{"id":485287,"date":"2022-08-16T22:39:11","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T19:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/"},"modified":"2022-08-16T22:39:11","modified_gmt":"2022-08-16T19:39:11","slug":"deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/","title":{"rendered":"#DeepMind feuds with Russian scientists over quantum AI research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6af09647406d2\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6af09647406d2\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/#%E2%80%9CDeepMind_feuds_with_Russian_scientists_over_quantum_AI_research%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;DeepMind feuds with Russian scientists over quantum AI research&#8221;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/#A_new_hope\" >A new hope<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/#Greetings_humanoids\" >Greetings, humanoids<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/#The_academics_strike_back\" >The academics strike back<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/#Return_of_the_AI\" >Return of the AI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/deepmind-feuds-with-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\/#What_now\" >What now?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CDeepMind_feuds_with_Russian_scientists_over_quantum_AI_research%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;DeepMind feuds with Russian scientists over quantum AI research&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div id=\"article-main-content\">\n                            There\u2019s nothing quite so dramatic and inspirational as a scientific breakthrough. But what h<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ens when different groups of scientists can\u2019t seem to agree on the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p>DeepMind, an Alphabet research company based in London, published a fascinating research paper last year wherein it claimed to have solved the huge challenge of \u201csimulating matter on the quantum scale with AI.\u201d Now, nearly eight months later, a group of academic researchers from Russia and South Korea may have uncovered a problem with the original research that places the paper\u2019s entire conclusion in doubt.<\/p>\n<p>The implications for this cutting-edge research could be huge, if the paper\u2019s conclusions are true. In essence, we\u2019re talking about the potential to use artificial intelligence <span>to discover new ways to manipulate the building blocks of matter. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_new_hope\"><\/span>A new hope<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"inarticle-wrapper neural channel-cta hs-embed-tnw\">\n<div id=\"hs-embed-tnw\" class=\"channel-cta-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"channel-cta-img\"><img class=\"js-lazy\" https:=\"\"\/><\/div>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/src=\" https:=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<div class=\"channel-cta-input\">\n<h2 class=\"channel-cta-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Greetings_humanoids\"><\/span>Greetings, humanoids<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"channel-cta-tagline\">Subscribe to our <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>letter now for a weekly recap of our favorite AI stories in your inbox.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The big idea here involves being able to simulate quantum interactions. Our world is made up of matter which is made up of molecules that are made up of atoms. At each level of abstraction, it becomes harder and harder to simulate.<\/p>\n<p>By the time you reach the quantum level, which exists inside of atoms, the problem of simulating potential interactions becomes incredibly challenging.<\/p>\n<p>Per <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deepmind.com\/blog\/simulating-matter-on-the-quantum-scale-with-ai\">a blog post<\/a> from DeepMind:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>To do this on a computer requires the simulation of electrons, the subatomic particles that govern how atoms bond to form molecules and are also responsible for the flow of electricity in solids.<\/p>\n<p>Despite decades of effort and several significant advances, accurately modelling the quantum mechanical behaviour of electrons remains an open challenge.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The basic problem is that it\u2019s really hard to predict the probabilities of a given electron ending up in a specific position. And the complexity increases the more you add.<\/p>\n<p>As DeepMind pointed out in the same blog post, a pair of physicists back in the 1960s came up with a breakthrough:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pierre Hohenberg and Walter Kohn realised that it is not necessary to track each electron individually. Instead, knowing the probability for any electron to be at each position (i.e., the electron density) is sufficient to exactly compute all interactions. Kohn received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry after proving this, thus founding Density Functional Theory (DFT).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Unfortunately, DFT could only simplify the process so far. The \u201cfunctional\u201d part of the theory relied on humans to do all the heavy lifting.<\/p>\n<p>That all changed back in December when DeepMind published <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abj6511\">a paper<\/a> entitled \u201cPushing the frontiers of density functionals by solving the fractional electron problem.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In this paper, the DeepMind team claims to have radically improved current methods for modeling quantum behavior through the development of a neural network:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>By expressing the functional as a neural network and incorporating these exact properties into the training data, we learn functionals free from important systematic errors \u2014 resulting in a better description of a broad class of chemical reactions.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_academics_strike_back\"><\/span>The academics strike back<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>DeepMind\u2019s paper made it through the initial, formal review process and all was well. Until August 2022 rolled around and a team of eight academics from Russia and South Korea published <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abq3385\">a comment<\/a> questioning its conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>Per <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2022-08-scientists-deepmind-ai-good-fractional-charge.html\">a press release<\/a> from Skolkovo Institute of Science and <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>DeepMind AI\u2019s ability to <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/general\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"3\" title=\"General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general<\/a>ize the behavior of such systems does not follow from the published results and requires revisiting.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>In other words: the academics are disputing how DeepMind\u2019s AI came to its conclusions.<\/p>\n<p>According to the commenting researchers, the training process that DeepMind used to build its neural network taught it how to memorize the answers to the specific problems it was going to face during benchmarking \u2014 the process by which scientists determine if one approach is better than another.<\/p>\n<p>In their comment, the researchers write:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Although the conclusion of Kirkpatrick et al. about the role of FC\/FS systems in the training set may be correct, it is not the only possible explanation for their observations.<\/p>\n<p>In our opinion, the improvements in the performance of DM21 on the BBB test dataset relative to DM21m may be caused by a much more prosaic reason: an unintended overlap between the training and test datasets.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>If this is true, it would mean DeepMind didn\u2019t actually teach a neural network to predict quantum mechanics.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Return_of_the_AI\"><\/span>Return of the AI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>DeepMind was quick to respond. The company published its response on the same day as the comment and provided an im<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media<\/a>te and firm rebuke:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We disagree with their analysis and believe that the points raised are either incorrect or not relevant to the main conclusions of the paper and to the assessment of general quality of DM21.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The team expands on this throughout its retort:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>DM21 is not memorizing the data; this is simply shown by the fact that the DM21 Exc changes over the full range of distances considered in BBB and is not equal to the infinite separation limit, as shown in Fig. 1, A and B, for H2+ and H2. For example, at 6 \u00c5, the DM21 Exc is ~13 kcal\/mol from the infinite limit in both H2+ and H2 (although in opposite directions).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>And, while it\u2019s beyond the scope of this article to explain the above jargon, we can safely assume that DeepMind was likely prepared for that particular objection.<\/p>\n<p>As to whether that solves the problem remains to be seen. At this point, we\u2019ve yet to see further rebuttal from the academic team to see if their concerns have been assuaged.<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, it\u2019s possible that the ramifications of this discussion could go far beyond just affecting a single research paper.<\/p>\n<p>As the fields of artificial intelligence and quantum science become increasingly intertwined, they\u2019re also becoming more and more dominated by corporate research tanks with deep pockets.<\/p>\n<p>What happens when there\u2019s a scientific deadlock \u2014 opposing sides are unable to agree on the efficacy of a given technological approach via the scientific method \u2014 and corporate interests come into play?<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_now\"><\/span>What now?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The core of the problem could lie in the inability to explain how AI models \u201ccrunch the numbers\u201d to come to the conclusions they do.<\/p>\n<p>These systems can go through millions of permutations before outputting an answer. It would be impossible to explain every step of the process, which is exactly why we need algorithmic shortcuts and AI to brute force mass-scale problems that would be too large for a human or computer to solve head on.<\/p>\n<p>Eventually, as AI systems continue to scale, we could reach a point where we no longer have the tools necessary to understand how they work. When this happens, we could see a divergence between corporate technology and that which passes external peer review.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not to say DeepMind\u2019s paper is an example of this. As the commenting academic team wrote in their press release:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The usage of fractional-electrons systems in the training set is not the only novelty in the work by DeepMind. Their idea of introducing the physical constraints into a neural network via the training set, as well as the approach for imposing physical sense through training on the correct chemical potential, are likely to be widely used in construction of neural network DFT functionals in the future.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>But we\u2019re experiencing a bold, new, AI-powered technology paradigm. It\u2019s probably time we started considering what the future looks like in a post-peer-review world.\n                        <\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/deepmind-feuds-russian-scientists-over-quantum-ai-research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;DeepMind feuds with Russian scientists over quantum AI research&#8221; There\u2019s nothing quite so dramatic and inspirational as a scientific breakthrough. But what happens when different groups of scientists can\u2019t seem to agree on the science? DeepMind, an Alphabet research company based in London, published a fascinating research paper last year wherein it claimed to have&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":485288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/neural?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2022\/08\/fightrobots.jpg&signature=e7f71ca542a0269805511bc1ef788a54","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-485287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=485287"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485287\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/485288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=485287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=485287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=485287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}