{"id":630099,"date":"2024-08-07T20:28:29","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T17:28:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibrating-diamond-opens-avenues-for-quantum-sensing\/"},"modified":"2024-08-07T20:28:29","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T17:28:29","slug":"x-ray-imagery-of-vibrating-diamond-opens-avenues-for-quantum-sensing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibrating-diamond-opens-avenues-for-quantum-sensing\/","title":{"rendered":"#X-ray imagery of vibrating diamond opens avenues for quantum sensing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3843df85f43\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3843df85f43\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibrating-diamond-opens-avenues-for-quantum-sensing\/#Shake_and_spin\" >Shake and spin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibrating-diamond-opens-avenues-for-quantum-sensing\/#Solving_the_spin-strain_equation\" >Solving the spin-strain equation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibrating-diamond-opens-avenues-for-quantum-sensing\/#Acoustic_engineering\" >Acoustic engineering<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"(a) Scanning electron microscope image of the pentagonal FBAR and MW antenna. (b) Energy levels of the N-V center ground state with a nonzero field along the N-V axis, \ud835\udc35||, along with corresponding driving fields used in this work. (c) Finite-element (COMSOL) cross-sectional model showing about one full oscillation of strain generated in the diamond for the 2.553 GHz mode used in this work. Credit: &lt;i&gt;Physical Review Applied&lt;\/i&gt; (2024). DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra.jpg\" alt=\"X-ray imagery of vibrating diamond opens avenues for quantum sensing\" title=\"(a) Scanning electron microscope image of the pentagonal FBAR and MW antenna. (b) Energy levels of the N-V center ground state with a nonzero field along the N-V axis, \ud835\udc35||, along with corresponding driving fields used in this work. (c) Finite-element (COMSOL) cross-sectional model showing about one full oscillation of strain generated in the diamond for the 2.553 GHz mode used in this work. Credit: Physical Review Applied (2024). DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                (a) Scanning electron microscope image of the pentagonal FBAR and MW antenna. (b) Energy levels of the N-V center ground state with a nonzero field along the N-V axis, \ud835\udc35||, along with corresponding driving fields used in this work. (c) Finite-element (COMSOL) cross-sectional model showing about one full oscillation of strain generated in the diamond for the 2.553 GHz mode used in this work. Credit: <i>Physical Review <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">App<\/a>lied<\/i> (2024). DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>When it comes to materials for quantum sensors, diamond is the best <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a> in town, says Cornell University professor Gregory Fuchs. Now he and a team of scientists have upped diamond&#8217;s game by generating exquisite imagery of diamond undergoing microscopic vibrations.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                                                                    The team, comprising researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy&#8217;s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, Cornell and Purdue University, achieved a two-fold advance for quantum information <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>First, pulsing the diamond with sound waves, they took X-ray images of the diamond&#8217;s vibrations and measured how much the atoms compressed or expanded depending on the wave frequency.<\/p>\n<p>Second, they connected that atomic strain with another atomic property, spin\u2014a special feature of all atomic matter\u2014and defined the mathematical relationship between the two.<\/p>\n<p>The findings are key for quantum sensing, which draws on special features of atoms to make measurements that are significantly more precise than we&#8217;re capable of today. Quantum sensors are expected to see widespread use in medicine, navigation and cosmology in the coming decades.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shake_and_spin\"><\/span>Shake and spin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Scientists use spin to encode quantum information. By determining how spin responds to strain in diamond, the team provided a manual on how to manipulate it: Give the diamond a microshake in this way, and the spin shifts this much. Shake the diamond that way, and the spin shifts that much.<\/p>\n<p>The research, <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016\">published<\/a> in <i>Physical Review Applied<\/i>, is the first time anyone has directly measured the correlation in diamond at gigahertz frequencies (billions of pulses per second).<\/p>\n<p>It is also part of a larger effort in the quantum science community to precisely connect atomic strain and the associated spin in a broad range of materials. For example, researchers at Argonne and the University of Chicago previously measured spin-strain correlations in silicon carbide, another star material that researchers are engineering for quantum applications.<\/p>\n<p>The group&#8217;s research is supported in part by Q-NEXT, a DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Center led by Argonne.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re connecting two sides of an equation\u2014the spin side and the strain side\u2014and directly comparing what&#8217;s going on in the diamond,&#8221; said Fuchs, a professor in Cornell&#8217;s School of Applied and Engineering Physics and a collaborator within Q-NEXT. &#8220;It was very satisfying to directly hammer both of them down.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solving_the_spin-strain_equation\"><\/span>Solving the spin-strain equation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The two sides of the equation were hammered down hundreds of miles apart.<\/p>\n<p>For the spin measurements, scientists at Cornell University in New York measured how spin responded to the sound waves pulsing through the diamond using a one-of-a-kind device developed by researchers at Cornell and Purdue.<\/p>\n<p>For the strain measurements, Cornell graduate student and paper author Anthony D&#8217;Addario drove 700 miles to Argonne in Illinois to use the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a DOE Office of Science user facility. The 1-kilometer-circumference machine generates X-rays that allow researchers to see how a material behaves at the atomic and molecular level.<\/p>\n<p>Having generated images of strain in other materials for quantum technologies, it would now do the same for diamond. The team used an X-ray beam jointly operated by the APS and Argonne&#8217;s Center for Nanoscale Materials, also a DOE Office of Science user facility, to take strobe-light-like pictures of the diamond&#8217;s atoms as they shook back and forth.<\/p>\n<p>They focused on a particular site within the diamond: an irregularity called a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center, which consists of an atom-sized hole and a neighboring nitrogen atom. Scientists use NV centers as the basis for quantum sensors.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra-1.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra-1.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Results of mechanical Rabi measurements. Credit: &lt;i&gt;Physical Review Applied&lt;\/i&gt; (2024). DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra-1.jpg\" alt=\"X-ray imagery of vibrating diamond opens avenues for quantum sensing\" title=\"Results of mechanical Rabi measurements. Credit: Physical Review Applied (2024). DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                Results of mechanical Rabi measurements. Credit: <i>Physical Review Applied<\/i> (2024). DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The APS&#8217;s high-resolution images enabled the team to measure the atoms&#8217; movement near the diamond&#8217;s NV centers to one part in 1,000.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Being able to use the APS to unambiguously look at or quantify the strain near the NV center as it&#8217;s being modulated by these beautiful acoustic resonators developed at Purdue and Cornell\u2014that allows us to get the story locally near the NV centers,&#8221; said Argonne scientist and Q-NEXT collaborator Martin Holt, who is also an author on the paper.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s always been the beauty of hard X-rays: being able to look entirely through complex systems and get quantitative answers about what&#8217;s inside.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>With both spin and strain measurements in hand, Fuchs and team related the two in an equation that, satisfyingly, agreed with the theory.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The most exciting part was in doing the analysis. We ended up finding a new number that related the spin and strain, and it ended up agreeing with some theory and previous measurements,&#8221; D&#8217;Addario said.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acoustic_engineering\"><\/span>Acoustic engineering<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Spin can be manipulated in a few ways. The most popular is to use electromagnetic waves. Using acoustic waves is less common.<\/p>\n<p>But it has advantages. For one, acoustic waves can be used to manipulate spin in ways that can&#8217;t be achieved with electromagnetic fields.<\/p>\n<p>For another, acoustic waves can protect the quantum information encoded in the spin. Quantum information is fragile and falls apart when disturbed by its environment, a process called decoherence. One of the aims of quantum research is to stave off decoherence long enough for the information to be processed successfully.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s a little counterintuitive that adding sound to a system makes it better, but it&#8217;s a bit like turning on a white noise generator to not hear a conversation,&#8221; Holt said. &#8220;You can use the acoustic waves to protect the quantum bit from decoherence. You&#8217;re shifting what the system is sensitive to in a way that protects it from these other sound processes.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s also the advantage of miniaturization. Whereas a 1-gigahertz electromagnetic wave is roughly a foot long, a gigahertz acoustic wave is tiny, about the width of a human hair. That small wavelength allows scientists to place multiple similar devices in a small setup and still ensure that their signals won&#8217;t cross each other.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;If you want there not to be a lot of discussion or interference between neighboring devices, then you can use acoustic-wave devices, which can be very confined,&#8221; Fuchs said.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                                                                            Combining these advantages with diamond makes for a superior quantum sensor. As a host for quantum information, diamond enables long information lifetimes, can operate at room temperature and provides reliable measurements.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I would say most people would agree with me that, for quantum sensors, diamond is king,&#8221; Fuchs said.<\/p>\n<p>Cross-discipline collaboration was key to the effort.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Because of the complexity and sensitivity of these systems, there are many different things that can move quantum phenomena around,&#8221; Holt said.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Being able to carefully baseline the response to individual pieces requires correlation. That&#8217;s a multidisciplinary question, and that&#8217;s something that Q-NEXT is very well-suited to answer. The investment of Q-NEXT in terms of creating in-operation environments for quantum systems in these facilities is really paying off.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n                                                                                        <strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                Anthony D&#8217;Addario et al, Stroboscopic x-ray diffraction microscopy of dynamic strain in diamond thin-film bulk acoustic resonators for quantum control of nitrogen-vacancy centers, <i>Physical Review Applied<\/i> (2024). <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016\">DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.024016<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>                                                    Provided by<br \/>\n                                                                                                            Argonne National Laboratory<br \/>\n                                                                                                                <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.anl.gov\/index.html\"><br \/>\n                                                            <svg>\n                                                                <use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n                                                            <\/svg><br \/>\n                                                        <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>                                                <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                X-ray imagery of vibrating diamond opens avenues for quantum sensing (2024, August 7)<br \/>\n                                                retrieved 7 August 2024<br \/>\n                                                from https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2024-08-ray-imagery-vibrating-diamond-avenues.html<\/p>\n<p>                                             This document is subject to copyright. 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(b) Energy levels of the N-V center ground state with a nonzero field along the N-V axis, \ud835\udc35||, along with corresponding driving fields used in this work. (c) Finite-element (COMSOL) cross-sectional model showing about one full oscillation of strain generated in the diamond&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":630100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2024\/x-ray-imagery-of-vibra.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-630099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/630099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=630099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/630099\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/630100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=630099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=630099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=630099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}