{"id":482331,"date":"2022-08-08T12:00:50","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T09:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/ancient-source-of-oxygen-for-life-hidden-deep-in-the-earths-crust\/"},"modified":"2022-08-08T12:00:50","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T09:00:50","slug":"ancient-source-of-oxygen-for-life-hidden-deep-in-the-earths-crust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/ancient-source-of-oxygen-for-life-hidden-deep-in-the-earths-crust\/","title":{"rendered":"#Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth&#8217;s crust"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a23a407aec5c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a23a407aec5c\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/ancient-source-of-oxygen-for-life-hidden-deep-in-the-earths-crust\/#%E2%80%9CAncient_source_of_oxygen_for_life_hidden_deep_in_the_Earths_crust%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth&#8217;s crust&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CAncient_source_of_oxygen_for_life_hidden_deep_in_the_Earths_crust%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth&#8217;s crust&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-2.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-2.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Researchers were able to simulate some of the key conditions of subsurface rock fracturing using vials in the lab. Rocks representative of oceanic and continental crust were crushed under nitrogen, added to oxygen-free water, then heated. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-2.jpg\" alt=\"Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth's crust\" title=\"Researchers were able to simulate some of the key conditions of subsurface rock fracturing using vials in the lab. Rocks representative of oceanic and continental crust were crushed under nitrogen, added to oxygen-free water, then heated. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Researchers were able to simulate some of the key conditions of subsurface rock fracturing using vials in the lab. Rocks representative of oceanic and continental crust were crushed under nitrogen, added to oxygen-free water, then heated. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Scientists at Newcastle University have uncovered a source of oxygen that may have influenced the evolution of life before the advent of photosynthesis.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\">\n         <!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>The pioneering research project, led by Newcastle University&#8217;s School of Natural and Environmental <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>s and published today in <i>Nature Communications,<\/i> uncovered a mechanism that can generate hydrogen peroxide from rocks during the movement of geological faults.<\/p>\n<p>While in high concentrations hydrogen peroxide can be harmful to life, it can also provide a useful source of oxygen to microbes. This additional source of oxygen may have influenced the early evolution, and feasibly even origin, of life in hot environments on the early Earth prior to the evolution of photosynthesis.<\/p>\n<p>In tectonically active regions, the movement of the Earth&#8217;s crust not only generates earthquakes but riddles the subsurface with cracks and fractures lined with highly reactive rock surfaces containing many imperfections, or defects. Water can then filter down and react with these defects on the newly fractured rock.<\/p>\n<p>In the laboratory, Masters student Jordan Stone simulated these conditions by crushing granite, basalt and peridotite\u2014rock types that would have been present in the early Earth&#8217;s crust. These were then added to water under well controlled oxygen-free conditions at varying temperatures.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"The research investigates a source of reactive oxygen associated with geological faulting; a potential oxygen source prior to cyanobacteria oxygenating the Earth\u2019s atmosphere. This reactive oxygen may had a role in the evolution of life from an oxygen-free to an oxygenated world, and contributed to prebiotic chemistry in subsurface fractures prior to the origin of life. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg.jpg\" alt=\"Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth's crust\" title=\"The research investigates a source of reactive oxygen associated with geological faulting; a potential oxygen source prior to cyanobacteria oxygenating the Earth\u2019s atmosphere. This reactive oxygen may had a role in the evolution of life from an oxygen-free to an oxygenated world, and contributed to prebiotic chemistry in subsurface fractures prior to the origin of life. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                The research investigates a source of reactive oxygen associated with geological faulting; a potential oxygen source prior to cyanobacteria oxygenating the Earth\u2019s atmosphere. This reactive oxygen may had a role in the evolution of life from an oxygen-free to an oxygenated world, and contributed to prebiotic chemistry in subsurface fractures prior to the origin of life. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The experiments demonstrated that substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide\u2014and as a result, potentially oxygen\u2014was only generated at temperatures close to the boiling point of water. Importantly, the temperature of hydrogen peroxide formation overlaps the growth ranges of some of the most heat-loving microbes on Earth called hyperthermophiles, including evolutionary ancient oxygen-using microbes near the root of the Universal Tree of Life.<\/p>\n<p>Lead author Jordan Stone, who conducted this research as part of his MRes in Environmental Geoscience, said: &#8220;While previous research has suggested that small amounts of hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants can be formed by stressing or crushing of rocks in the absence of oxygen, this is the first study to show the vital importance of hot temperatures in maximizing hydrogen peroxide generation.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Principal Investigator Dr. Jon Telling, Senior Lecturer, added: &#8220;This research shows that defects on crushed rock and minerals can behave very differently to how you would expect more &#8216;perfect&#8217; mineral surfaces to react. All these mechanochemical reactions need to generate hydrogen peroxide, and therefore oxygen, is water, crushed rocks, and high temperatures, which were all present on the early Earth before the evolution of photosynthesis and which could have influenced the chemistry and microbiology in hot, seismically active regions where life may have first evolved.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-1.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-1.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Lead author Jordan Stone, who conducted this research as part of his MRes in Environmental Geoscience at Newcastle University, UK, sets up one of the experiments. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-1.jpg\" alt=\"Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth's crust\" title=\"Lead author Jordan Stone, who conducted this research as part of his MRes in Environmental Geoscience at Newcastle University, UK, sets up one of the experiments. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                Lead author Jordan Stone, who conducted this research as part of his MRes in Environmental Geoscience at Newcastle University, UK, sets up one of the experiments. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/ Newcastle University<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The work was supported through grants from the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) and the UK Space Agency. A major new follow-up <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/research.ncl.ac.uk\/cerberus\/\">project<\/a> led by Dr. Jon Telling, funded by NERC, is underway to determine the significance of this mechanism for supporting life in the Earth&#8217;s subsurface.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div class=\"article-main__explore my-4 d-print-none\">\n<p>                                            Weathering rocks hold clues to Earth&#8217;s Great Oxidation Event\n                                        <\/p><\/div>\n<hr class=\"mb-4\"\/>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                                <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Tectonically-driven oxidant production in the hot biosphere, <i>Nature Communications<\/i> (2022). <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-32129-y\">DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-022-32129-y<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium my-4\">\n                                                Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                    Newcastle University<br \/>\n                                                                                                        <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncl.ac.uk\/\"><br \/>\n                                                        <svg>\n                                                            <use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n                                                        <\/svg><br \/>\n                                                    <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                 <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                 Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth&#8217;s crust (2022, August  8)<br \/>\n                                                 retrieved  8 August 2022<br \/>\n                                                 from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2022-08-ancient-source-oxygen-life-hidden.html<\/p>\n<p>                                            This document is subject to copyright. 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Rocks representative of oceanic and continental crust were crushed under nitrogen, added to oxygen-free water, then heated. Credit: Jon Telling \/ Jordan Stone \/&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":482332,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/ancient-source-of-oxyg-2.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-482331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/482331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=482331"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/482331\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/482332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=482331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=482331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=482331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}