{"id":540038,"date":"2023-01-17T18:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T15:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/encore-how-will-covid-19-affect-completed-fertility\/"},"modified":"2023-01-17T18:43:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T15:43:00","slug":"encore-how-will-covid-19-affect-completed-fertility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/encore-how-will-covid-19-affect-completed-fertility\/","title":{"rendered":"#Encore: How will COVID-19 affect completed fertility?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2f0124861a5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2f0124861a5\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/encore-how-will-covid-19-affect-completed-fertility\/#%E2%80%9CEncore_How_will_COVID-19_affect_completed_fertility%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Encore: How will COVID-19 affect completed fertility?&#8221;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/encore-how-will-covid-19-affect-completed-fertility\/#Despite_an_uptick_in_births_during_2021_women_in_their_20s_want_even_fewer_children_than_before_the_pandemic\" >Despite an uptick in births during 2021, women in their 20s want even fewer children than before the pandemic<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/encore-how-will-covid-19-affect-completed-fertility\/#Alicia_H_Munnell\" >Alicia H. Munnell<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CEncore_How_will_COVID-19_affect_completed_fertility%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Encore: How will COVID-19 affect completed fertility?&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"article__subhead\" itemprop=\"alternativeHeadline\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Despite_an_uptick_in_births_during_2021_women_in_their_20s_want_even_fewer_children_than_before_the_pandemic\"><\/span>\n  Despite an uptick in births during 2021, women in their 20s want even fewer children than before the pandemic<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"column column--full article__content\">\n<div class=\"article__side\">\n<div class=\"container--sticky not-active\">\n<div id=\"cx-next\" data-nosnippet>\n              <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"js-article__body\" class=\"article__body article-wrap at16-col16 barrons-article-wrap crawler\" itemprop=\"articleBody\" data-sbid=\"WP-MKTW-0001545792\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"barrons-article-ad-wrapper\">\n<div data-track=\"barrons-article-ad-wrap\" class=\"barrons-article-ad sticky_item\">\n<div class=\"barrons-main-article-ad-target sticky_target body_ad\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div data-layout=\"\n                inline\" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n          media-object\n          type-InsetArticleReader\n              \n              inline\n  article__inset\n          article__inset--type-InsetArticleReader\n              article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<div class=\"media-object-article-reader\">\n<div class=\"audioplayer\" data-sbid=\"WP-MKTW-0001545792\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Listen to Article\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"articlereader\" data-show-title=\"false\" data-theme=\"wsj-article-reader\" data-show-header=\"false\" data-show-subscribe=\"false\" data-ads-enabled=\"true\" data-save-publication=\"false\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>       Birthrates in the United States have been declining since the Great Recession, and many expected that COVID-19 might accelerate this decline. And, indeed, birthrates early in the pandemic did drop substantially. However, when the economy swiftly recovered from COVID, birthrates ticked up in 2021, the first increase since 2014 (see Figure 1).\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"paywall\">\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n                \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n          media-object\n          type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            inline\n  article__inset\n          article__inset--type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\n        media-object-image\n        enlarge-image\n        img-inline\n        article__inset__image\n      \" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:64.85714285714286%;\" data-subtype=\"photo\" class=\"image-container  responsive-media article__inset__image__image\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=540&amp;size=1.5403128760529483 540w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=620&amp;size=1.5403128760529483 620w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=639&amp;size=1.5403128760529483 639w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=700&amp;size=1.5403128760529483 700w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=700&amp;size=1.5403128760529483&amp;pixel_ratio=1.5 1050w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=700&amp;size=1.5403128760529483&amp;pixel_ratio=2 1400w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=700&amp;size=1.5403128760529483&amp;pixel_ratio=3 2100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, (max-width: 979px) 620px, (max-width: 1299px) 540px, 700px\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699734?width=700&amp;height=454\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"wsj-article-caption article__inset__image__caption\" itemprop=\"caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>       The question is whether the recent rise in birthrates represents a permanent increase in the total number of children women will end up having or simply reflects a shift in the timing of births. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/crr.bc.edu\/briefs\/how-will-covid-affect-completed-fertility\/\" class=\"icon none\">Two factors<\/a> can shed some light on this question: 1) the ages at which the rises in birthrates occurred; and 2) any changes in fertility expectations.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> <strong>Read:<\/strong> U.S. life expectancy has declined. What does that mean for your retirement?<\/p>\n<p>In terms of the age distribution, Figure 2 shows that monthly births per 1,000 women were higher for almost all ages at the end of 2021 than in similar months prepandemic. For women 40+, and to some extent women ages 35-39, the increase will have limited impact on aggregate completed fertility, since these groups account for only 20% of total births. The more relevant groups are women in their 20s and early 30s, who count for the bulk of births. For these groups, the question is whether the uptick is temporary or permanent. <\/p>\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n                \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n          media-object\n          type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            inline\n  article__inset\n          article__inset--type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\n        media-object-image\n        enlarge-image\n        img-inline\n        article__inset__image\n      \" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:72.57142857142857%;\" data-subtype=\"photo\" class=\"image-container  responsive-media article__inset__image__image\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=540&amp;size=1.3778256189451024 540w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=620&amp;size=1.3778256189451024 620w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=639&amp;size=1.3778256189451024 639w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=700&amp;size=1.3778256189451024 700w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=700&amp;size=1.3778256189451024&amp;pixel_ratio=1.5 1050w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=700&amp;size=1.3778256189451024&amp;pixel_ratio=2 1400w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=700&amp;size=1.3778256189451024&amp;pixel_ratio=3 2100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, (max-width: 979px) 620px, (max-width: 1299px) 540px, 700px\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699736?width=700&amp;height=508\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"wsj-article-caption article__inset__image__caption\" itemprop=\"caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>       Some early polling data \u2014 albeit for a relatively small sample \u2014 suggest that the number of children that women in their 20s view as ideal plummeted in 2021 (see Figure 3). That is, despite the small uptick in births during the pandemic, women in their 20s now want fewer children than they did prepandemic. \u00a0<\/p>\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n                \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n          media-object\n          type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            inline\n  article__inset\n          article__inset--type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\n        media-object-image\n        enlarge-image\n        img-inline\n        article__inset__image\n      \" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:66.85714285714286%;\" data-subtype=\"photo\" class=\"image-container  responsive-media article__inset__image__image\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=540&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 540w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=620&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 620w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=639&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 639w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 700w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383&amp;pixel_ratio=1.5 1050w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383&amp;pixel_ratio=2 1400w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383&amp;pixel_ratio=3 2100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, (max-width: 979px) 620px, (max-width: 1299px) 540px, 700px\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699741?width=700&amp;height=468\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"wsj-article-caption article__inset__image__caption\" itemprop=\"caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>       In contrast, the fertility expectations of women in their 30s did not change, suggesting that the pandemic increase reflects shifts in timing for this group rather than a change in the total number of children they will have (see Figure 4).\u00a0 (Women in their early 30s are the key group of interest; since it was not feasible to break the data out separately for them in this case, the assumption is that the overall pattern for those in their 30s <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>lies to them as well.)<\/p>\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n                \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n          media-object\n          type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            inline\n  article__inset\n          article__inset--type-InsetMediaIllustration\n            article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\n        media-object-image\n        enlarge-image\n        img-inline\n        article__inset__image\n      \" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:66.85714285714286%;\" data-subtype=\"photo\" class=\"image-container  responsive-media article__inset__image__image\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=540&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 540w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=620&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 620w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=639&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 639w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383 700w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383&amp;pixel_ratio=1.5 1050w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383&amp;pixel_ratio=2 1400w, https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=700&amp;size=1.4953271028037383&amp;pixel_ratio=3 2100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, (max-width: 979px) 620px, (max-width: 1299px) 540px, 700px\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699750?width=700&amp;height=468\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"wsj-article-caption article__inset__image__caption\" itemprop=\"caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>       In short, if the overall pattern of declining fertility expectations \u2014 driven by women 20-29 \u2014 holds in more comprehensive surveys, completed fertility is likely to continue to fall. And while the shift to fewer children may be a positive reflection of the opportunities offered today\u2019s women, it will also result in a smaller workforce, slower economic growth, and higher required tax rates for pay-as-you-go programs such as <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social<\/a> Security.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"byline article__byline\">\n<p>    <span>By<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"author mobile-scrim hasMenu\" data-scrim='{\"type\":\"author\",\"header\":\"Alicia H. Munnell\",\"subhead\":\"The Wall Street Journal\",\"list\":[{\"type\":\"link\",\"icon\":\"bio\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/author\/alicia-h-munnell\",\"text\":\"Biography\"},{\"type\":\"link\",\"icon\":\"email\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/news\/mailto:contributors@marketwatch.com\",\"text\":\"contributors@marketwatch.com\"}]}' itemscope itemprop=\"author\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\n<h4 itemprop=\"name\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alicia_H_Munnell\"><\/span>Alicia H. Munnell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><ufc-follow-author-widget product=\"marketwatch\" author-id=\"5_MW\" author-name=\"Alicia H. Munnell\" signin-url=\"https:\/\/accounts.marketwatch.com\/login?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fhow-will-covid-affect-completed-fertility-11673284037%3Frss%3D1%26siteid%3Drss\" panda-api=\"https:\/\/follow-api.marketwatch.com\"><\/ufc-follow-author-widget><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News<\/a> articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/news\/story.asp?guid=%7B20C06575-04D4-B545-7179-6401189AC814%7D&#038;siteid=rss&#038;rss=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Encore: How will COVID-19 affect completed fertility?&#8221; Despite an uptick in births during 2021, women in their 20s want even fewer children than before the pandemic Birthrates in the United States have been declining since the Great Recession, and many expected that COVID-19 might accelerate this decline. And, indeed, birthrates early in the pandemic did&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":540039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-699800\/social","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70897],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-540038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=540038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540038\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/540039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=540038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=540038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=540038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}