{"id":535584,"date":"2023-01-05T15:53:16","date_gmt":"2023-01-05T12:53:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/physicists-model-cell-migration-to-learn-how-cancer-cells-navigate-tissue\/"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:53:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T12:53:16","slug":"physicists-model-cell-migration-to-learn-how-cancer-cells-navigate-tissue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/physicists-model-cell-migration-to-learn-how-cancer-cells-navigate-tissue\/","title":{"rendered":"#Physicists model cell migration to learn how cancer cells navigate tissue"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a42b70361164\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a42b70361164\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/physicists-model-cell-migration-to-learn-how-cancer-cells-navigate-tissue\/#%E2%80%9CPhysicists_model_cell_migration_to_learn_how_cancer_cells_navigate_tissue%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Physicists model cell migration to learn how cancer cells navigate tissue&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CPhysicists_model_cell_migration_to_learn_how_cancer_cells_navigate_tissue%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Physicists model cell migration to learn how cancer cells navigate tissue&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/physicists-model-cell.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/physicists-model-cell.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"This schematic shows the intracellular organization that drives nucleus movement and mesenchymal migration. The image on the right is a close-up view of the cell edge and depicts the coupling between the actomyosin complexes with myosin motors, molecular clutches (blue) between the cell and the integrin ligands of the extracellular matrix at the focal adhesion site, and polymerizing actin (red lines) that drive edge protrusion. Credit: Wenya Shu\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/physicists-model-cell.jpg\" alt=\"Physicists model cell migration to learn how cancer cells navigate tissue\" title=\"This schematic shows the intracellular organization that drives nucleus movement and mesenchymal migration. The image on the right is a close-up view of the cell edge and depicts the coupling between the actomyosin complexes with myosin motors, molecular clutches (blue) between the cell and the integrin ligands of the extracellular matrix at the focal adhesion site, and polymerizing actin (red lines) that drive edge protrusion. Credit: Wenya Shu\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                This schematic shows the intracellular organization that drives nucleus movement and mesenchymal migration. The image on the right is a close-up view of the cell edge and depicts the coupling between the actomyosin complexes with myosin motors, molecular clutches (blue) between the cell and the integrin ligands of the extracellular matrix at the focal adhesion site, and polymerizing actin (red lines) that drive edge protrusion. Credit: Wenya Shu<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>During mesenchymal migration, a cancer cell moves like a gecko on a wall.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\"><!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><br \/>\n      <\/section>\n<p>Before choosing this mode of movement, the cell sizes up the surface to which it may stick, explained physicist Nadir Kaplan. If the surface isn&#8217;t too stiff or soft and the path forward isn&#8217;t too constricting, the round cell will rapidly grow protrusions that act like temporary limbs, jutting forward and sticking to the surface. The cell will then pull itself forward and retract its rear and repeat the process.<\/p>\n<p>This migration mode is one of the ways cancer cells navigate tissue during metastasis. In a study published in the <i>Biophysical Journal<\/i>, postdoctoral physics fellow Wenya Shu and Kaplan, an assistant professor of physics in the College of <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>, explored mesenchymal migration through cell simulations and mathematical modeling. Their aim: to learn more about how cancer cells size up surrounding tissue for stiffness and adapt their gecko-like movements in response.<\/p>\n<p>The model and its insights on mesenchymal migration are a first step in learning how cancer cells migrate on the whole, Shu said. Cell migration is complex: Cells make use of multiple modes of migration, both individually and in colonies. &#8220;That&#8217;s the advantage of coming up with a computational model here,&#8221; he said. &#8220;We can dissect the effects of many ingredients at play.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Experiments show that during mesenchymal migration, cells adapt how they navigate tissue based on stiffness: They&#8217;re drawn to tissue surfaces\u2014or substrates\u2014that are not too stiff or too soft. Cells can&#8217;t grow and attach their protrusions efficiently to too-stiff substrates, and if cells grab onto too-soft tissue, they&#8217;ll end up pulling it back toward their bodies, rather than using it to pull themselves forward. Shu and Kaplan&#8217;s cell simulations backed these experimental findings.<\/p>\n<p>Their simulations confirmed to the researchers that cells distinguish between soft and stiff surfaces by comparing them to the physical properties of their own soft bodies. Substrate material properties will then affect the directions cells take as well as how efficiently they move.<\/p>\n<p>To ensure that the model accurately simulated cancer cell migration, Kaplan and Shu built in not only how cells respond to the substrate mechanics of tissue, but also how they tune their internal biochemical signals. While navigating tissue, cells may also respond chemically to the secretions of a nutrition source in the body. The researchers&#8217; model is the first to simulate how both of these drivers of cell motion play out, Shu said.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers found that cells prefer moving in the direction determined by their strong internal chemical signaling, whether or not the overall motion is efficient. But without a strong chemical signal to follow, they focus on substrate properties.<\/p>\n<p>By piecing these elements of mesenchymal migration together and reproducing them in a model, Kaplan sees a move toward better understanding and pinpointing how and where metastasis may occur.<\/p>\n<p>Metastasis also may involve multiple cell migration modes. Mesenchymal migration tends to be the initial mode of migration through tissue and into vessels, but cells often pivot to amoeboid migration. Whereas cells move like geckos in the former mode, the latter has them moving more like tank treads. &#8220;They just roll forward,&#8221; Kaplan said.<\/p>\n<p>Chemotherapy works well against cancer cells in mesenchymal migration, Kaplan said, but not as well when the cells switch to amoeboid migration. For experimentalists to understand that transition, they first need a better grasp of the mesenchymal mode. &#8220;That is what we have made progress toward here,&#8221; Kaplan said.<\/p>\n<p>Next, Shu and Kaplan hope to use the model to look at how cell-cell interactions may affect migration, as individual cells bump into one another and set off changes in their direction. They also want to learn how cells negotiate more curved, narrow channels in their microenvironment.<\/p>\n<p>Each effort to more closely model cell migration brings the team closer to understanding how cancer cells invade the body. &#8220;We want to come up with a predictive model that can produce new types of qualitative behaviors, to explain more measurements and motivate new experiments,&#8221; Kaplan said.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Experiments are quite comprehensive, but they significantly benefit from simulations. For instance, when it comes to resolving very small time scales in the dynamics of these cell deformations. We are basically discerning all those components,&#8221; he said.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                        <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Wenya Shu et al, A multiscale whole-cell theory for mechanosensitive migration on viscoelastic substrates, <i>Biophysical Journal<\/i> (2022).  <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.11.022\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.11.022<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>                                                    Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                            Virginia Tech<br \/>\n                                                                                                                <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vt.edu\/\"><br \/>\n                                                            <svg><use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                Physicists model cell migration to learn how cancer cells navigate tissue (2023, January 5)<br \/>\n                                                retrieved 5 January 2023<br \/>\n                                                from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2023-01-physicists-cell-migration-cancer-cells.html<\/p>\n<p>                                             This document is subject to copyright. 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The image on the right is a close-up view of the cell edge and depicts the coupling between the actomyosin complexes with myosin motors, molecular clutches (blue) between the cell and&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":535585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/physicists-model-cell.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-535584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/535584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=535584"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/535584\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/535585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=535584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=535584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=535584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}