{"id":646232,"date":"2024-12-07T21:40:21","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T18:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/"},"modified":"2024-12-07T21:40:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-07T18:40:21","slug":"why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/","title":{"rendered":"#Why is soccer fandom so linked to violence?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28214d9f9da\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28214d9f9da\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#Soccer_fan_violence_A_recurring_pattern\" >Soccer fan violence: A recurring pattern<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#Soccer_fan_violence_can_take_many_forms\" >Soccer fan violence can take many forms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#Whats_behind_the_trend\" >What&#8217;s behind the trend?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#1_Social_identity\" >1. Social identity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#2_Sociodemographic_characteristics\" >2. Sociodemographic characteristics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#3_Drug_and_alcohol_use\" >3. Drug and alcohol use<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence\/#What_can_be_done\" >What can be done?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2024\/soccer-riot.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2024\/soccer-riot.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2024\/soccer-riot.jpg\" alt=\"soccer riot\" title=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Soccer&#8217;s <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sportforbusiness.com\/the-worlds-most-watched-sports\/\" target=\"_blank\">global allure is unmatched<\/a>, yet its history is shadowed by tragedies.<\/p>\n<p>At a recent <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cdx9lg22k2po%22%22\" target=\"_blank\">soccer match in Nz\u00e9r\u00e9kor\u00e9, Guinea<\/a>, a controversial refereeing decision led to unrest, resulting in crowd violence that claimed more than 50 lives.<\/p>\n<p>In 2022, violence at <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/09\/30\/asia\/indonesia-football-stadium-disaster-kanjuruhan-one-year-anniversary-intl-hnk\/index.html%22%22\" target=\"_blank\">Indonesia&#8217;s Kanjuruhan stadium<\/a> during a match led to the deaths of 135 people, as security forces responded to pitch invasions with tear gas, triggering chaos and ultimately a crowd crush.<\/p>\n<p>These incidents are stark reminders of the risks tied to violence in sports crowds. They stem from structural failures, poor crowd management, and often complex group dynamics that lead to violent behavior.<\/p>\n<p>Soccer crowds are especially prone to violence, which raises a pressing question: what is it about soccer and its fan culture that makes such incidents more likely to occur?<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soccer_fan_violence_A_recurring_pattern\"><\/span>Soccer fan violence: A recurring pattern<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Catastrophic incidents rooted in fan violence have been intertwined with the history of this sport.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the most extreme case is the Soccer War (more commonly known as <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Football_War\" target=\"_blank\">the Football War<\/a>) of 1969, when World Cup qualifiers between El Salvador and Honduras inflamed existing political tensions. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-48673853\" target=\"_blank\">Clashes between fans added to the animosity<\/a>, and within days, the two nations were at war. More than 2,000 people died in the brief conflict.<\/p>\n<p>There are other cases throughout the history of the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">game<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><b>Estadio Nacional Disaster (1964, Peru)<\/b>\u2014Riots broke out after a disallowed goal during <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-27540668\" target=\"_blank\">a Peru-Argentina match in Lima<\/a>. Police used tear gas, causing chaos as fans tried to escape through locked exits. More than 300 people died.<\/p>\n<p><b>The Heysel Stadium Disaster (1985, Belgium)<\/b>\u2014<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Heysel-Stadium-Disaster\" target=\"_blank\">Clashes between Liverpool and Juventus fans<\/a> before the European Cup final caused a wall to collapse. Thirty-nine people were killed and more than 600 were injured.<\/p>\n<p><b>Port Said Stadium Riot (2012, Egypt)<\/b>\u2014After a match between Al-Masry and Al-Ahly, <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Said_Stadium_riot\" target=\"_blank\">fans attacked each other with weapons<\/a> while exits were blocked. Seventy-four people died and hundreds were injured.<\/p>\n<p>The most notable case in Australia was the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/2022\/dec\/17\/melbourne-a-league-derby-abandoned-as-fans-storm-pitch-and-keeper-attacked\" target=\"_blank\">chaotic Melbourne Derby in 2022<\/a>, when fans stormed the pitch at AAMI Park after a flare was thrown back into the stands. Melbourne City&#8217;s goalkeeper, Tom Glover, was struck with a metal bucket, leaving him concussed and bleeding.<\/p>\n<p>Further back, in 1985, a National Soccer League match <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NSWNPLBanter\/videos\/1985-pratten-park-riot-hakoah-vs-sydney-olympic\/772287579522455\/\" target=\"_blank\">between Sydney Olympic and Sydney Hakoah<\/a> erupted into chaos following a controversial referee decision. The chaos remains one of the most notorious examples of soccer crowd violence in Australia&#8217;s history.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mb-4\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\">\n    <meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Why is soccer fandom so linked to violence?\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\/?v=5QWATMaK7gY\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In 1985, bitter rivals Sydney Olympic and Sydney Hakoah clashed in a NSL match at Pratten Park.\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2024-12-06T06:16:31-05:00\"\/><br \/>\n        <meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5QWATMaK7gY\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/5QWATMaK7gY\/maxresdefault.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\n             <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"When fans stormed the field: The Pratten Park riot\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5QWATMaK7gY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n         <\/p><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up mt-4\" itemprop=\"caption\">In 1985, bitter rivals Sydney Olympic and Sydney Hakoah clashed in a NSL match at Pratten Park.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"ads w-100 my-4 article-main__more bg-light p-3 border\">\n<p class=\"mb-3\">\n        Discover the latest in <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a>, tech, and space with over <strong>100,000 subscribers<\/strong> who rely on Phys.org for daily insights.<br \/>\n        Sign up for our <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sciencex.com\/help\/newsletter\/\" target=\"_blank\">free newsletter<\/a> and get updates on breakthroughs,<br \/>\n        innovations, and research that matter\u2014<strong>daily or weekly<\/strong>.\n    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soccer_fan_violence_can_take_many_forms\"><\/span>Soccer fan violence can take many forms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Soccer&#8217;s immense popularity means larger, more diverse fanbases with deeply ingrained rivalries.<\/p>\n<p>Fans often see their team as <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1348\/014466601164876?casa_token=0vEL_Nlzg6wAAAAA%3AowxsvgHIeqftqvtpg0q0Qw8HgkQ6e3F8LmDjwd5gZp29AXXAJ9KI4tuBwwdSE_IuP-8FseWWVs9G0eE\" target=\"_blank\">a core part of their identity<\/a>, with this strong group affiliation sometimes heightening &#8220;<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3200\/SOCP.145.5.531-546?casa_token=ONtpWxGbizwAAAAA:19BUSkac9q_YcSoKLrVth3jCx2Vv_mEhHoKghkRXYYY66n0j4FXO_h7IfFhFcH722PIir1nPZ2nU\" target=\"_blank\">in-group versus out-group<\/a>&#8221; dynamics. At times, this can lead to hostility.<\/p>\n<p>And it&#8217;s not just fan-on-fan violence: soccer fan violence <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1524838016663937?casa_token=56Rc8O1ea7EAAAAA%3AjtpaIvUt1aABpo3pJAF8p5ZhbUtivcgFp98mBDhfCAzoGHEPp2dhSq-bIWcTFM-vXOgrfYlD3sgI\" target=\"_blank\">takes many forms<\/a>. Violent and anti<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social<\/a> acts range from verbal abuse and <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/newsbeat-64796080\" target=\"_blank\">offensive chants<\/a> to property damage, vandalism, pitch invasion and physical assaults.<\/p>\n<p>In some countries, soccer fan violence has worsened since the pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>In the United Kingdom, recent police statistics reveal <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sportsbusinessjournal.com\/Daily\/Global\/2022\/09\/22\/English-soccer-fan-violence.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">a 59% increase in arrests<\/a> compared to pre-pandemic levels, with incidents of disorder reaching an eight-year high. Notably, 70% of offenses were committed by people aged 18\u201330.<\/p>\n<p>Players can be affected, too. A <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fifpro.org\/media\/equii03m\/fifpro_workplace-safety-report-2023_final_light.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2023 workplace safety report<\/a> from the International Federation of Professional Footballers highlighted the escalating issue of violence against professional players, emphasizing its detrimental impact on their physical and mental well-being.<\/p>\n<p>The report reveals a significant number of players have experienced abuse, including threats and physical assaults, both on and off the field. Data shows fan violence against players is most common in Europe (particularly the UK, Italy and Germany) followed by Africa.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_behind_the_trend\"><\/span>What&#8217;s behind the trend?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Social_identity\"><\/span>1. Social identity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Soccer fan violence is often deeply tied to <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0047272723001524?casa_token=7NyqjPEE_DwAAAAA:c-8f_JB_vi-N9aZwmx6-TypljEn_YEumqE7MNw80ot84SSzCZp3jeFtrI_Khx1cbQ9RiU8FT#d1e2153\" target=\"_blank\">social identity dynamics<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Studies from <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0047272723001524?casa_token=7NyqjPEE_DwAAAAA:c-8f_JB_vi-N9aZwmx6-TypljEn_YEumqE7MNw80ot84SSzCZp3jeFtrI_Khx1cbQ9RiU8FT#d1e2153\" target=\"_blank\">Germany<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1090513817301939?casa_token=xUh7K3oi09UAAAAA:eIY1j68OxR7j1XWAV5clnDbMtIKyX78DXILNDpOx8_MUbK-u6g82YdQVqcxWEC_emvMk_M9I\" target=\"_blank\">Brazil<\/a> emphasize the role of identity fusion, where fans experience an intense bond with their teams and fellow supporters.<\/p>\n<p>This fusion creates a &#8220;warrior psychology,&#8221; making threats to the group feel personal, to the point that it can drive fans to defend their identity aggressively.<\/p>\n<p>High-stakes rivalry games exacerbate this: violence <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/handle\/10419\/248976\" target=\"_blank\">surges up to 70%<\/a> during derby matches in Germany. These studies show that match-day violence is driven more by rivalry and group dynamics than game outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>In Brazil, the same identity fusion has been shown to drive hostility, especially toward rival fan groups, as <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1090513817301939?casa_token=xUh7K3oi09UAAAAA:eIY1j68OxR7j1XWAV5clnDbMtIKyX78DXILNDpOx8_MUbK-u6g82YdQVqcxWEC_emvMk_M9I\" target=\"_blank\">fans perceive out-group threats as existential<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Sociodemographic_characteristics\"><\/span>2. Sociodemographic characteristics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Studies have highlighted how <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/casp.2450010103?casa_token=58Ib4kKx3KYAAAAA%3AYBVwV-GQBbv8Y7iMPif6lifxPjB%E2%80%946oUYobPQqOXrGEr_J8Fhsg95KmuLtDPZfolEdwdvRlDRSuXLA4\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;fanatic&#8221; supporters<\/a>\u2014often young, unemployed, and with lower levels of education\u2014are more likely to engage in violence, which is shaped by group norms and accepted aggression levels.<\/p>\n<p>Studies in the UK have revealed <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0193723515615177?casa_token=BOxBaEuRHpgAAAAA%3AOgICbVAp8CUdtSiFp7w-3SPsZoimLCSJpEtnjwxHpAdUs6TRhG4RUmm1Bo6q_A3y0bbpCB69H3iM\" target=\"_blank\">historical shifts<\/a>. While hooliganism once thrived in working-class and hyper-masculine cultures, better crowd management and gentrification have reduced in-stadium violence, though confrontations still occur away from arenas.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Drug_and_alcohol_use\"><\/span>3. Drug and alcohol use<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Substance use can <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7722121\/#:~:text=The%20evidence%20is%20clear%20that,often%20overlap%20within%20aggressive%20individuals.\" target=\"_blank\">magnify aggression<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In the UK, cocaine use among fans is <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0193723515615177?casa_token=BOxBaEuRHpgAAAAA%3AOgICbVAp8CUdtSiFp7w-3SPsZoimLCSJpEtnjwxHpAdUs6TRhG4RUmm1Bo6q_A3y0bbpCB69H3iM\" target=\"_blank\">higher than the national average<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The combination of <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09687637.2023.2219370#abstract\" target=\"_blank\">the growing fan drug culture in soccer<\/a> with identity fusion can develop into aggressive behavior, particularly <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0955395921001687\" target=\"_blank\">during intergroup conflicts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Alcohol, <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S175606161630204X\" target=\"_blank\">while not universally causal<\/a>, can also fuel confrontations by lowering inhibitions and amplifying territoriality.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_can_be_done\"><\/span>What can be done?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Despite these patterns, some regions have seen significant improvements.<\/p>\n<p>In the UK, decades of reforms, such as CCTV, all-seater stadiums, and higher ticket prices have fostered a more &#8220;<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0193723515615177?casa_token=Homt3rtYTsIAAAAA%3AQzIvPGhTy6l5pQLwUShbTejJ6fJYbkkwFH-71l05GJFJixj380RZWl8baOO6jL2U1iCr6qTxMpsa\" target=\"_blank\">sanitized and gentrified<\/a>&#8221; fan culture, with fans themselves often regulating violent behavior.<\/p>\n<p>However, such measures can also displace violence to less-visible spaces, where rival groups arrange confrontations to avoid police detection.<\/p>\n<p>Reducing soccer-related violence requires a multifaceted <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roach addressing both structural and psychological drivers. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/casp.902?casa_token=TBPeCZqmmvgAAAAA%3AQNOvvnYEAKGemr1litHkaoekjysaaKgqfGIjeQIsGOjzEpHquwqjox-BLkwekdRL7c6YHYxFQ1TuM0g\" target=\"_blank\">Evidence suggests<\/a> creating positive group dynamics, rather than simply suppressing fan identity, is key.<\/p>\n<p>Further strategies could also include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>initiatives to reframe rivalries as <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/16184742.2016.1188842?casa_token=0UcMtaYsmV4AAAAA%3AHkjgnKxoB2Y55OqSnAO9in1lM2BASkr33HGfWzgOTQeWHdAeajdS_BwimOCiSpwQi7KisF3I1X0I#abstract\" target=\"_blank\">positive and reciprocal<\/a><\/li>\n<li>better policing tactics using <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16298-5_9\" target=\"_blank\">dialogue and de-escalation<\/a> rather than force<\/li>\n<li>improvements in managing crowd flows and reducing friction points, such as minimizing counterflows of rival fans during departures<\/li>\n<li>substance use interventions, particularly targeting drug use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The challenge, however, lies in implementing these solutions while preserving the unique passion and energy that make soccer the world&#8217;s most beloved sport.<\/p>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Conversation<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"article-main__note mt-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  This article is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-is-soccer-fandom-so-linked-to-violence-245143\" target=\"_blank\">original article<\/a>.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/245143\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhy is soccer fandom so linked to violence? (2024, December 7)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tretrieved 7 December 2024<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfrom https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2024-12-soccer-fandom-linked-violence.html\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMN63nwsw68G3Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/category\/sciencee\/\" target=\"_blank\" >Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2024-12-soccer-fandom-linked-violence.html\" target=\"_blank\" >Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain Soccer&#8217;s global allure is unmatched, yet its history is shadowed by tragedies. At a recent soccer match in Nz\u00e9r\u00e9kor\u00e9, Guinea, a controversial refereeing decision led to unrest, resulting in crowd violence that claimed more than 50 lives. In 2022, violence at Indonesia&#8217;s Kanjuruhan stadium during a match led to the deaths&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":646233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2024\/soccer-riot.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-646232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/646232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=646232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/646232\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/646233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=646232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=646232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=646232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}