{"id":55675,"date":"2020-08-28T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/fidelity-of-el-nino-simulation-matters-for-predicting-future-climate\/"},"modified":"2020-08-28T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T09:00:00","slug":"fidelity-of-el-nino-simulation-matters-for-predicting-future-climate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/fidelity-of-el-nino-simulation-matters-for-predicting-future-climate\/","title":{"rendered":"#Fidelity of El Nino simulation matters for predicting future climate"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#Fidelity of El Nino simulation matters for predicting future climate<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

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\"Fidelity<\/img>
\n Sea surface temperature patterns during El Nino (warmer water (red) in the eastern tropical Pacific) and La Nina (cooler water (blue) in the eastern tropical Pacific) events. Credit: NOAA data
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

A new study led by University of Hawai’i at M\u0101noa researchers, published in the journal Nature Communications<\/i> this week, revealed that correctly simulating ocean current variations hundreds of feet below the ocean surface\u2014the so-called Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent\u2014during El Ni\u00f1o events is key in reducing the uncertainty of predictions of future warming in the eastern tropical Pacific.<\/p>\n

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Trade winds and the temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean experience large changes from year to year due to the El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), affecting weather patterns across the globe. For instance, if the tropical Pacific is warmer and trade winds are weaker than usual\u2014an El Ni\u00f1o event -flooding in California typically occurs and monsoon failures in India and East Asia are detrimental to local rice production. In contrast, during a La Ni\u00f1a the global weather patterns reverse with cooler temperatures and stronger trade winds in the tropical Pacific. These natural climate swings affect ecosystems, fisheries, agriculture, and many other aspects of human society.<\/p>\n

Computer models that are used for projecting future climate correctly predict global warming due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions as well as short-term year-to-year natural climate variations associated with El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a.
\n“There is, however, some model discrepancy on how much the tropical Pacific will warm,” said Malte Stuecker, co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Oceanography and International Pacific Research Center at UH M\u0101noa. “The largest differences are seen in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific, a region that is home to sensitive ecosystems such as the Galapagos Islands. How much the eastern tropical Pacific warms in the future will not only affect fish and wildlife locally but also future weather patterns in other parts of the world.”
\nResearchers have been working for decades to reduce the persistent model uncertainties in tropical Pacific warming projections.
\nMany climate models simulate El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a events of similar intensity. In nature, however, the warming associated with El Ni\u00f1o events tends to be stronger than the cooling associated with La Ni\u00f1a. In other words, while in most models El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a are symmetric, they are asymmetric in nature.<\/p>\n

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\"Fidelity<\/img>
\n Future increase of El Nino and La Nina intensity leads to enhances warming in the eastern tropical Pacific (left). Future decrease of El Nino and La Nina intensity leads to less warming in the eastern tropical Pacific (right). Credit: Data from NOAA.
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In this new study, the scientists analyzed observational data and numerous climate model simulations and found that when the models simulate the subsurface ocean current variations more accurately, the simulated asymmetry between El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a increases\u2014becoming more like what is seen in nature.<\/p>\n

“Identifying the models that simulate these processes associated with El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a correctly in the current climate can help us reduce the uncertainty of future climate projections,” said corresponding lead author Michiya Hayashi, a research associate at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, and a former postdoctoral researcher at UH M\u0101noa supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science<\/a> (JSPS) Overseas Research Fellowships. “Only one-third of all climate models can reproduce the strength of the subsurface current and associated ocean temperature variations realistically.”
\n“Remarkably, in these models we see a very close relationship between the change of future El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a intensity and the projected tropical warming pattern due to greenhouse warming,” noted Stuecker.
\nThat is, the models within the group that simulate a future increase of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a intensity show also an enhanced warming trend in the eastern tropical Pacific due to greenhouse warming. In contrast, the models that simulate a future decrease of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a intensity show less greenhouse gas-induced warming in the eastern part of the basin. The presence of that relationship indicates that those models are capturing a mechanism known to impact climate\u2014signifying that those models are more reliable. This relationship totally disapp<\/a>ears in the two-thirds of climate models that cannot simulate the subsurface ocean current variations correctly.
\n“Correctly simulating El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a is crucial for projecting climate change in the tropics and beyond. More research needs to be conducted to reduce the biases in the interactions between wind and ocean so that climate models can generate El Ni\u00f1o\u2014La Ni\u00f1a asymmetry realistically,” added Fei-Fei Jin, co-author and professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at UH M\u0101noa.
\n“The high uncertainty in the intensity change of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a in response to greenhouse warming is another remaining issue,” said Stuecker. “A better understanding of Earth’s natural climate swings such as El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a will result in reducing uncertainty in future climate change in the tropics and beyond.”<\/p>\n

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More information:<\/strong>
\n Nature Communications<\/i> (2020). DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-020-17983-y\n <\/div>\n

\n Citation<\/strong>:
\n Fidelity of El Nino simulation matters for predicting future climate (2020, August 28)
\n retrieved 28 August 2020
\n from https:\/\/phys.org\/news<\/a>\/2020-08-fidelity-el-nino-simulation-future.html<\/p>\n

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\n part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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“#Fidelity of El Nino simulation matters for predicting future climate” Sea surface temperature patterns during El Nino (warmer water (red) in the eastern tropical Pacific) and La Nina (cooler water (blue) in the eastern tropical Pacific) events. Credit: NOAA data A new study led by University of Hawai’i at M\u0101noa researchers, published in the journal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[10681,60416],"class_list":["post-55675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sciencee","tag-earth-sciences-environment","tag-fidelity-of-el-nino-simulation-matters-for-predicting-future-climate"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55675\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}