{"id":545511,"date":"2023-01-30T19:40:01","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T16:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/exploring-how-to-add-hidden-electronic-watermarks-to-works-written-by-ai-systems\/"},"modified":"2023-01-30T19:40:01","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T16:40:01","slug":"exploring-how-to-add-hidden-electronic-watermarks-to-works-written-by-ai-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/exploring-how-to-add-hidden-electronic-watermarks-to-works-written-by-ai-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"#Exploring how to add hidden electronic watermarks to works written by AI systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6af60b6a5d170\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6af60b6a5d170\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/exploring-how-to-add-hidden-electronic-watermarks-to-works-written-by-ai-systems\/#%E2%80%9CExploring_how_to_add_hidden_electronic_watermarks_to_works_written_by_AI_systems%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Exploring how to add hidden electronic watermarks to works written by AI systems&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CExploring_how_to_add_hidden_electronic_watermarks_to_works_written_by_AI_systems%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Exploring how to add hidden electronic watermarks to works written by AI systems&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/exploring-how-to-add-h.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/exploring-how-to-add-h.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"ROC curves with AUC values for watermark detection. Several choices of watermark parameter \u03b4 are shown for (a) multinomial sampling and (b) greedy decoding with 8-way beam search. (c,d) The same charts with semilog axes. Higher \u03b4 values achieve stronger performance, but additionally we see that for a given \u03b4, the beam search allows the watermark to capture slightly more AUC than the corresponding parameters under the multinomial sampling scheme. Credit: &lt;i&gt;arXiv&lt;\/i&gt; (2023). DOI: 10.48550\/arxiv.2301.10226\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/exploring-how-to-add-h.jpg\" alt=\"Exploring how to add hidden electronic watermarks to works written by AI systems\" title=\"ROC curves with AUC values for watermark detection. Several choices of watermark parameter \u03b4 are shown for (a) multinomial sampling and (b) greedy decoding with 8-way beam search. (c,d) The same charts with semilog axes. Higher \u03b4 values achieve stronger performance, but additionally we see that for a given \u03b4, the beam search allows the watermark to capture slightly more AUC than the corresponding parameters under the multinomial sampling scheme. Credit:  arXiv  (2023). DOI: 10.48550\/arxiv.2301.10226\" width=\"800\" height=\"302\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                ROC curves with AUC values for watermark detection. Several choices of watermark parameter \u03b4 are shown for (a) multinomial sampling and (b) greedy decoding with 8-way beam search. (c,d) The same charts with semilog axes. Higher \u03b4 values achieve stronger performance, but additionally we see that for a given \u03b4, the beam search allows the watermark to capture slightly more AUC than the corresponding parameters under the multinomial sampling scheme. Credit: <i>arXiv<\/i> (2023). DOI: 10.48550\/arxiv.2301.10226<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A team of computer scientists at the University of Maryland has developed a means of adding watermarks to text generated by AI systems. They have posted a paper describing their <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roach on the <i>arXiv<\/i> preprint server.<\/p>\n<p>Text generating AI systems such as ChatGPT have been in the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a> a lot of late. Some news sites have reported that students have been caught using the chatbot to write papers for them. And other interested parties have tested their use on test-taking and found them to perform well.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, teachers, professors and others in the education field have grown increasingly concerned about how to proceed as they become unable to tell whether or not papers turned in by students were written by an AI system. In this new effort, the group in Maryland has developed a means for assisting those with such concerns\u2014the use of watermarks.<\/p>\n<p>Just as with cash money or other printed documents, watermarks are information hidden in printed material that can only be seen under certain conditions, such as under a special light. The researchers suggest that companies such as OpenAI, the makers of ChatGPT, could add identifiers to the text created by their bot that cannot be seen by the casual user (the student) but could be detected by a software application used by teachers. For this approach to work, most or all of the makers of AI text generators would have to buy into the plan, either willingly or under government enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>Creating a watermark in AI-generated text would involve more than adding a bit of metadata to a text file (as occurs with photographs), because the generated text could be easily copied using a smartphone or other device.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the watermark would have to exist within the text rather than behind it. To create such a watermark, the team in Maryland noted that text generation systems work by predicting and choosing one word at a time as they produce text and that they do so in a predictable way. As a text generator works, it chooses words that appear to be a good fit, and that must then be greenlisted by other code before they are used.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers noted that text written by an AI tends to have more greenlisted words than text written by humans, suggesting a pattern that could be used as a watermark. They wrote an algorithm able to detect these words and found it worked quite reliably. They note their approach may only work for some AI systems, but suggest that other watermarking systems could be built for other systems.\n                                                                                                                            <\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                                <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                John Kirchenbauer et al, A Watermark for Large Language Models, <i>arXiv<\/i> (2023).  <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2301.10226\">DOI: 10.48550\/arxiv.2301.10226<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"mt-3\">\n                                                    <strong>Journal information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                                                                            <cite>arXiv<\/cite><br \/>\n                                                        <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/\"><br \/>\n                                                            <svg><use href=\"https:\/\/techx.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v2\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/><\/svg><\/a> <\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"article-main__note mt-4\">\n                                                \u00a9 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a> X Network<\/p>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                Exploring how to add hidden electronic watermarks to works written by AI systems (2023, January 30)<br \/>\n                                                retrieved 30 January 2023<br \/>\n                                                from https:\/\/techxplore.com\/news\/2023-01-exploring-hidden-electronic-watermarks-written.html<\/p>\n<p>                                            This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n                                            part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMLG0nwswvr63Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/techxplore.com\/news\/2023-01-exploring-hidden-electronic-watermarks-written.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Exploring how to add hidden electronic watermarks to works written by AI systems&#8221; ROC curves with AUC values for watermark detection. Several choices of watermark parameter \u03b4 are shown for (a) multinomial sampling and (b) greedy decoding with 8-way beam search. (c,d) The same charts with semilog axes. Higher \u03b4 values achieve stronger performance, but&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":545512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/exploring-how-to-add-h.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-545511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545511\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/545512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}