N-C bond formation. The N-C bond formation is reported (\u221a) or not reported (\u00d7). Credit: \u00a9Science China Press
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Besides the homogeneous stoichiometric thermochemical reaction systems, the sporadically reported syntheses involving photochemical, electrochemical, heterogeneous thermo-catalytic reactions are also discussed in this overview.
\nIn the review, the authors point out that some synthetic cycles about direct conversion of N2<\/sub> into organic compounds have also been developed in recent decades. However, all of these reactions are stoichiometric and the catalytic system for the direct introduction of N2<\/sub> into organic compounds has not been realized yet. The main factors that prevent these complete synthetic cycles from becoming catalytic process are the rigorous reaction conditions of the N-C bond formation and N-containing organic compounds releasing steps in these cycles, which are incompatible with the preparation steps for metal dinitrogen complexes.<\/p>\n

To provide readers with perspectives of future research particularly in direct catalytic and efficient conversion of N2<\/sub> into N-containing organic compounds under mild conditions, the authors likewise outline the potential development directions. They forecast that the research topics of ‘new reaction types and systems for N-C bond formation,’ ‘polynuclear metal species cooperative N2<\/sub> scission and functionalization,’ ‘main group elements promoted N-C bond formation,’ ‘photochemistry and electrochemistry involved N-C bond formation,’ ‘heterogeneous catalysis systems for conversion of N2<\/sub> into organic compounds’ would get more attention in the future.<\/p>\n

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More information:<\/strong>
\n Ze-Jie Lv et al, Direct transformation of dinitrogen: synthesis of N-containing organic compounds via N\u2212C bond formation, National Science Review<\/i> (2020). DOI: 10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa142<\/p>\n

\n Citation<\/strong>:
\n Making N-C bonds directly from dinitrogen: Summary and perspective (2020, August 7)
\n retrieved 7 August 2020
\n from https:\/\/phys.org\/news<\/a>\/2020-08-n-c-bonds-dinitrogen-summary-perspective.html<\/p>\n

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“#Making N-C bonds directly from dinitrogen: Summary and perspective” Credit: CC0 Public Domain As the most abundant constituent in Earth’s atmosphere, dinitrogen (N2) is the main nitrogen source of N-containing compounds in the Earth. Therefore, N2 fixation and activation are essential both for nature and humans. Nevertheless, the high bond dissociation energy (942 kJ\/mol) and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[50415,10601],"class_list":["post-42683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sciencee","tag-making-n-c-bonds-directly-from-dinitrogen-summary-and-perspective","tag-materials-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42683"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42683\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}