{"id":549203,"date":"2023-02-08T03:00:03","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T00:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/codebreakers-crack-secrets-of-the-lost-letters-of-mary-queen-of-scots\/"},"modified":"2023-02-08T03:00:03","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T00:00:03","slug":"codebreakers-crack-secrets-of-the-lost-letters-of-mary-queen-of-scots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/codebreakers-crack-secrets-of-the-lost-letters-of-mary-queen-of-scots\/","title":{"rendered":"#Codebreakers crack secrets of the lost letters of Mary, Queen of Scots"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a419678109f2\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a419678109f2\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/codebreakers-crack-secrets-of-the-lost-letters-of-mary-queen-of-scots\/#%E2%80%9CCodebreakers_crack_secrets_of_the_lost_letters_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Codebreakers crack secrets of the lost letters of Mary, Queen of Scots&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CCodebreakers_crack_secrets_of_the_lost_letters_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Codebreakers crack secrets of the lost letters of Mary, Queen of Scots&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/mary-queen-of-scots.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/mary-queen-of-scots.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/mary-queen-of-scots.jpg\" alt=\"Mary queen of scots\" title=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Secret, coded letters penned by Mary, Queen of Scots, while she was imprisoned in England by her cousin Queen Elizabeth I, have been uncovered by a multidisciplinary team of international codebreakers.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\"><!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><br \/>\n      <\/section>\n<p>The contents of the letters were believed for centuries to have been lost. That was until George Lasry, a computer scientist and cryptographer, Norbert Biermann, a pianist and music professor, and Satoshi Tomokiyo, who is a physicist and patents expert, stumbled upon them while searching the national library of France&#8217;s\u2014Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France&#8217;s (BnF)\u2014online archives for enciphered documents.<\/p>\n<p>The trio only discovered Mary was the author after solving her sophisticated cipher system. Their decipherment work of 57 letters, which is presented in the journal <i>Cryptologia<\/i>, reveals approximately 50 new <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">script<\/a>s previously unknown to historians.<\/p>\n<p>These date from 1578 to 1584, a few years before her beheading on this very day 436 years ago\u2014February 8, 1587.<\/p>\n<p>Mary&#8217;s correspondences expose fascinating insights into her captivity. Most are addressed to Michel de Castelnau de Mauvissi\u00e8re, the French ambassador to England. He was a supporter of Catholic Mary, who was under the Earl of Shrewsbury&#8217;s custody when she wrote them.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mb-4\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Codebreakers crack secrets of Mary Queen of Scots' lost letters\"\/><meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\/?v=byrqmzFkmgQ\"\/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Interview with George Lasry. Credit: Taylor &amp; Francis\"\/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2023-02-07T13:52:53-05:00\"\/><meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/byrqmzFkmgQ\"\/><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/byrqmzFkmgQ\/maxresdefault.jpg\"\/><br \/>\n             <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Codebreakers crack secrets of the lost letters of Mary, Queen of Scots\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/byrqmzFkmgQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up mt-4\" itemprop=\"caption\">Interview with George Lasry. Credit: Taylor &amp; Francis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&#8220;Upon deciphering the letters, I was very, very puzzled and it kind of felt surreal,&#8221; says lead author Lasry, who is also part of the multi-disciplinary <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/de-crypt.org\/\">DECRYPT Project<\/a> involving several universities in Europe, with the goal of mapping, digitizing, transcribing, and deciphering historical ciphers.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We have broken secret codes from kings and queens previously, and they&#8217;re very interesting, but with Mary  Queen of Scots  it was remarkable as we had so many unpublished letters deciphered and because she is so famous. This is a truly exciting discovery.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>He added, &#8220;Together, the letters constitute a voluminous body of new primary material on Mary Stuart\u2014about 50,000 words in total, shedding new light on some of her years of captivity in England.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Mary, Queen of Scots, has left an extensive corpus of letters held in various archives. There was prior evidence, however, that other letters from Mary Stuart were missing from those collections, such as those referenced in other sources but not found elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>                                              &#8220;The letters we have deciphered \u2026 are most likely part of this lost secret correspondence.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>One of the 16th century&#8217;s most famous historical figures, Mary was first in line of succession to the English throne after her cousin Elizabeth.<\/p>\n<p>Catholics considered Mary to be the legitimate sovereign and Elizabeth had her imprisoned for 19 years because she was seen as a threat. Mary was eventually executed at the age of 44 for her alleged part in a plot to kill Elizabeth.<\/p>\n<p>During her time in captivity, Mary communicated with her associates and allies through extensive efforts to recruit messengers and to maintain secrecy.<\/p>\n<p>The existence of a confidential communication channel between Mary and Castelnau is well-known to historians, and even to the English government at the time.<\/p>\n<p>But Lasry and his fellow codebreakers provide new evidence that this exchange was already in place as early as May 1578 and active until at least mid-1584.<\/p>\n<p>Using computerized and manual techniques, the study authors decoded the letters, which show the challenges Mary faced maintaining links with the outside world, how the letters were carried and by whom.<\/p>\n<p>Key themes referred to in Mary&#8217;s correspondence include complaints about her poor health and captivity conditions, and her negotiations with Queen Elizabeth I for her release, which she believes are not conducted in good faith.<\/p>\n<p>Her mistrust of Elizabeth&#8217;s spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham is also apparent, as well as her animosity for Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester and a favorite of Elizabeth. She also expresses her distress when her son James (future King James I of England) is abducted in August 1582, and her feeling they have been abandoned by France.<\/p>\n<p>Writing in this Special Issue version of <i>Cryptologia<\/i>, Lasry and his co-authors describe how they first came across the letters. Some were in a large set of unmarked documents in cipher and using the same set of graphical symbols.<\/p>\n<p>The BnF catalogue listed them as from the first half of the 16th century, and related to Italian matters. However, the study authors say they &#8220;quickly realized&#8221;\u2014after starting to crack the code\u2014that they were written in French and &#8220;had nothing to do with Italy.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Their detective work revealed verbs and adverbs often in the feminine form, several mentions of captivity, and the name &#8220;Walsingham,&#8221; which gave rise to the suspicion that they might be from Mary, Queen of Scots.<\/p>\n<p>This fact was confirmed by comparing them with the plain text of letters in Walsingham&#8217;s papers in the British Library and through other methods. A search for similar letters in BnF collections uncovered 57 letters with the same cipher.<\/p>\n<p>Commenting on the new paper, John Guy, an expert on Mary, Queen of Scots\u2014who wrote the 2004 biography of Mary, Queen of Scots, which led to a major Hollywood film\u2014says this is the most significant find about Mary for a century.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This discovery is a literary and historical sensation; fabulous. This is the most important new find on Mary, Queen of Scots for 100 years. I&#8217;d always wondered if de Castelnau&#8217;s originals could turn up one day, buried in the Bibliotheque Nationale de France or perhaps somewhere else, unidentified because of the ciphering. And now they have.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Lasry and his co-authors suggest, too, that other enciphered letters from Mary that are known to have existed may still be missing. A physical inspection of documents, as well as online searches, are needed to uncover these, they add.<\/p>\n<p>It is hoped, now too, that the study will lead to future research.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In our paper, we only provide an initial interpretation and summaries of the letters. A deeper analysis by historians could result in a better understanding of Mary&#8217;s years in captivity,&#8221; adds Lasry. &#8220;It would also be great, potentially, to work with historians to produce an edited book of her letters deciphered, annotated, and translated.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                        <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Deciphering Mary Stuart&#8217;s Lost Letters from 1578-1584, <i>Cryptologia<\/i> (2023). <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/01611194.2022.2160677\">DOI: 10.1080\/01611194.2022.2160677<\/a> , <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/01611194.2022.2160677\">www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/1 \u2026 1611194.2022.2160677<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>\n                                                    Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                            Taylor &amp; Francis<br \/>\n                                                                                                                <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.taylorandfrancis.com\/\"><br \/>\n                                                            <svg><use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                Codebreakers crack secrets of the lost letters of Mary, Queen of Scots (2023, February 7)<br \/>\n                                                retrieved 8 February 2023<br \/>\n                                                from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2023-02-codebreakers-secrets-lost-letters-mary.html<\/p>\n<p>                                             This document is subject to copyright. 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