{"id":662014,"date":"2025-04-10T21:35:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T18:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/discovery-of-new-immune-response-phase-upends-beliefs-about-t-cell-priming\/"},"modified":"2025-04-10T21:35:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T18:35:00","slug":"discovery-of-new-immune-response-phase-upends-beliefs-about-t-cell-priming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/discovery-of-new-immune-response-phase-upends-beliefs-about-t-cell-priming\/","title":{"rendered":"Discovery of new immune response phase upends beliefs about T-cell priming"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3b72b6b509f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3b72b6b509f\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/discovery-of-new-immune-response-phase-upends-beliefs-about-t-cell-priming\/#T-cells_proliferate_and_specialize_during_the_immune_response\" >T-cells proliferate and specialize during the immune response<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/discovery-of-new-immune-response-phase-upends-beliefs-about-t-cell-priming\/#Only_the_most_effective_T-cells_are_selected\" >Only the most effective T-cells are selected<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/discovery-of-new-immune-response-phase-upends-beliefs-about-t-cell-priming\/#Findings_could_lead_to_enhanced_therapeutic_approaches\" >Findings could lead to enhanced therapeutic approaches<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"CD8 T cell priming occurs in two phases. In the activation phase (day 1), na\u00efve T cells engage with dendritic cells (DC) for 24 hours, then detach, proliferate, and move deeper into the lymph node. In the selection phase (days 2-3), activated T cells regain sensitivity, re-engage with antigen-presenting cells, and receive IL-2 support from CD4 T cells. Regulatory T cells limit IL-2 availability, driving the expansion and differentiation of high-affinity CD8 T cells into effector cells. Credit: Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun.jpg\" alt=\"New phase of the immune response uncovered\" title=\"CD8 T cell priming occurs in two phases. In the activation phase (day 1), na\u00efve T cells engage with dendritic cells (DC) for 24 hours, then detach, proliferate, and move deeper into the lymph node. In the selection phase (days 2-3), activated T cells regain sensitivity, re-engage with antigen-presenting cells, and receive IL-2 support from CD4 T cells. Regulatory T cells limit IL-2 availability, driving the expansion and differentiation of high-affinity CD8 T cells into effector cells. Credit: Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                CD8 T cell priming occurs in two phases. In the activation phase (day 1), na\u00efve T cells engage with dendritic cells (DC) for 24 hours, then detach, proliferate, and move deeper into the lymph node. In the selection phase (days 2-3), activated T cells regain sensitivity, re-engage with antigen-presenting cells, and receive IL-2 support from CD4 T cells. Regulatory T cells limit IL-2 availability, driving the expansion and differentiation of high-affinity CD8 T cells into effector cells. Credit: Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A team from the Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology at the University of W\u00fcrzburg has identified a previously unknown phase of the immune response. The results, <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adq1405\" target=\"_blank\">published<\/a> in <i><a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a><\/i>, challenge long-standing assumptions about the process called T-cell priming. These new insights have significant implications for the development of vaccines and cellular immunotherapies.<\/p>\n<p>The research groups led by Wolfgang Kastenmuller and Georg Gasteiger employed innovative microscopy techniques to observe how specific immune cells, known as T-cells, are activated and proliferate during a viral infection. Their findings revealed novel mechanisms: The immune system amplifies its defense cells in a far more targeted way than previously believed.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"T-cells_proliferate_and_specialize_during_the_immune_response\"><\/span>T-cells proliferate and specialize during the immune response<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>T-cells are crucial defense cells in the immune system. To effectively find and destroy infected cells in the body, rare T cells with the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ropriate specificity must first proliferate, expand and specialize. This process, known as T-cell priming, begins when T-cells encounter dendritic cells (DCs) in the lymph nodes. These cells present antigens\u2014fragments of pathogens\u2014to the T-cells and activate them through various signals.<\/p>\n<p>The activation process lasts about 24 hours. During this time, T-cells remain in contact with the DCs, receiving instructions to specialize. Afterward, they detach, migrate, and rapidly proliferate. Some develop into effector cells that im<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/social-mediaa\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Social Media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media<\/a>tely combat pathogens, while others become memory cells, enabling a rapid response in case of future infections.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Only_the_most_effective_T-cells_are_selected\"><\/span>Only the most effective T-cells are selected<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The immune system faces the daunting task of swiftly identifying, from an extraordinarily diverse pool of T-cells, those that can specifically recognize a given pathogen. These selected T-cells are then clonally expanded during the &#8220;priming&#8221; process.<\/p>\n<p>Katarzyna Jobin and Deeksha Seetharama are the first authors of the study.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We have discovered that T-cell activation involves not just one, but two distinct phases,&#8221; explains Seetharama.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;While the first phase of priming serves to activate a broad range of specific T-cells, the newly identified second phase is responsible for selecting and specifically expanding those T-cells that can recognize the pathogen most effectively. This ensures that the immune response is optimized for maximum efficiency,&#8221; Jobin elaborates.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Until now, it was assumed that only one phase existed, with the initially activated cells continuing their function on autopilot,&#8221; adds Kastenmuller. &#8220;What was previously unknown, however, was the process by which the best-suited cells are selected.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun-1.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun-1.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Three days post viral infection CD8 T cells (red) re-arrest with antigen presenting cells (cyan), where they are supplied with IL-2 by CD4 T cells (yellow), which migrate in a stop and go pattern. Credit: Deeksha Seetharama \/ Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun-1.jpg\" alt=\"New phase of the immune response uncovered\" title=\"Three days post viral infection CD8 T cells (red) re-arrest with antigen presenting cells (cyan), where they are supplied with IL-2 by CD4 T cells (yellow), which migrate in a stop and go pattern. Credit: Deeksha Seetharama \/ Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                Three days post viral infection CD8 T cells (red) re-arrest with antigen presenting cells (cyan), where they are supplied with IL-2 by CD4 T cells (yellow), which migrate in a stop and go pattern. Credit: Deeksha Seetharama \/ Max Planck Research Group for Systems Immunology<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Findings_could_lead_to_enhanced_therapeutic_approaches\"><\/span>Findings could lead to enhanced therapeutic approaches<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The team found that the various phases of the immune response are driven by a cyclical activation process of T-cells. Following their initial interaction, T-cells undergo a period of desensitization, during which it takes two to three days before they are ready to perceive additional signals through their T-cell receptors. This marks the onset of the newly discovered second phase, in which they are re-instructed and further activated.<\/p>\n<p>The scientists could show that in this second phase, T-cells re-cluster with DCs and get activated again to enhance their proliferation and specialization. This occurs in specific lymph node areas that are accessed thanks to CXCR3 expression on CD8 T cells. There, they receive IL-2 from CD4 helper T-cells. Without this signal, CD8 T-cells cannot proliferate optimally, which is why mainly CD8 T-cells with strong antigen binding dominate the second phase and are abundant at the peak of the immune response.<\/p>\n<p>In chronic infections and cancer, there are recurring phases of activation and desensitization, which makes the findings particularly relevant for immunotherapies targeting cancer. This includes therapies used in certain leukemias and lymphomas, where the patient&#8217;s own T-cells are utilized. These cells are genetically modified in the laboratory and then reintroduced into the body through infusion. The modified cells, known as CAR T-cells, are designed to specifically recognize and attack cancer cells.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We hope that our new insights will help deepen our understanding of how to optimize T-cell-based therapies, and that they will shed light on why these treatments sometimes fail,&#8221; explains Gasteiger.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n<p><strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                    Katarzyna Jobin et al, A distinct priming phase regulates CD8 T cell immunity by orchestrating paracrine IL-2 signals, <i>Science<\/i> (2025). <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adq1405\" target=\"_blank\">DOI: 10.1126\/science.adq1405<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adq1405\" target=\"_blank\">www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adq1405<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium my-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUniversity of W\u00fcrzburg<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-wuerzburg.de\/en\/new\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/medx.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n                                                 <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                 Discovery of new immune response phase upends beliefs about T-cell priming (2025, April 10)<br \/>\n                                                 retrieved 10 April 2025<br \/>\n                                                 from https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2025-04-discovery-immune-response-phase-upends.html\n                                            <\/p>\n<p>\n                                            This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n                                            part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n                                            <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMN63nwsw68G3Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/category\/sciencee\/\" target=\"_blank\" >Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/news\/2025-04-discovery-immune-response-phase-upends.html\" target=\"_blank\" >Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CD8 T cell priming occurs in two phases. In the activation phase (day 1), na\u00efve T cells engage with dendritic cells (DC) for 24 hours, then detach, proliferate, and move deeper into the lymph node. In the selection phase (days 2-3), activated T cells regain sensitivity, re-engage with antigen-presenting cells, and receive IL-2 support from&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":662015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2025\/new-phase-of-the-immun.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-662014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/662014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=662014"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/662014\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/662015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=662014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=662014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=662014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}