{"id":668625,"date":"2025-05-12T10:20:21","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T07:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/universe-expected-to-decay-in-10%e2%81%b7%e2%81%b8-years-much-sooner-than-previously-thought\/"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:20:21","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T07:20:21","slug":"universe-expected-to-decay-in-10%e2%81%b7%e2%81%b8-years-much-sooner-than-previously-thought","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/universe-expected-to-decay-in-10%e2%81%b7%e2%81%b8-years-much-sooner-than-previously-thought\/","title":{"rendered":"Universe expected to decay in 10\u2077\u2078 years, much sooner than previously thought"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a402bcd25032\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a402bcd25032\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/universe-expected-to-decay-in-10%e2%81%b7%e2%81%b8-years-much-sooner-than-previously-thought\/#Ultimate_end\" >Ultimate end<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/universe-expected-to-decay-in-10%e2%81%b7%e2%81%b8-years-much-sooner-than-previously-thought\/#Neutron_star_as_slow_as_black_hole\" >Neutron star as slow as black hole<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/universe-expected-to-decay-in-10%e2%81%b7%e2%81%b8-years-much-sooner-than-previously-thought\/#Man_and_moon_1090_years\" >Man and moon: 1090 years<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2025\/universe-decays-faster-1.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2025\/universe-decays-faster-1.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Artistic impression of a neutron star that is 'evaporating' slowly via Hawking-like radiation. Credit: Dani\u00eblle Futselaar\/artsource.nl\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2025\/universe-decays-faster-1.jpg\" alt=\"Universe decays faster than thought, but still takes a long time\" title=\"Artistic impression of a neutron star that is 'evaporating' slowly via Hawking-like radiation. Credit: Dani\u00eblle Futselaar\/artsource.nl\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Artistic impression of a neutron star that is &#8216;evaporating&#8217; slowly via Hawking-like radiation. Credit: Dani\u00eblle Futselaar\/artsource.nl<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The universe is decaying much faster than thought. This is shown by calculations of three Dutch scientists on the so-called Hawking radiation. They calculate that the last stellar remnants take about 10<sup>78<\/sup> years to perish. That is much shorter than the previously postulated 10<sup>1100<\/sup> years.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers have published their findings in the <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>The research by black hole expert Heino Falcke, quantum physicist Michael Wondrak, and mathematician Walter van Suijlekom (all from Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) is a follow-up to a 2023 paper by the same trio.<\/p>\n<p>In that paper, they showed that not only black holes, but also other objects such as neutron stars, can &#8220;evaporate&#8221; via a process akin to Hawking radiation. After that publication, the researchers received many questions from inside and outside the scientific community about how long the process would take. They have now answered this question in the new article.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ultimate_end\"><\/span>Ultimate end<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The researchers calculated that the end of the universe is about 10<sup>78<\/sup> years away, if only Hawking-like radiation is taken into account. This is the time it takes for white dwarf stars, the most persistent celestial bodies, to decay via Hawking-like radiation.<\/p>\n<p>Previous studies, which did not take this effect into account, put the lifetime of white dwarfs at 10<sup>1100<\/sup> years. Lead author Heino Falcke said, &#8220;So the ultimate end of the universe comes much sooner than expected, but fortunately it still takes a very long time.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The researchers did the calculations dead-seriously and with a wink. The basis is a reinterpretation of Hawking radiation. In 1975, physicist Stephen Hawking postulated that contrary to the theory of relativity, particles and radiation could escape from a black hole. At the edge of a black hole, two temporary particles can form, and before they merge, one particle is sucked into the black hole and the other particle escapes.<\/p>\n<p>One of the consequences of this so-called Hawking radiation is that a black hole very slowly decays into particles and radiation. This contradicts Albert Einstein&#8217;s theory of relativity, which says that black holes can only grow.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2025\/universe-decays-faster.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2025\/universe-decays-faster.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Researchers calculated from ten different objects how long the 'evaporation' via Hawking-like radiation takes in an ideal environment without other influences. White dwarf stars dissolve in about 10&lt;sup&gt;78&lt;\/sup&gt; years. The human body, if only Hawking-like radiation is involved, decays in 10&lt;sup&gt;90&lt;\/sup&gt; years. Credit: Falcke, Wondrak &amp; Van Suijlekom\">\n<figure class=\"article-img text-center\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2025\/universe-decays-faster.jpg\" alt=\"Universe decays faster than thought, but still takes a long time\" title=\"Researchers calculated from ten different objects how long the 'evaporation' via Hawking-like radiation takes in an ideal environment without other influences. White dwarf stars dissolve in about 1078 years. The human body, if only Hawking-like radiation is involved, decays in 1090 years. Credit: Falcke, Wondrak &amp; Van Suijlekom\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-left text-darken text-truncate text-low-up mt-3\">\n                Researchers calculated from ten different objects how long the &#8216;evaporation&#8217; via Hawking-like radiation takes in an ideal environment without other influences. White dwarf stars dissolve in about 10<sup>78<\/sup> years. The human body, if only Hawking-like radiation is involved, decays in 10<sup>90<\/sup> years. Credit: Falcke, Wondrak &amp; Van Suijlekom<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neutron_star_as_slow_as_black_hole\"><\/span>Neutron star as slow as black hole<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The researchers calculated that the process of Hawking radiation theoretically also <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>lies to other objects with a gravitational field. The calculations further showed that the evaporation time of an object depends only on its density.<\/p>\n<p>To the researchers&#8217; surprise, neutron stars and stellar black holes take the same amount of time to decay: 10<sup>67<\/sup> years. This was unexpected because black holes have a stronger gravitational field, which should cause them to evaporate faster.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;But black holes have no surface,&#8221; says co-author and postdoctoral researcher Michael Wondrak, &#8220;They reabsorb some of their own radiation which inhibits the process.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Man_and_moon_1090_years\"><\/span>Man and moon: 10<sup>90<\/sup> years<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Because the researchers were at it anyway, they also calculated how long it takes for the moon and a human to evaporate via Hawking-like radiation. That&#8217;s 10<sup>90<\/sup> years. Of course, the researchers subtly note, there are other processes that may cause humans and the moon to disappear faster than calculated.<\/p>\n<p>Co-author Walter van Suijlekom, professor of mathematics at Radboud University, adds that the research is an exciting collaboration of different disciplines and that combining astrophysics, quantum physics and mathematics leads to new insights.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;By asking these kinds of questions and looking at extreme cases, we want to better understand the theory, and perhaps one day, we will unravel the mystery of Hawking radiation.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n<p><strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH. Falcke et al, An upper limit to the lifetime of stellar remnants from gravitational pair production, <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics<\/i>. On <i>arXiv<\/i> (2024). <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2410.14734\" target=\"_blank\">DOI: 10.48550\/arxiv.2410.14734<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"mt-3\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Journal information:<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite>arXiv<\/cite><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNetherlands Research School for Astronomy<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nova-astronomy.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUniverse expected to decay in 10\u2077\u2078 years, much sooner than previously thought (2025, May 12)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tretrieved 12 May 2025<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfrom https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2025-05-universe-decay-years-sooner-previously.html\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMN63nwsw68G3Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/category\/sciencee\/\" target=\"_blank\" >Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2025-05-universe-decay-years-sooner-previously.html\" target=\"_blank\" >Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artistic impression of a neutron star that is &#8216;evaporating&#8217; slowly via Hawking-like radiation. Credit: Dani\u00eblle Futselaar\/artsource.nl The universe is decaying much faster than thought. This is shown by calculations of three Dutch scientists on the so-called Hawking radiation. They calculate that the last stellar remnants take about 1078 years to perish. That is much shorter&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":668626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2025\/universe-decays-faster-1.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-668625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=668625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/668626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=668625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=668625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=668625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}