{"id":518551,"date":"2022-11-30T13:58:01","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T10:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/former-president-jiang-zemin-who-guided-chinas-rise-dies\/"},"modified":"2022-11-30T13:58:01","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T10:58:01","slug":"former-president-jiang-zemin-who-guided-chinas-rise-dies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/former-president-jiang-zemin-who-guided-chinas-rise-dies\/","title":{"rendered":"#Former President Jiang Zemin, who guided China\u2019s rise, dies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a408dcf2237c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a408dcf2237c\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/former-president-jiang-zemin-who-guided-chinas-rise-dies\/#Former_President_Jiang_Zemin_who_guided_Chinas_rise_dies\" >Former President Jiang Zemin, who guided China\u2019s rise, dies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Former_President_Jiang_Zemin_who_guided_Chinas_rise_dies\"><\/span>Former President Jiang Zemin, who guided China\u2019s rise, dies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<figure class=\"caas-figure\">\n<div style=\"\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"caas-img-container noheight\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"caas-img has-preview\" alt=\"Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin attends the closing ceremony for the 18th Communist Party Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, Wednesday Nov. 14, 2012. (Lee Jin-man\/AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/9.xgxF7.RHU_yLnNGuvCsw--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/e930ec20-709c-11ed-afbd-fa692443eb28\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption-collapse\">Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin attends the closing ceremony for the 18th Communist Party Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, Wednesday Nov. 14, 2012. (Lee Jin-man\/AP)<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>BEIJING (AP) \u2014 Former President Jiang Zemin, who led China out of isolation after the army crushed the Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests in 1989 and supported economic reforms that led to a decade of explosive growth, died Wednesday. He was 96.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang died of leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai, where he was a former mayor and Communist Party secretary, state TV and the official Xinhua <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News<\/a> Agency reported.<\/p>\n<p>A surprise choice to lead a divided Communist Party after the 1989 turmoil, Jiang saw China through history-making changes including a revival of market-oriented reforms, the return of Hong Kong from British rule in 1997 and Beijing\u2019s entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Even as China opened to the outside, Jiang\u2019s government stamped out dissent. It jailed human rights, labor and pro-democracy activists and banned the Falun Gong spiritual movement, which the ruling party saw as a threat to its monopoly on power.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang gave up his last official title in 2004 but remained a force behind the scenes in the wrangling that led to the rise of current President Xi Jinping, who took power in 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Xi has tightened political control, crushed China\u2019s little remaining dissent and reasserted the dominance of state industry.<\/p>\n<p>Rumors that Jiang might be in declining health spread after he missed a ruling party congress in October at which Xi, China&#8217;s most powerful figure since at least the 1980s, broke with tradition and awarded himself a third five-year term as leader.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang was on the verge of retirement as Shanghai party leader in 1989 when he was drafted by then-paramount leader leader Deng Xiaoping to pull together the party and nation. He succeeded Zhao Ziyang, who was dismissed by Deng due to his sympathy for the student-led Tiananmen Square protesters and was held under house arrest until his 2005 death.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"caas-figure\">\n<div style=\"\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"caas-img-container caas-img-loader noheight\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"caas-img caas-lazy has-preview\" alt=\"Then Chinese President Jiang Zemin delivers his speech during the handover ceremony in Hong Kong, June 30, 1997. (Kimimasa Mayama\/Pool Photo via AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/3wA8ju9XT3f3wWj1Ti8LVw--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/148e4d40-709d-11ed-bffb-0287b0c503fa\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Then Chinese President Jiang Zemin delivers his speech during the handover ceremony in Hong Kong, June 30, 1997. (Kimimasa Mayama\/Pool Photo via AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/3wA8ju9XT3f3wWj1Ti8LVw--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/148e4d40-709d-11ed-bffb-0287b0c503fa\" class=\"caas-img\"><\/noscript><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><figcaption class=\"caption-collapse\">Then Chinese President Jiang Zemin delivers his speech during the handover ceremony in Hong Kong, June 30, 1997. (Kimimasa Mayama\/Pool Photo via AP)<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>In 13 years as party <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/general\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"3\" title=\"General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general<\/a> secretary, China&#8217;s most powerful post, Jiang guided the country&#8217;s rise to economic power by welcoming capitalists into the ruling party and pulling in foreign investment after China joined the WTO. China passed Germany and then Japan to become the second-largest economy after the United States.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang captured a political prize when Beijing was picked as the site of the 2008 Summer Olympics after failing in an earlier bid.<\/p>\n<p>A former soap factory manager, Jiang c<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ed his career with the communist era\u2019s first orderly succession, handing over his post as party leader in 2002 to Hu Jintao, who also took the ceremonial title of president the following year.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang tried to hold onto influence by staying on as chairman of the Central Military Commission, which controls the party\u2019s military wing, the 2 million-member People\u2019s Liberation Army. He gave up that post in 2004 following complaints he might divide the government.<\/p>\n<p>Even after he left office, Jiang had influence over promotions through his network of proteges.<\/p>\n<p>He was said to be frustrated that Deng had picked Hu as the next leader, blocking Jiang from installing his own successor. But Jiang was considered successful in elevating allies to the party\u2019s seven-member Standing Committee, China\u2019s inner circle of power, when Xi became leader in 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Portly and owlish in oversize glasses, Jiang was an ebullient figure who played the piano and enjoyed singing, in contrast to his more reserved successors, Hu and Xi.<\/p>\n<p>He spoke enthusiastic if halting English and would recite the Gettysburg Address for foreign visitors. On a visit to Britain, he tried to coax Queen Elizabeth II into singing karaoke.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang had faded from public sight and last appeared publicly alongside current and former leaders atop Beijing\u2019s Tiananmen Gate at a 2019 military parade celebrating the party\u2019s 70th anniversary in power.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang was born Aug. 17, 1926, in the affluent eastern city of Yangzhou. Official biographies downplay his family\u2019s middle-class background, emphasizing instead his uncle and adoptive father, Jiang Shangqing, an early revolutionary who was killed in battle in 1939.<\/p>\n<p>After graduating from the electrical machinery department of Jiaotong University in Shanghai in 1947, Jiang advanced through the ranks of state-controlled industries, working in a food factory, then soap-making and China\u2019s biggest automobile plant.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"caas-figure\">\n<div style=\"\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"caas-img-container caas-img-loader noheight\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"caas-img caas-lazy has-preview\" alt=\"Then U.S. President Bill Clinton, right, and then Chinese President Jiang Zemin smile as they stand together on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington during a state arrival ceremony for the Chinese president, Oct. 29, 1997. (Wilfredo Lee\/AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/szFc5pFpWBgmaKoq_pXKHQ--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/3dfe3640-709d-11ed-8b63-618e02083195\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Then U.S. President Bill Clinton, right, and then Chinese President Jiang Zemin smile as they stand together on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington during a state arrival ceremony for the Chinese president, Oct. 29, 1997. (Wilfredo Lee\/AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/szFc5pFpWBgmaKoq_pXKHQ--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/3dfe3640-709d-11ed-8b63-618e02083195\" class=\"caas-img\"><\/noscript><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><figcaption class=\"caption-collapse\">Then U.S. President Bill Clinton, right, and then Chinese President Jiang Zemin smile as they stand together on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington during a state arrival ceremony for the Chinese president, Oct. 29, 1997. (Wilfredo Lee\/AP)<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Like many technocratic officials, Jiang spent part of the ultra-radical 1966-76 Cultural Revolution as a farm laborer. His career rise resumed, and in 1983 he was named minister of the electronics industry, then a key but backward sector the government hoped to revive by inviting foreign investment.<\/p>\n<p>As mayor of Shanghai in 1985-89, Jiang impressed foreign visitors as a representative of a new breed of outward-looking Chinese leaders.<\/p>\n<p>A tough political fighter, Jiang defied predictions that his stint as leader would be short. He consolidated power by promoting members of his \u201cShanghai faction\u201d and giving the military double-digit annual percentage increases in spending.<\/p>\n<p>Foreign leaders and CEOs who shunned Beijing after the crackdown were persuaded to return.<\/p>\n<p>When Deng emerged from retirement in 1992 to push for reviving market-style reform in the face of conservative opposition after the Tiananmen crackdown, Jiang followed.<\/p>\n<p>He supported Premier Zhu Rongji, the party\u2019s No. 3 leader, who forced through painful changes that slashed as many as 40 million jobs from state industry in the late 1990s.<\/p>\n<p>Zhu launched the privatization of urban housing, igniting a building boom that transformed Chinese cities into forests of high-rises and propelled economic growth.<\/p>\n<p>After 12 years of negotiations and a flight by Zhu to Washington to lobby the Clinton administration for support, China joined the WTO in 2001, cementing its position as a magnet for foreign investment.<\/p>\n<p>Despite a genial public image, Jiang dealt severely with challenges to ruling party power.<\/p>\n<p>His highest-profile target was Falun Gong, a meditation group founded in the early \u201990s. Chinese leaders were spooked by its ability to attract tens of thousands of followers, including military officers.<\/p>\n<p>Activists who tried to form an opposition China Democracy Party, a move permitted by Chinese law, were sentenced to up to 12 years in prison on subversion charges.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStability above all else,\u201d Jiang ordered, in a phrase his successors have used to justify intensive <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social<\/a> controls.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"caas-figure\">\n<div style=\"\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"caas-img-container caas-img-loader noheight\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"caas-img caas-lazy has-preview\" alt=\"Jiang Zemin, then China Central Military Commission chairman, meets with Condoleezza Rice, then U.S .National Security Adviser, in Beijing, China. (AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/hepFA5P0HAIOj7LxG4.HFA--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/857afe40-709d-11ed-9f7b-57fe0f9c01bd\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jiang Zemin, then China Central Military Commission chairman, meets with Condoleezza Rice, then U.S .National Security Adviser, in Beijing, China. (AP)\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/hepFA5P0HAIOj7LxG4.HFA--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/os\/creatr-uploaded-images\/2022-11\/857afe40-709d-11ed-9f7b-57fe0f9c01bd\" class=\"caas-img\"><\/noscript><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><figcaption class=\"caption-collapse\">Jiang Zemin, then China Central Military Commission chairman, meets with Condoleezza Rice, then U.S .National Security Adviser, in Beijing, China. (AP)<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>It fell to Jiang, standing beside Britain\u2019s Prince Charles, to preside over the return of Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, symbolizing the end of 150 years of European colonialism. The nearby Portuguese territory of Macao was returned to China in 1999.<\/p>\n<p>Hong Kong was promised autonomy and became a springboard for mainland companies to go abroad. Meanwhile, Jiang turned to coercion with Taiwan, the self-ruled island Beijing says is part of its territory.<\/p>\n<p>During Taiwan\u2019s first direct presidential election in 1996, Jiang\u2019s government tried to intimidate voters by firing missiles into nearby shipping lanes. The United States responded by sending warships to the area in a show of support.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, trade between the mainland and Taiwan grew to billions of dollars a year.<\/p>\n<p>China\u2019s economic boom split society into winners and losers as waves of rural residents migrated to factory jobs in cities, the economy grew sevenfold and urban incomes by nearly as much.<\/p>\n<p>Protests, once rare, spread as millions lost state jobs and farmers complained about rising taxes and fees. Divorce rates climbed. Corruption flourished.<\/p>\n<p>One of Jiang\u2019s sons, Jiang Mianheng, courted controversy in the late 1990s as a telecommunications dealmaker and later the chairman of phone company China Netcom Co.<\/p>\n<p>Critics accused him of misusing his father\u2019s status to promote his career, a common complaint against the children of party leaders.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang Mianheng, who has a Ph.D. from Drexel University, went on to hold prominent academic positions, including president of ShanghaiTech University in his father\u2019s old power base.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang is survived by his two sons and his wife, Wang Yeping, who worked in government bureaucracies in charge of state industries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more News articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aol.com\/news\/former-president-jiang-zemin-guided-105801083.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Former President Jiang Zemin, who guided China\u2019s rise, dies Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin attends the closing ceremony for the 18th Communist Party Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, Wednesday Nov. 14, 2012. (Lee Jin-man\/AP) BEIJING (AP) \u2014 Former President Jiang Zemin, who led China out of isolation after the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":518552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/.P85J8_iw32b0mQEeW0PbQ--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyMDA7aD04MzQ-\/https:\/\/media.zenfs.com\/en\/ap.org\/1c37e98937e4edf469149b5d9c7a4abf","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70897],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-518551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518551"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518551\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/518552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=518551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=518551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}