{"id":555694,"date":"2023-02-23T22:00:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T19:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/evolution-of-dinosaur-body-size-through-different-developmental-mechanisms\/"},"modified":"2023-02-23T22:00:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T19:00:08","slug":"evolution-of-dinosaur-body-size-through-different-developmental-mechanisms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/evolution-of-dinosaur-body-size-through-different-developmental-mechanisms\/","title":{"rendered":"#Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6aed6cc68700a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6aed6cc68700a\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/evolution-of-dinosaur-body-size-through-different-developmental-mechanisms\/#%E2%80%9CEvolution_of_dinosaur_body_size_through_different_developmental_mechanisms%E2%80%9D\" >&#8220;Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CEvolution_of_dinosaur_body_size_through_different_developmental_mechanisms%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Broken shin bone of a carnivorous dinosaur, showing rings like the rings of a tree. These closely spaced rings were formed annually and indicate a slow-growing, long-lived animal. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms\" title=\"Broken shin bone of a carnivorous dinosaur, showing rings like the rings of a tree. These closely spaced rings were formed annually and indicate a slow-growing, long-lived animal. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Broken shin bone of a carnivorous dinosaur, showing rings like the rings of a tree. These closely spaced rings were formed annually and indicate a slow-growing, long-lived animal. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The meat-eating dinosaurs known as theropods that roamed the ancient Earth ranged in size from the bus-sized <i>T. rex<\/i> to the smaller, dog-sized <i>Velociraptor<\/i>. Scientists puzzling over how such wildly different dinosaur sizes evolved recently found\u2014to their surprise\u2013 that smaller and larger theropod dinosaurs like these didn&#8217;t necessarily get that way merely by growing slower or faster.<\/p>\n<section class=\"article-banner first-banner ads-336x280\"><!-- \/4988204\/Phys_Story_InText_Box --><br \/>\n      <\/section>\n<p>In a new paper published in <i><a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a><\/i>, &#8220;Developmental strategies underlying gigantism and miniaturization in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs,&#8221; researchers including Ohio University professor Patrick O&#8217;Connor and Ph.D. student Riley Sombathy discovered through examining the bones of dinosaurs that there was no relationship between growth rate and body size.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Most animals are thought to evolve to be larger by growing faster than their ancestors, but this study shows that it&#8217;s just as likely that bigger and smaller animals grew for longer or shorter periods of time during growth spurts,&#8221; said Michael D. D&#8217;Emic, a paleontologist at Adelphi University and lead author of the study.<\/p>\n<p>The bones of many animals, including dinosaurs, slowed or paused growth every year, leaving marks like tree rings that indicate the animal&#8217;s age and can be used to estimate the rate of growth. &#8220;Rings like these are called cortical growth marks,&#8221; said D&#8217;Emic. &#8220;Widely spaced rings indicate faster growth and narrowly spaced rings tell us that an animal was growing more slowly.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-1.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-1.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur's shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-1.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms\" title=\"Microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur's shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                Microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur&#8217;s shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>D&#8217;Emic, O&#8217;Connor, Sombathy and a team of international researchers measured about 500 such growth rings in about 80 different theropod bones, the two-legged, mostly meat-eating species of dinosaurs closely related to birds.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We found that there was no relationship between growth rate and size,&#8221; said D&#8217;Emic. &#8220;Some gigantic dinosaurs grew very slowly, slower than alligators do today. And some smaller dinosaurs grew very fast, as fast as mammals that are alive today.&#8221; This made sense to co-author Thomas Pascucci, whose graduate thesis contributed to the project: &#8220;Extinct animals like dinosaurs inspire awe because of how different they seem from our modern world, but they were animals that grew under similar constraints and environmental factors as those that exist today.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>According to O&#8217;Connor, this study opens the door to future investigations of how animals regulate their growth. &#8220;Alteration of different growth control mechanisms, at molecular or genetic levels, likely accounts for the range of developmental strategies our team observed in theropod dinosaurs. Future studies of living organisms provide an opportunity to elucidate mechanisms related to the evolution of body size in vertebrates more <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/general\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"3\" title=\"General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general<\/a>ly.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"article-gallery js-article-gallery\">\n<li data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-2.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-2.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"3D model generated from a CT scan of a carnivorous dinosaur's shin bone, showing the annually formed growth rings. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-2.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-low-up text-truncate mt-3\">\n                    3D model generated from a CT scan of a carnivorous dinosaur&#8217;s shin bone, showing the annually formed growth rings. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic<br \/>\n                <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-3.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-3.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Zoomed-in microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur's shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-3.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-low-up text-truncate mt-3\">\n                    Zoomed-in microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur&#8217;s shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic<br \/>\n                <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sombathy hopes to take up some of those investigations, adding &#8220;One of the things that interests me most about the results is the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>arent decoupling between growth rate and body size. My Ph.D. dissertation will investigate the impacts of growth rate and body size on bone shape and function.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This has really important implications because changes in rate versus timing can correlate to many other things, like how many or how large your offspring are, how long you live, or how susceptible to predators you are,&#8221; D&#8217;Emic added. &#8220;Hopefully this research spurs investigations into other groups, both alive and extinct, to see what developmental mechanisms are most important in other types of animals.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-4.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-4.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Zoomed-in microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur's shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur-4.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms\" title=\"Zoomed-in microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur's shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                Zoomed-in microscopic view of a carnivorous dinosaur&#8217;s shin bone, showing growth rings that get more closely spaced towards the outside of the bone, indicating that this individual reached adulthood. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n<p><strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Michael D. D&#8217;Emic, Developmental strategies underlying gigantism and miniaturization in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs, <i>Science<\/i> (2023).  <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adc8714\">DOI: 10.1126\/science.adc8714<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adc8714\">www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adc8714<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>                                                    Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                            Ohio University<br \/>\n                                                                                                                <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohio.edu\/\"><br \/>\n                                                            <svg><use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                Evolution of dinosaur body size through different developmental mechanisms (2023, February 23)<br \/>\n                                                retrieved 23 February 2023<br \/>\n                                                from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2023-02-evolution-dinosaur-body-size-developmental.html<\/p>\n<p>                                             This document is subject to copyright. 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These closely spaced rings were formed annually and indicate a slow-growing, long-lived animal. Credit: Michael D. D\u2019Emic The meat-eating dinosaurs known as theropods that roamed the ancient Earth ranged in size&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":555695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2023\/evolution-of-dinosaur.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-555694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=555694"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555694\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/555695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=555694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=555694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=555694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}