{"id":499740,"date":"2022-10-10T18:09:03","date_gmt":"2022-10-10T15:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/when-emotions-enter-the-equation\/"},"modified":"2022-10-10T18:09:03","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T15:09:03","slug":"when-emotions-enter-the-equation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/when-emotions-enter-the-equation\/","title":{"rendered":"#When emotions enter the equation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2d793e1f75b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2d793e1f75b\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/when-emotions-enter-the-equation\/#%E2%80%9CWhen_emotions_enter_the_equation%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;When emotions enter the equation&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CWhen_emotions_enter_the_equation%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;When emotions enter the equation&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2022\/emotion-blocks.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/emotion-blocks.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Credit: Unsplash\/CC0 Public Domain\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2022\/emotion-blocks.jpg\" alt=\"emotion blocks\" title=\"Credit: Unsplash\/CC0 Public Domain\" width=\"800\" height=\"493\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Credit: Unsplash\/CC0 Public Domain<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>As brilliantly visualized in the Disney-Pixar animated movie &#8220;Inside Out&#8221; (2015), emotions guide most of our actions, if not all. However, for a long time, economists did not pay much attention to emotions and how they shape our behavior.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\">\n         <!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>The same holds for traditional <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a> theory, which assumes that the players&#8217; moves are driven by an outcome-dependent utility.  In order to account for more complex motivations, such as reciprocity and guilt, the broader mathematical framework of psychological game theory allows a player&#8217;s utility function to depend on the player&#8217;s beliefs, including her beliefs about other players&#8217; beliefs. For example, empirical evidence confirms that people are willing to give up some material payoffs to improve other people&#8217;s opinion of them.<\/p>\n<p>Psychological game theory allows accounting for emotions, such as guilt, dis<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ointment, regret, joy, frustration, anger, anxiety, shame, fear, etc. It can also model reciprocity (the inclination to respond to kindness with kindness), which is one of the building blocks of human interactions. Finally, as mentioned, it can accommodate a player&#8217;s concern about what others think of her, a motivation that is particularly present in today&#8217;s reputation-focused society.<\/p>\n<p>After contributing to the development of this branch of game theory throughout the last 15 years, Pierpaolo Battigalli (Bocconi) and Martin Dufwenberg (University of Arizona) have reviewed the state of the art of psychological game theory in a paper which has just been published in the <i>Journal of Economic Literature<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Psychological game theory lends itself to a variety of applications, ranging from fashion choices to tax evasion. In this latter setting, for example, shame avoidance can play an important role. In fact, it has been shown that whether tax returns are private or public influences the citizens&#8217; honesty in this regard. Even the dynamics that we have witnessed during the recent pandemic\u2014with many emotions such as anxiety, fear, frustration and anger at play\u2014represent another of the many areas of application for psychological game theory.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I hope,&#8221; concludes Professor Battigalli, &#8220;that our review can inspire new applications, but also further theoretical investigation on some open questions. For example, even though accounting for emotions, all the currently-available work in psychological game theory assumes that players are rational. Note that emotions are not in contrast with rationality. In fact, they are modeled as a part of the players&#8217; utility in psychological game theory. However, some emotions such as anxiety and anger can hamper rational thinking. The current form of psychological game theory is not equipped to model such effects, but I am confident that specific applications can pave the way for more comprehensive modeling.&#8221;<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<div class=\"article-main__explore my-4 d-print-none\">\n<p>                                            <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"text-medium text-info mt-2 d-inline-block\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/news\/2022-08-violent-video-games.html\">Why do we like to play violent video games?<\/a>\n                                        <\/div>\n<hr class=\"mb-4\"\/>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                                <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Pierpaolo Battigalli et al, Belief-Dependent Motivations and Psychological Game Theory, <i>Journal of Economic Literature<\/i> (2022).  <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1257\/jel.20201378\">DOI: 10.1257\/jel.20201378<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                                Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                    Bocconi University<\/p>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                 <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                 Psychological game theory: When emotions enter the equation (2022, October 10)<br \/>\n                                                 retrieved 10 October 2022<br \/>\n                                                 from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2022-10-psychological-game-theory-emotions-equation.html<\/p>\n<p>                                            This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n                                            part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2022-10-psychological-game-theory-emotions-equation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;When emotions enter the equation&#8221; Credit: Unsplash\/CC0 Public Domain As brilliantly visualized in the Disney-Pixar animated movie &#8220;Inside Out&#8221; (2015), emotions guide most of our actions, if not all. However, for a long time, economists did not pay much attention to emotions and how they shape our behavior. The same holds for traditional game theory,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":499741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/emotion-blocks.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-499740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/499740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=499740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/499740\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/499741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=499740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=499740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=499740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}