{"id":460614,"date":"2022-06-10T14:00:49","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T11:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/"},"modified":"2022-06-10T14:00:49","modified_gmt":"2022-06-10T11:00:49","slug":"45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/","title":{"rendered":"#45 Years Later, The Apple II Still Has Lessons to Teach Us"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a40f995c2c35\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a40f995c2c35\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/#%E2%80%9C45_Years_Later_The_Apple_II_Still_Has_Lessons_to_Teach_Us%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;45 Years Later, The Apple II Still Has Lessons to Teach Us&#8221;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/#Apple_II_A_Computer_For_Everyone\" >Apple II: A Computer For Everyone<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/#How_Legends_Got_Started\" >How Legends Got Started<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/#%E2%80%9CThe_Best_Learning_Tool_in_the_World%E2%80%9D\" >\u201cThe Best Learning Tool in the World\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/#You_Owned_and_Controlled_It\" >You Owned and Controlled It<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9C45_Years_Later_The_Apple_II_Still_Has_Lessons_to_Teach_Us%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;45 Years Later, The Apple II Still Has Lessons to Teach Us&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<figure style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"type:primaryImage wp-image-809201 size-full\" data-pagespeed-no-defer=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/apple_2_kitchen_hero_1.jpg?width=1198&amp;trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"A man using an Apple II in a kitchen, 1970s, from a vintage Apple II advertisement.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" data-credittext=\"Apple, Inc.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"type:primaryImage imagecredit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">App<\/a>le, Inc.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>45 years after the Apple II personal computer launched, the tech industry has arguably moved away from a few of the core principals that launched Apple and the personal computer into the mainstream. We spoke with industry luminaries Tim Sweeney, John Romero, and Steve Wozniak about what the Apple II did right\u2014and what we can still learn from it today.<\/p>\n<h2 role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apple_II_A_Computer_For_Everyone\"><\/span>Apple II: A Computer For Everyone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Released in June 1977, the Apple II made waves as an easy-to-use computer aimed at average people. The original model included a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MOS_Technology_6502\">MOS 6502<\/a> CPU running at 1 MHz, a 40\u00d724 character text resolution, color graphics, composite video output, a cassette interface for storage, and eight internal expansion slots. It originally <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/oldcomputers.net\/appleii.html\">retailed<\/a> in variable configurations ranging from $1298 with 4K RAM, up to $2638 for 48K RAM (that\u2019s about $6,223 to\u00a0 <span id=\"answer\">$12,647 adjusted to today\u2019s dollars).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-810193\" data-pagespeed-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/apple2_steven_stengel.jpg?trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"An original Apple II computer.\" width=\"650\" height=\"258\" src=\"\/pagespeed_static\/1.JiBnMqyl6S.gif\" onload=\"pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"imagecredit\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/oldcomputers.net\/appleii.html\">Steven Stengel<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In 1978, Apple released a 5.25\u2033 floppy disk drive for the Apple II that could store 143 KB per disk, and the launch of VisiCalc in 1979 made the Apple II an essential purchase for small businesses. It also gained a strong foothold in education thanks to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.the74million.org\/article\/the-apple-story-is-an-education-story-a-steve-jobs-triumph-missing-from-the-movie\/\">efforts by Steve Jobs<\/a>, and elementary school <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/423125\/9-awesome-photos-of-school-computer-labs-from-the-1980s.html\">computer labs<\/a> in the US were often full of Apple II computers, introducing them to a generation. Over time, Apple released at least 8 computer models in the Apple II <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series<\/a> and continued to support it until 1993\u2014for 16 years.<\/p>\n<p>Like the Apple I before it, the Apple II notably integrated a \u201cterminal\u201d with a keyboard and video output directly into the computer itself, so there was no need for a separate teletype or CRT terminal interface. This made an entire Apple II system more compact and less expensive than other complete personal computer systems up to that point, although many PCs would soon follow the same integrated I\/O formula.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RELATED:<\/strong> <strong><em>What Are Teletypes, and Why Were They Used with Computers?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Legends_Got_Started\"><\/span>How Legends Got Started<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Apple II has been famous since the 1970s, but a lot has changed in the tech industry since then. So we wondered: Is there anything the Apple II did well that computers have lost sight of recently? To get some answers, we spoke to Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak (whom we\u2019ve interviewed separately). We also asked two legendary <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a> developers who began their software development careers programming on the Apple II.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 642px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-713662 size-full\" data-pagespeed-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/zzt_main_screen.png?trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"402\" src=\"\/pagespeed_static\/1.JiBnMqyl6S.gif\" onload=\"pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Sweeney\u2019s <em>ZZT <\/em>borrowed from the open ethos of the Apple II, despite being an IBM PC game.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Tim Sweeney, the CEO of Epic Games, programmed apps and games on the Apple II before founding Epic in 1991. \u201cMy first Apple II was a gift from my brother Steve Sweeney, nominally to my Dad, but I was the real audience,\u201d says Sweeney. \u201cCompared to the Commodore 64s and Ataris of the era, it was a pure computing device. No sprite acceleration, no graphics processor. You did everything yourself, and learned it all.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-810550 size-full\" data-pagespeed-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/romero_games_2.jpg?trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"Two of John Romero's Apple II games from the 1980s.\" width=\"650\" height=\"356\" data-credittext=\"MobyGames\" src=\"\/pagespeed_static\/1.JiBnMqyl6S.gif\" onload=\"pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Romero programmed many Apple II games in the 1980s, including these: <em>Pyramids of Egypt<\/em> (L) and <em>Dangerous Dave<\/em> (R). <span class=\"imagecredit\">MobyGames<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Similarly, Doom and Quake co-creator John Romero developed many Apple II games before co-founding id Software in 1991, making a name for himself in the field. \u201cWhen my parents finally bought an Apple II+ for the house in April 1982,\u201d says Romero, \u201cMy life was permanently set on its course as I spent every waking moment, for years, learning everything I could about the computer and making dozens of games, many that were published.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Here are some things that they think the Apple II did right\u2014and what we should be doing today. We corresponded via email, and their responses have been edited lightly for formatting.<\/p>\n<h2 role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CThe_Best_Learning_Tool_in_the_World%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u201cThe Best Learning Tool in the World\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When it came to developing software on the Apple II, both John Romero and Tim Sweeney agree that Woz\u2019s machine made programming very easy and accessible. \u201cThe Apple II was so attractive because it was small, easy to program, and had incredibly easy access to memory,\u201d says Romero. \u201cThe <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gunkies.org\/wiki\/Apple_II_Machine_Language_Monitor\">monitor program<\/a> allowed viewing and changing memory, so I really got to learn what a computer was like down at the byte-level. I could type machine code and assembly language into it and see the results. It was the best learning tool in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-810579\" data-pagespeed-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/apple_2_programming.jpg?trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"&quot;The Applesoft Tutorial&quot; book cover on an Apple II.\" width=\"650\" height=\"299\" src=\"\/pagespeed_static\/1.JiBnMqyl6S.gif\" onload=\"pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"imagecredit\">Benj Edwards<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>With the Apple II, the instant you turned it on, you were ready to jump into programming. Tim Sweeney recalls the ease of getting straight into the action. \u201cThe Apple II booted to a BASIC prompt, and you could im<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media<\/a>tely write code,\u201d says Sweeney. \u201cThe manuals documented everything, even the machine language and ROM. Every kid with a computer from that era grew up a programmer, because it was right there and so easy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>With today\u2019s PCs and Macs, you face a lengthy boot process to start up initially, and then programming them is something of a mystery, obscured from the average user. A computer owner typically has to go out of their way with special knowledge to acquire the tools necessary for programming a modern machine. But with an Apple II, all that was built in, and it was simple enough for one person to grasp the entire system. \u201cThe Apple II is understandable,\u201d Steve Wozniak told us. \u201cA single person can see into the Apple II design.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Romero sees the programmer-centric nature of the Apple II as a feature that is sorely missing today: \u201cOne of the best things about the Apple II was its accessibility for learning and programming. The immediate ability to code by just turning on the computer is unprecedented. You can\u2019t do that today. There are some great emulators or systems you can use today, like <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lexaloffle.com\/pico-8.php\">Pico8<\/a>, that create a mini-console environment that makes it fun and easy to learn how to program, but nothing will equal the power of the Apple II\u2014a state of the art machine that you could start coding within one second of turning it on.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sweeney\u2019s take agrees with Romero, and he provided some potential solutions for today\u2019s machines: \u201c[One thing lost today] is the role Apple II and other early computers played in teaching everyone to program, by booting up to the era\u2019s leading programming language,\u201d says Sweeney. \u201cWindows should put a programming prompt one key press away. <em>Fortnite<\/em> should put a programming prompt one key press away and, in time, we will. We need to launch a new era where programming is easy, and everyone\u2019s a programmer again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Some of this easy-programming philosophy lives on in the continued development of the Raspberry Pi project, which is over a decade old now. Its creator, Even Upton, saw that programming skills were waning in modern college students, and he also wanted to allow easy access to hardware control like the classic 1980s machines. But the Raspberry Pi is the exception these days. You can\u2019t just instantly power up, say, an iPhone and start programming\u2014then share the result freely with the world, which brings us to another point.<\/p>\n<h2 role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"You_Owned_and_Controlled_It\"><\/span>You Owned and Controlled It<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Digital Rights Management (DRM) <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2013\/03\/the-copyright-rule-we-need-to-repeal-if-we-want-to-preserve-our-cultural-heritage\/274049\/\">features prominently<\/a> in today\u2019s computer-powered devices, from smartphones to tractors. It\u2019s a way that manufacturers can lock down a product so that unauthorized software cannot run on it, and it\u2019s the exact opposite of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/3184115\/it-wasnt-the-money-wozniak-on-robots-design-and-apples-origins.html\">the open ethos<\/a> carried by Steve Wozniak when he designed his early computers.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, some manufacturers such as Apple today have labored to make their products <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/News\/45921\/is-this-the-end-of-the-repairable-iphone\">difficult to physically open<\/a> and service by unauthorized, unlicensed personnel. These restrictions give <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repair.org\/stand-up\">some people<\/a> the feeling that they don\u2019t really own the products they have bought, since they aren\u2019t free to use them (or even repair them) how they want.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-810557 size-full\" data-pagespeed-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/apple2_slots.jpg?trim=1,1&amp;bg-color=000&amp;pad=1,1\" alt=\"The Apple II with its lid open, showing its internal expansion slots.\" width=\"650\" height=\"376\" data-crediturl=\"http:\/\/oldcomputers.net\/appleii.html\" data-credittext=\"Steven Stengel\" src=\"\/pagespeed_static\/1.JiBnMqyl6S.gif\" onload=\"pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;pagespeed.lazyLoadImages.loadIfVisibleAndMaybeBeacon(this);\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Apple II was easy to expand or repair. <span class=\"imagecredit\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/oldcomputers.net\/appleii.html\">Steven Stengel<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In contrast, the Apple II included an open architecture that invited development of add-on hardware in the form of small plug-in cards. If you wanted in, you could just lift the lid on the top of the case. And Apple also allowed anyone to develop and distribute software for the Apple II. This openness created a large ecosystem around the machine fairly quickly, and it sustained the platform for 16 years.<\/p>\n<p>This philosophy strongly informed the work of Tim Sweeney, who has built games with free and open editing tools since ZZT in 1991. \u201c[The Apple II] was a wonderfully open and discoverable system defining the ethos of computers as tools working for the user,\u201d Sweeney says. \u201cThe history of companies from id Software to Epic Games begins with Apple II in the 1980s,\u201d says Sweeney. \u201cWe opened up our games and engines to users to modify and build on, as the Apple II opened up computing to us.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Some modern platforms, such as the iPhone, only allow licensed developers to create software for the platform. The iPhone also prevents owners from installing unlicensed software on their devices. This has led to criticism from industry veterans like Sweeney, whose company is in the middle of a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epicgames.com\/site\/th\/free-fortnite-faq?lang=th\">battle for open platforms<\/a>, including a recent lawsuit with Apple over fees in the App Store. \u201cWoz showed that user freedom and company profits can coexist,\u201d says Sweeney. \u201cWe\u2019re losing that now, ironically, to a malevolent spirited evolution of Apple itself, and need to fight to preserve our rightful freedoms.\u201d<\/p>\n<lite-youtube videoid=\"CN1djPMooVY\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/CN1djPMooVY\/hqdefault.jpg');\">\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"lty-playbtn\"><br \/>\n<span class=\"lyt-visually-hidden\">Play Video<\/span><br \/>\n<\/button>\n<\/lite-youtube>\n<p>Whether Apple\u2019s current trajectory toward closed systems is truly malevolent or just a natural extension of wanting to make as much money as possible (which, to be fair, Epic wants as well) is a value judgment beyond the scope of this piece. But it\u2019s a fact that closed computer systems have allowed <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/05\/17\/technology\/apple-china-censorship-data.html\">repressive governments<\/a> to spy on and persecute their people, something that most Americans would probably agree is a bad thing. The Apple II\u2019s spirit of freedom and openness seems compatible with traditional American values of liberty in a way that isn\u2019t necessarily reflected in today\u2019s closed architectures and DRM-locked app stores.<\/p>\n<p>When we asked Steve Wozniak (who was unaware of Sweeney\u2019s comments) what we can learn from the Apple II that modern platforms have forgotten, he gave a brief answer that emphasized openness on the Apple II: \u201cYou, the user, were in control yourself and owned it.\u201d The open ethos <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/appleinsider.com\/articles\/21\/07\/08\/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-speaks-in-support-of-right-to-repair\">is as important to him today<\/a> as it was in 1977 when he designed the Apple II. And as more aspects of society depend on services locked down with DRM, following the spirit of Woz may ensure that America stays free and open well into the future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n setTimeout(function(){\n  !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n  {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n  n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n  if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n  n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n  t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];\n  s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s) } (window, document,'script',\n  'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n   fbq('init', '335401813750447');\n   fbq('track', 'PageView');\n  },3000);\n<\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/809799\/45-years-later-the-apple-ii-still-has-lessons-to-teach-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;45 Years Later, The Apple II Still Has Lessons to Teach Us&#8221; Apple, Inc. 45 years after the Apple II personal computer launched, the tech industry has arguably moved away from a few of the core principals that launched Apple and the personal computer into the mainstream. We spoke with industry luminaries Tim Sweeney, John&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":460615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/www.howtogeek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/apple_2_kitchen_hero_1.jpg?height=200p&trim=2,2,2,2","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-460614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=460614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/460615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=460614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=460614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=460614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}