{"id":610802,"date":"2024-02-29T13:20:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T10:20:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/"},"modified":"2024-02-29T13:20:25","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T10:20:25","slug":"psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"#Psychiatrist studies potential workplace stressors faced by the first astronauts on Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3dd2d9c32ed\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3dd2d9c32ed\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/#Delayed_communications\" >Delayed communications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/#Autonomous_conditions\" >Autonomous conditions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/#Crew_member_tension\" >Crew member tension<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/#Time_away_from_home\" >Time away from home<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/#The_disappearing-Earth_phenomenon\" >The disappearing-Earth phenomenon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/psychiatrist-studies-potential-workplace-stressors-faced-by-the-first-astronauts-on-mars\/#Planning_for_a_Mars_mission\" >Planning for a Mars mission<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div id=\"article-main-content\">\n                            Within the next few decades, NASA aims to land humans on the Moon, set up a lunar colony and use the lessons learned to send people to Mars as part of its <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/artemis\/\">Artemis program<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>While researchers know that space <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/trip-and-travel\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"10\" title=\"Trip &amp; Travel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">travel<\/a> can stress space crew members both physically and mentally and test their ability to work together in close quarters, missions to Mars will amplify these challenges. Mars is far away \u2014 <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/16875-how-far-away-is-mars.html\">millions of miles from Earth<\/a> \u2014 and a mission to the red planet will take two to two and a half years, between travel time and the Mars surface exploration itself.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nickkanas.com\/home\/\">As a psychiatrist<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17571662\/\">who has studied<\/a> space <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/ASEM.2430.2009\">crew member interactions<\/a> in orbit, I\u2019m interested in the stressors that will occur during a Mars mission and how to mitigate them for the benefit of future space travellers.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Delayed_communications\"><\/span>Delayed communications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Given the great distance to Mars, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.esa.int\/mex\/2012\/08\/05\/time-delay-between-mars-and-earth\/\">two-way communication between crew members and Earth<\/a> will take about 25 minutes round trip. This delayed contact with home won\u2019t just hurt crew member morale. It will likely mean space crews won\u2019t get as much real-time help from Mission Control during onboard emergencies.<\/p>\n<div class=\"inarticle-wrapper channel-cta\">\n<div class=\"ica-text\">\n<p class=\"ica-text__title\">TNW Conference 2024 &#8211; Group ticket offer<\/p>\n<p>Save up to 40% with our Group offer and join Europe&#8217;s leading tech festival in June!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Because these communications travel at the speed of light and can\u2019t go any faster, experts are coming up with <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">ways to improve communication efficiency<\/a> under time-delayed conditions. <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18869-0\">These solutions might include<\/a> texting, periodically summarising topics, and encouraging participants to ask questions at the end of each message, which the responder can answer during the next message.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autonomous_conditions\"><\/span>Autonomous conditions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Space crew members <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">won\u2019t be able to communicate<\/a> with Mission Control in real time to plan their schedules and activities, so they\u2019ll need to conduct their work <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18869-0\">more autonomously<\/a> than astronauts working in orbit on the International Space Station.<\/p>\n<p>Although studies during space simulations on Earth have suggested that crew members can <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">still accomplish mission goals<\/a> under highly autonomous conditions, researchers need to learn more about how these conditions affect crew member interactions and their relationship with Mission Control.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Mission Control personnel usually advise crew members on how to deal with problems or emergencies in real-time. That won\u2019t be an option during a Mars mission.<\/p>\n<p>To study this challenge back on Earth, scientists could run a <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series<\/a> of simulations where crew members have varying degrees of contact with Mission Control. They could then see what h<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ens to the interactions between crew members and their ability to get along and conduct their duties productively.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" srcdoc=\"&lt;style&gt;*{padding:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden}html,body{background:#000;height:100%}img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:opacity .1s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,1,1)}a:hover img+img{opacity:1!important}&lt;\/style&gt;&lt;a href=\" https:=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/nM_fmLxzqhQ\/hqdefault.jpg\" style=\"top: 50%;left:50%;width:68px;height:48px;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0)\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Simulations, like the Mars500 mission, could help researchers learn about the effects of isolation and autonomy astronauts will deal with during a Mars mission.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crew_member_tension\"><\/span>Crew member tension<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Being <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">confined with a small group of people<\/a> for a long period of time can lead to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18869-0\">tension and interpersonal strife<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In my research team\u2019s <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">studies of on-orbit crews<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18869-0\">we found that<\/a> when experiencing interpersonal stress in space, crew members might <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17571662\/\">displace this tension<\/a> by blaming Mission Control for scheduling problems or not offering enough support. This can lead to crew-ground misunderstandings and hurt feelings.<\/p>\n<p>One way to deal with interpersonal tension on board would be to schedule time each week for the crew members to discuss interpersonal conflicts during planned \u201cbull sessions.\u201d <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17571662\/\">We have found<\/a> that commanders who are supportive can improve crew cohesion. A supportive commander, or someone trained in anger management, could facilitate these sessions to help crew members understand their interpersonal conflicts before their feelings fester and harm the mission.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Time_away_from_home\"><\/span>Time away from home<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Spending <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">long periods of time<\/a> away from home can <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18869-0\">weigh on crew members\u2019 morale<\/a> in space. Astronauts miss their families and report being concerned about the well-being of their family members back on Earth, especially when someone is sick or in a crisis.<\/p>\n<p>Mission duration can also affect astronauts. A Mars mission will have three phases: the outbound trip, the stay on the Martian surface, and the return home. Each of these phases <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/AMHP.5857.2021\">may affect crew members differently<\/a>. For example, the excitement of being on Mars might boost morale, while boredom during the return may sink it.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_disappearing-Earth_phenomenon\"><\/span>The disappearing-Earth phenomenon<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For astronauts in orbit, seeing the Earth from space <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actaastro.2018.08.004\">serves as a reminder<\/a> that their home, family, and friends aren\u2019t too far away. But for crew members traveling to Mars, watching <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16723-2\">as the Earth shrinks<\/a> to an insignificant dot in the heavens could result in a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18869-0\">profound sense of isolation and homesickness<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Earth, shown from space, against a dark background.\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=313&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=313&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=313&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Earth, shown from space, against a dark background.\" class=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=313&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=313&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=313&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/573914\/original\/file-20240206-22-v522cp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Seeing Earth disappear could make crew members feel isolated.<\/span><br \/><span class=\"attribution\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.ap.org\/detail\/Apollo8\/59f63a61bbc043a5905411daa45d9dba\/photo?Query=earth%20from%20space&amp;mediaType=photo&amp;sortBy=&amp;dateRange=Anytime&amp;totalCount=457&amp;digitizationType=Digitized&amp;currentItemNo=4&amp;vs=true&amp;vs=true\">AP Photo<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Having telescopes on board that will allow the crew members to see Earth as a beautiful ball in space, or giving them access to virtual reality images of trees, lakes, and family members, could help mitigate any disappearing-Earth effects. But these countermeasures could just as easily lead to deeper depression as the crew members reflect on what they\u2019re missing.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Planning_for_a_Mars_mission\"><\/span>Planning for a Mars mission<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S1019331614020063\">Researchers studied<\/a> some of these issues during the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Science_Exploration\/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration\/Mars500\/Mars500_study_overview\">Mars500 program<\/a>, a collaboration between the Russian and other space agencies. During Mars500, six men were isolated for 520 days in a space simulator in Moscow. They underwent periods of delayed communication and autonomy, and they simulated a landing on Mars.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists learned a lot from that simulation. But many features of a real Mars mission, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/learning-resources\/for-kids-and-students\/what-is-microgravity-grades-5-8\/\">such as microgravity<\/a>, and some dangers of space \u2014 meteoroid impacts, the disappearing-Earth phenomenon \u2014 aren\u2019t easy to simulate.<\/p>\n<p>Planned missions under the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/artemis\/\">Artemis program<\/a> will allow researchers to learn more about the pressures astronauts will face during the journey to Mars.<\/p>\n<p>For example, NASA is planning a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/gateway\/\">space station called Gateway<\/a>, which will orbit the Moon and serve as a relay station for lunar landings and a mission to Mars. Researchers could simulate the outbound and return phases of a Mars mission by sending astronauts to Gateway for six-month periods, where they could introduce Mars-like delayed communication, autonomy and views of a receding Earth.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" srcdoc=\"&lt;style&gt;*{padding:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden}html,body{background:#000;height:100%}img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:opacity .1s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,1,1)}a:hover img+img{opacity:1!important}&lt;\/style&gt;&lt;a href=\" https:=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/0vDkDYHvg8E\/hqdefault.jpg\" style=\"top: 50%;left:50%;width:68px;height:48px;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0)\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">NASA\u2019s planned Gateway space station will orbit the Moon.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Researchers could simulate a Mars exploration on the Moon by having astronauts conduct tasks similar to those anticipated for Mars. This way, crew members could better prepare for the psychological and interpersonal pressures that come with a real Mars mission. These simulations could improve the chances of a successful mission and contribute to astronaut well-being as they venture into space.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/221960\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/221960\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"\" srcset=\"\"\/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/nick-kanas-1505282\">Nick Kanas<\/a>, Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-california-san-francisco-689\">University of California, San Francisco<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ive-been-studying-astronaut-psychology-since-apollo-a-long-voyage-to-mars-in-a-confined-space-could-raise-stress-levels-and-make-the-journey-more-challenging-221960\">original article<\/a>.<\/em>\n                        <\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMN63nwsw68G3Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more like this article, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/psychiatrist-studies-workplace-stressors-astronauts-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Within the next few decades, NASA aims to land humans on the Moon, set up a lunar colony and use the lessons learned to send people to Mars as part of its Artemis program. While researchers know that space travel can stress space crew members both physically and mentally and test their ability to work&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":610803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/tnw-blurple?filter_last=1&fit=1280,640&url=https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2024\/02\/Untitled-design-6.jpg&signature=acbb2d88d3b07521dc1a33375aa9d7f6","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-610802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=610802"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610802\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/610803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=610802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=610802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=610802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}