{"id":542743,"date":"2023-01-24T01:47:04","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T22:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/split-second-of-evolutionary-cellular-change-could-have-led-to-mammals-suggests-new-hypothesis\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T01:47:04","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T22:47:04","slug":"split-second-of-evolutionary-cellular-change-could-have-led-to-mammals-suggests-new-hypothesis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/split-second-of-evolutionary-cellular-change-could-have-led-to-mammals-suggests-new-hypothesis\/","title":{"rendered":"#Split-second of evolutionary cellular change could have led to mammals, suggests new hypothesis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a35a9e8ca3fd\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a35a9e8ca3fd\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/split-second-of-evolutionary-cellular-change-could-have-led-to-mammals-suggests-new-hypothesis\/#%E2%80%9CSplit-second_of_evolutionary_cellular_change_could_have_led_to_mammals_suggests_new_hypothesis%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Split-second of evolutionary cellular change could have led to mammals, suggests new hypothesis&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CSplit-second_of_evolutionary_cellular_change_could_have_led_to_mammals_suggests_new_hypothesis%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Split-second of evolutionary cellular change could have led to mammals, suggests new hypothesis&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/split-second-of-evolut.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2023\/split-second-of-evolut.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Polyploidization precedes the final maturation steps during megakaryocyte differentiation. Schematic diagram illustrating megakaryocyte differentiation. Megakaryocyte progenitors (MK-P) originating from an hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferate through normal mitotic divisions until they start to become highly polyploid through a series of aborted cell divisions, or endomitoses, to produce megakaryoblasts. Note that the first tetraploid megakaryoblast contains two nuclei because we propose that it most likely originates via cytokinesis failure (see text for details). After polyploidization, the megakaryoblasts mature into megakaryocytes by increasing their cytoplasm through enhanced protein synthesis and by producing specific granules (gray dots) and a demarcation membrane system (DMS, in red). Credit: &lt;i&gt;Journal of Cell Science&lt;\/i&gt; (2022). DOI: 10.1242\/jcs.260286\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/split-second-of-evolut.jpg\" alt=\"Split-second of evolutionary cellular change could have led to mammals\" title=\"Polyploidization precedes the final maturation steps during megakaryocyte differentiation. Schematic diagram illustrating megakaryocyte differentiation. Megakaryocyte progenitors (MK-P) originating from an hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferate through normal mitotic divisions until they start to become highly polyploid through a series of aborted cell divisions, or endomitoses, to produce megakaryoblasts. Note that the first tetraploid megakaryoblast contains two nuclei because we propose that it most likely originates via cytokinesis failure (see text for details). After polyploidization, the megakaryoblasts mature into megakaryocytes by increasing their cytoplasm through enhanced protein synthesis and by producing specific granules (gray dots) and a demarcation membrane system (DMS, in red). Credit:  Journal of Cell Science  (2022). DOI: 10.1242\/jcs.260286\" width=\"800\" height=\"390\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Polyploidization precedes the final maturation steps during megakaryocyte differentiation. Schematic diagram illustrating megakaryocyte differentiation. Megakaryocyte progenitors (MK-P) originating from an hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferate through normal mitotic divisions until they start to become highly polyploid through a <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series<\/a> of aborted cell divisions, or endomitoses, to produce megakaryoblasts. Note that the first tetraploid megakaryoblast contains two nuclei because we propose that it most likely originates via cytokinesis failure (see text for details). After polyploidization, the megakaryoblasts mature into megakaryocytes by increasing their cytoplasm through enhanced protein synthesis and by producing specific granules (gray dots) and a demarcation membrane system (DMS, in red). Credit: <i>Journal of Cell <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a><\/i> (2022). DOI: 10.1242\/jcs.260286<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A newly-published hypothesis, led by a UCL researcher, suggests a momentary leap in a single species on a single day millions of years ago might ultimately have led to the arrival of mammals\u2014and therefore humans.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\"><!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><br \/>\n      <\/section>\n<p>Published in the <i>Journal of Cell Science<\/i>, Professor John Martin (UCL Division of Medicine) thinks a single genetic molecular event (inheritable epigenetic change) in an egg-laying animal may have resulted in the first formation of blood platelets, <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roximately 220 million years ago.<\/p>\n<p>In mammals and humans, platelets are responsible for blood clotting and wound healing, so play a significant role in our defense response. Unlike our other cells, they don&#8217;t have nuclei\u2014so are unique to mammals, since other classes of animal such as reptiles and birds have blood clotting cells with nuclei.<\/p>\n<p>Our platelets are formed from megakaryocytes that mature in the bone marrow. When these megakaryocytes are released into the blood stream and reach the very high-pressure blood vessels the lungs, they &#8220;burst&#8221; apart, each cell releasing thousands of platelets inside the bloodstream.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers suggest that millions of years ago a mammalian ancestor\u2014possibly an animal related to the duck-billed platypus\u2014underwent the very first formation of platelets, thanks to a sudden genetic change in the nucleus of its blood clotting cells that meant normal cell division did not take place causing the cells to increase in size.<\/p>\n<p>If so, those much larger cells might then have been forced to burst inside the first capillaries they met in the animal&#8217;s blood stream, releasing their cytoplasmic fragments. These fragments proved to be more efficient at stopping bleeding, so if this genetic change was inheritable, it would have given its offspring a major advantage through natural selection. An animal with this epigenetic change could stem bleeding from fighting or wounds much better than its competitors, and so live longer.<\/p>\n<p>Professor Martin, Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine at UCL, says, &#8220;Because of the uniqueness of platelets, it is reasonable to suggest that a unique event led to their origin. This was a radical, internal evolution occurring in a single animal, on a single day, 220 million years ago, and was then reinforced by natural selection.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Professor Martin and his colleague Professor Paolo D&#8217;Avino (University of Cambridge) then suggest that this single cellular rapid change ultimately led to the development, over 120 million of years, to the placenta, allowing the fetus to be retained inside the mother for longer-term development and thus allowing evolution to achieve live birth. The ability to clot wounds is an essential element of live birth by means of a placenta, since the placenta splits from the mother&#8217;s uterus during the birth process. The female would not survive birth and therefore not be able to suckle her offspring if she were unable to stem the bleeding.<\/p>\n<p>In their paper, Professors Martin and D&#8217;Avino propose experiments that would support their hypothesis, including in vitro and in animal models.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Without this single critical epigenetic change, we suggest mammals would never have evolved, and therefore human beings would not be around today,&#8221; says Professor Martin. &#8220;With this research, we&#8217;ve laid down a marker based on the available evidence\u2014and we&#8217;re suggesting these experiments that will either support or help to refute our hypothesis.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                        <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                John F. Martin et al, A theory of rapid evolutionary change explaining the de novo appearance of megakaryocytes and platelets in mammals, <i>Journal of Cell Science<\/i> (2022).  <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.260286\">DOI: 10.1242\/jcs.260286<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>                                                    Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                            University College London<br \/>\n                                                                                                                <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/\"><br \/>\n                                                            <svg><use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                Split-second of evolutionary cellular change could have led to mammals, suggests new hypothesis (2023, January 23)<br \/>\n                                                retrieved 23 January 2023<br \/>\n                                                from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2023-01-split-second-evolutionary-cellular-mammals-hypothesis.html<\/p>\n<p>                                             This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n                                             part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. 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Schematic diagram illustrating megakaryocyte differentiation. Megakaryocyte progenitors (MK-P) originating from an hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferate through normal mitotic divisions until they start to become highly polyploid through a series of aborted cell&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":542744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2023\/split-second-of-evolut.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-542743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/542743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=542743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/542743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/542744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=542743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=542743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=542743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}