{"id":444968,"date":"2022-05-10T21:43:17","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T18:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/4d-composite-printing-could-improve-the-wings-of-drones\/"},"modified":"2022-05-10T21:43:17","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T18:43:17","slug":"4d-composite-printing-could-improve-the-wings-of-drones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/4d-composite-printing-could-improve-the-wings-of-drones\/","title":{"rendered":"#4D composite printing could improve the wings of drones"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a32cfe72c69b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a32cfe72c69b\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/4d-composite-printing-could-improve-the-wings-of-drones\/#%E2%80%9C4D_composite_printing_could_improve_the_wings_of_drones%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;4D composite printing could improve the wings of drones&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9C4D_composite_printing_could_improve_the_wings_of_drones%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;4D composite printing could improve the wings of drones&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2022\/military-drone.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/military-drone.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2022\/military-drone.jpg\" alt=\"military drone\" title=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\" width=\"800\" height=\"403\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The aviation industry faces multiple pressures from higher fuel costs and increased scrutiny over the environmental and quality-of-life impacts from its aircraft. Researchers are looking for new methods of keeping expenses down while improving overall efficiency, and the relatively new market of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)\u2014or drones\u2014is no exception.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                UAVs are occupying an ever-growing space in aviation circles. In a new paper published in the journal <i>Composite Structures<\/i>, Suong Hoa and his student co-authors present a method to make UAV wings cheaper to manufacture and more efficient in flight.<\/p>\n<p>Hoa is a professor of mechanical, industrial and aerospace engineering at the Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>. Using a technique Hoa pioneered known as 4D printing of composites, the authors performed a feasibility study on the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>lication of a new way to manufacture adaptive compliant trailing edge (ACTE) morphing wings. The experimental <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> replaces the commonly used hinged wing flap with one that is attached to the main wing body but can bend up to 20 degrees.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Our paper shows that a UAV using this kind of wing can support a good amount of load for small or medium-sized vehicles,&#8221; says Hoa, director of the Concordia Center for Composites.<\/p>\n<p><b>Using material reactions<\/b><\/p>\n<p>4D printing is similar to 3D printing except that it changes materials from location to location. The separate material is used because it is reactive to a particular stimulus: water, cold or heat, for instance. Initial printing is done on a flat surface that is then exposed to the stimulus, causing a reaction, and changing the surface shape. The fourth dimension refers to the altered configuration of the once-flat material.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mb-4\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\">\n    <meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"4D composite printing can improve the wings of drones, according to new Concordia research\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\/?v=j7k-ZjG0qPE\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"4D printed aircraft wings with Suong Hoa. Credit: Concordia University\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-05-10T14:25:06-04:00\"\/><br \/>\n        <meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/j7k-ZjG0qPE\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/j7k-ZjG0qPE\/maxresdefault.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>             <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"4D printed aircraft wings with Suong Van Hoa\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/j7k-ZjG0qPE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up mt-4\" itemprop=\"caption\">4D printed aircraft wings with Suong Hoa. Credit: Concordia University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Composite 4D printing is more complex. Rather than using a soft, dough-like substance commonly used by 3D and 4D printers, it relies on a sinewy combination of long, fine filaments held in place by a resin. Each filament is only 10 microns thick\u2014about 1\/10th the diameter of a human hair. The 4D composite printer unrolls its filament-resin mixture in ultra-thin layers at 90-degree angles from each other. The layers are then compacted together and cured in an oven at 180\u02daC, and then cooled down to 0\u02daC, creating an object that is stiff but not brittle.<\/p>\n<p>As the authors explain in their paper, this allows them to create a section of material with a uniform curvature that is sandwiched in between the wing flap&#8217;s upper and lower surfaces. It is flexible and strong enough to support the 20-degree deformation the wing requires for flight maneuverability.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The idea is to have a wing that can change its shape easily during flight, which would be a great benefit as compared to fixed-wing aircraft,&#8221; Hoa explains.<\/p>\n<p>He believes the composite 4D technology has great potential for all manner of applications. Its products&#8217; transportability, he says, is a major draw.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Because it is flat, it is easy to package to send to remote areas, from Canada&#8217;s Far North to outer space.&#8221;\n                                                                                                                        <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div class=\"article-main__explore my-4 d-print-none\">\n<p>                                            <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"text-medium text-info mt-2 d-inline-block\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2022-04-3d.html\">Making 3D printing truly 3D<\/a>\n                                        <\/div>\n<hr class=\"mb-4\"\/>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                                <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Suong Hoa et al, Development of a new flexible wing concept for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using corrugated core made by 4D printing of composites, <i>Composite Structures<\/i> (2022).  <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compstruct.2022.115444\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.compstruct.2022.115444<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium my-4\">\n                                                Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                    Concordia University<br \/>\n                                                                                                        <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.concordia.ca\/\"><br \/>\n                                                        <svg>\n                                                            <use href=\"https:\/\/techx.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v2\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n                                                        <\/svg><br \/>\n                                                    <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                 <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                 4D composite printing could improve the wings of drones (2022, May 10)<br \/>\n                                                 retrieved 10 May 2022<br \/>\n                                                 from https:\/\/techxplore.com\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2022-05-4d-composite-wings-drones.html<\/p>\n<p>                                            This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n                                            part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/techxplore.com\/news\/2022-05-4d-composite-wings-drones.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;4D composite printing could improve the wings of drones&#8221; Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain The aviation industry faces multiple pressures from higher fuel costs and increased scrutiny over the environmental and quality-of-life impacts from its aircraft. Researchers are looking for new methods of keeping expenses down while improving overall efficiency, and the relatively new market of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":444969,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/military-drone.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-444968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/444968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=444968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/444968\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/444969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=444968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=444968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=444968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}