{"id":432494,"date":"2022-04-15T18:00:39","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T15:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated\/"},"modified":"2022-04-15T18:00:39","modified_gmt":"2022-04-15T15:00:39","slug":"we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated\/","title":{"rendered":"#We used game theory to determine which AI projects should be regulated"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2d056ec97a6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2d056ec97a6\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated\/#%E2%80%9CWe_used_game_theory_to_determine_which_AI_projects_should_be_regulated%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;We used game theory to determine which AI projects should be regulated&#8221;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated\/#AI_supremacy\" >AI supremacy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated\/#Looking_ahead\" >Looking ahead<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/we-used-game-theory-to-determine-which-ai-projects-should-be-regulated\/#Governance_lessons\" >Governance lessons<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CWe_used_game_theory_to_determine_which_AI_projects_should_be_regulated%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;We used game theory to determine which AI projects should be regulated&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n                            Ever since artificial intelligence (AI) made the transition from theory to reality, research and development centers across the world have been rushing to come up with the next big AI breakthrough.<\/p>\n<p>This competition is sometimes called the \u201cAI race\u201d. In practice, though, there are hundreds of \u201cAI races\u201d heading towards different objectives. Some research centers are racing to produce digital marketing AI, for example, while others are racing to pair AI with military hardware. Some races are between private companies and others are between countries.<\/p>\n<p>Because AI researchers are competing to win their chosen race, they may overlook safety concerns in order to get ahead of their rivals. But safety enforcement via regulations is undeveloped, and reluctance to regulate AI may actually be justified: it may stifle innovation, reducing the benefits that AI could deliver to humanity.<\/p>\n<p>Our <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jair.org\/index.php\/jair\/article\/view\/12225\">recent research<\/a>, carried out alongside our colleague Francisco C. Santos, sought to determine which AI races should be regulated for safety reasons, and which should be left unregulated to avoid stifling innovation. We did this using a <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a> theory simulation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AI_supremacy\"><\/span>AI supremacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The regulation of AI must consider the harms and the benefits of the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a>. Harms that regulation might seek to legislate against include the potential for AI to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2020\/08\/how-to-fight-discrimination-in-ai\">discriminate against disadvantaged communities<\/a> and the development of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2020\/10\/14\/ai-drones-swarms-killer-robots-partial-ban-on-autonomous-weapons-would-make-everyone-safer\/\">autonomous weapons<\/a>. But the benefits of AI, like <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-50857759\">better cancer diagnosis<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.co.uk\/science-and-technology\/2019\/07\/how-artificial-intelligence-can-tackle-climate-change\">smart climate modelling<\/a>, might not exist if AI regulation were too heavy-handed. Sensible AI regulation would maximize its benefits and mitigate its harms.<\/p>\n<p>But with the US <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.belfercenter.org\/publication\/china-beating-us-ai-supremacy\">competing with China and Russia<\/a> to achieve \u201cAI supremacy\u201d \u2013 a clear technological advantage over rivals \u2013 regulations have thus far taken a back seat. This, according to the UN, has thrust us into \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/the-ai-arms-race-in-2020-e7f049cb69ac\">unacceptable moral territory<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/tech\/annals-of-technology\/who-should-stop-unethical-ai\">AI researchers<\/a> and governance bodies, such as the EU, have called for urgent regulations to prevent the development of unethical AI. Yet the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/sites\/info\/files\/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf\">EU\u2019s white paper<\/a> on the issue has acknowledged that it\u2019s difficult for governance bodies to know which AI race will end with unethical AI, and which will end with beneficial AI.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Looking_ahead\"><\/span>Looking ahead<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We wanted to know which AI races should be prioritized for regulation, so our team created a theoretical model to simulate hypothetical AI races. We then ran this simulation in hundreds of iterations, tweaking variables to predict how real-world AI races might pan out.<\/p>\n<p>Our model includes a number of virtual agents, representing competitors in an AI race \u2013 like different technology companies, for example. Each agent was randomly assigned a behavior, mimicking how these competitors would behave in a real AI race. For example, some agents carefully consider all data and AI pitfalls, but others take undue risks by skipping these tests.<\/p>\n<p>The model itself was based on <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/game-evolutionary\/\">evolutionary game theory<\/a>, which has been used in the past to understand how behaviors evolve on the scale of societies, people, or even our <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/529462a\">genes<\/a>. The model assumes that winners in a particular game \u2013 in our case an AI race \u2013 take all the benefits, as biologists argue h<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ens in evolution.<\/p>\n<p>By introducing regulations into our simulation \u2013 sanctioning unsafe behavior and rewarding safe behavior \u2013 we could then observe which regulations were successful in maximizing benefits, and which ended up stifling innovation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Governance_lessons\"><\/span>Governance lessons<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The variable we found to be particularly important was the \u201c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jair.org\/index.php\/jair\/article\/view\/12225\">length<\/a>\u201d of the race \u2013 the time our simulated races took to reach their objective (a functional AI product). When AI races reached their objective quickly, we found that competitors who we\u2019d coded to always overlook safety precautions always won.<\/p>\n<p>In these quick AI races, or \u201cAI sprints\u201d, the competitive advantage is gained by being speedy, and those who pause to consider safety and ethics always lose out. It would make sense to regulate these AI sprints, so that the AI products they conclude with are safe and ethical.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, our simulation found that long-term AI projects, or \u201cAI marathons\u201d, require regulations less urgently. That\u2019s because the winners of AI marathons weren\u2019t always those who overlooked safety. Plus, we found that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0244592\">regulating AI marathons<\/a> prevented them from reaching their potential. This looked like stifling over-regulation \u2013 the sort that could actually work against society\u2019s interests.<\/p>\n<p>Given these findings, it\u2019ll be important for regulators to establish how long different AI races are likely to last, applying different regulations based on their expected timescales. Our findings suggest that one rule for all AI races \u2013 from sprints to marathons \u2013 will lead to some outcomes that are far from ideal.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not too late to put together smart, flexible regulations to avoid unethical and dangerous AI while supporting AI that could benefit humanity. But such regulations may be urgent: our simulation suggests that those AI races that are due to end the soonest will be the most important to regulate.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/155825\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/155825\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><br \/>\n<em>This article by <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/the-anh-han-1217527\">The Anh Han<\/a>, Associate Professor, Computer <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/teesside-university-1230\">Teesside University<\/a>; <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/luis-moniz-pereira-1217577\">Lu\u00eds Moniz Pereira<\/a>, Emeritus Professor, Computer Science, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/universidade-nova-de-lisboa-1632\">Universidade Nova de Lisboa<\/a>, and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/tom-lenaerts-1217528\">Tom Lenaerts<\/a>, Professor, Faculty of Sciences, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/universite-libre-de-bruxelles-ulb-1220\">Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)<\/a>is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ai-developers-often-ignore-safety-in-the-pursuit-of-a-breakthrough-so-how-do-we-regulate-them-without-blocking-progress-155825\">original article<\/a>.<\/em>\n                        <\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/game-theory-determine-which-ai-regulated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;We used game theory to determine which AI projects should be regulated&#8221; Ever since artificial intelligence (AI) made the transition from theory to reality, research and development centers across the world have been rushing to come up with the next big AI breakthrough. This competition is sometimes called the \u201cAI race\u201d. In practice, though, there&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":432495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/neural?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2021\/12\/killer-bots.jpeg&signature=e8721fa3d7faa8f7c1aa3cdc4fecbcba","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-432494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/432494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=432494"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/432494\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/432495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=432494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=432494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=432494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}