{"id":675190,"date":"2025-06-15T00:25:46","date_gmt":"2025-06-14T21:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on\/"},"modified":"2025-06-15T00:25:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T21:25:46","slug":"frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on\/","title":{"rendered":"France&#8217;s final nuclear tests in the South Pacific, 30 years on"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a396f33b849d\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a396f33b849d\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on\/#Frances_history_of_nuclear_tests\" >France&#8217;s history of nuclear tests<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on\/#Inadequate_compensation_for_lingering_harm\" >Inadequate compensation for lingering harm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on\/#Future_of_the_test_ban_treaty\" >Future of the test ban treaty<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2020\/1-nuclearbomb.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2020\/1-nuclearbomb.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2020\/1-nuclearbomb.jpg\" alt=\"nuclear bomb\" title=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In recent months, the viability of France&#8217;s nuclear arsenal has been making headlines with talk of a French <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c871e41751yo\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;nuclear umbrella&#8221;<\/a> that might shield its allies on the European continent. In the face of the Russia-Ukraine war, and Russian President <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/world\/putin-says-he-hopes-russia-will-not-need-to-use-nuclear-weapons-in-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\">Vladimir Putin&#8217;s statements<\/a> regarding the possibility of deploying nuclear weapons in that conflict, the question of how to best defend Europe has taken on an urgency not seen since the height of the Cold War.<\/p>\n<p>Despite its more robust nuclear weapons capabilities, <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/03\/16\/europe\/trump-nato-umbrella-europe-intl\" target=\"_blank\">the United States<\/a> in the Donald Trump era <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ears less committed to the defense of its NATO allies. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2025\/03\/10\/can-frances-nuclear-deterrent-defend-the-eu\" target=\"_blank\">Debates about a French nuclear umbrella<\/a> aside, these discussions\u2014combined with <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/europe\/20250428-conflicts-military-spending\" target=\"_blank\">increased military spending worldwide<\/a> and resurgent <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/11166174\/world-war-3-europe-usa-imminent-poll\/\" target=\"_blank\">fears of nuclear war<\/a>\u2014make the history of France&#8217;s nuclear readiness and weapons testing feel uneasily current.<\/p>\n<p>On June 13, 1995, <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mediaclip.ina.fr\/en\/i19016193-jacques-chirac-resumption-of-nuclear-tests.html\" target=\"_blank\">French President Jacques Chirac announced<\/a> that France would resume testing nuclear weapons in the South Pacific. Just weeks after being elected to office, Chirac ended a three-year moratorium on testing that his predecessor, Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, had put into effect in <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1992\/04\/09\/world\/france-suspends-its-testing-of-nuclear-weapons.html\" target=\"_blank\">April 1992<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Chirac insisted this additional <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series<\/a> of weapons tests was essential to France&#8217;s national security and the continued independence of its nuclear deterrent. The eight planned detonations scheduled to take place over the next several months would, he claimed, provide the data needed to move from real-world detonations to computer simulations in the future. He also said it would enable France to sign the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/disarmament.unoda.org\/wmd\/nuclear\/ctbt\/\" target=\"_blank\">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty<\/a> (CTBT) banning all nuclear explosions, for military or other purposes, by the fall of 1996.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frances_history_of_nuclear_tests\"><\/span>France&#8217;s history of nuclear tests<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Chirac&#8217;s June 1995 announcement, followed by the first new detonation in September that year, provoked <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1995\/07\/10\/world\/french-seize-protest-ship-of-greenpeace.html\" target=\"_blank\">intense opposition from environmental<\/a> and peace groups, and <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-07-02-mn-19661-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">protests from Paris<\/a> to <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2Iu1mSlHSGI\" target=\"_blank\">Papeete<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/teara.govt.nz\/en\/photograph\/36847\/opposing-french-nuclear-testing-1995\" target=\"_blank\">throughout the Pacific region<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/politics\/1995\/09\/03\/protesters-press-france-to-forgo-blast\/53205df2-bf71-4c26-8c6f-2254c1c409c8\/\" target=\"_blank\">across the globe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Representatives from the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edm.parliament.uk\/early-day-motion\/10350\/nuclear-testing-and-a-boycott-of-french-products\" target=\"_blank\">world&#8217;s other nuclear-armed states<\/a> expressed concern that France was choosing to conduct further tests so close to a comprehensive ban. The governments of <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/1995\/06\/23\/Australia-slaps-France-over-nuclear-testing\/9785803880000\/\" target=\"_blank\">Australia, New Zealand<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/1995\/06\/15\/Japan-blasts-French-nuclear-test-plan\/6281803188800\/\" target=\"_blank\">Japan<\/a> also registered their staunch opposition, issuing diplomatic statements, calling for the boycott of French goods and pursuing other measures of rebuke.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ads w-100 my-4 article-main__more bg-light p-3 border\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<p class=\"mb-3\">\n        Discover the latest in <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science<\/a>, tech, and space with over <strong>100,000 subscribers<\/strong> who rely on Phys.org for daily insights.<br \/>\n        Sign up for our <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sciencex.com\/help\/newsletter\/\" target=\"_blank\">free newsletter<\/a> and get updates on breakthroughs,<br \/>\n        innovations, and research that matter\u2014<strong>daily or weekly<\/strong>.\n    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A defensive posture had been a pillar of France&#8217;s nuclear weapons policy since the nation first entered the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/11\/16\/infographic-the-world-nuclear-club\" target=\"_blank\">atomic club<\/a> in 1960 with the detonation of <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/media\/photographs\/testing\/french\/gerboise_bleue-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">Gerboise Bleue<\/a>, a 70-kiloton bomb, at Reggane in Algeria. The following three atmospheric and 13 underground Saharan tests resulted in serious long-term health and environmental consequences for the region&#8217;s inhabitants.<\/p>\n<p>In 1966, France&#8217;s nuclear testing program relocated to <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/magazine\/15-clothing-politics\/guest-columns-recognizing-tahiti-nui-maohi-peoples-decolonial-voices-international-politics-j-vehia-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\">Ma\u014d&#8217;hui Nui<\/a>, colonially known as &#8220;French Polynesia.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The next 26 years saw a further 187 French nuclear and thermonuclear detonations above and beneath the Pacific atolls of Moruroa and Fangataufa. They exposed the local population to <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/disclose.ngo\/en\/article\/french-nuclear-tests-in-the-pacific-the-hidden-fallout-that-hit-tahiti\" target=\"_blank\">dangerous levels of radiation<\/a>, contaminating food and water supplies, and harming corals and other forms of ocean life.<\/p>\n<p>These experiments\u2014along with the final six underground detonations the French carried out in 1995 and 1996\u2014left a <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/feb\/07\/france-polynesia-atolls-nuclear-tests\" target=\"_blank\">toxic legacy<\/a> for generations to come.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mb-4\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\">\n    <meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"France\u2019s final nuclear tests in the South Pacific, 30 years\u00a0on\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\/?v=esN7mvqBP1Y\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"A report on France\u2019s nuclear tests in the South Pacific.\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2025-06-13T07:35:24-04:00\"\/><br \/>\n        <meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/esN7mvqBP1Y\"\/><br \/>\n    <meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/esN7mvqBP1Y\/maxresdefault.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\n             <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Moruroa files - Investigation into French nuclear tests in the Pacific\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/esN7mvqBP1Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n         <\/p><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up mt-4\" itemprop=\"caption\">A report on France\u2019s nuclear tests in the South Pacific.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inadequate_compensation_for_lingering_harm\"><\/span>Inadequate compensation for lingering harm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When Chirac shared his rationale for France&#8217;s latest nuclear test series with a room full of journalists gathered at the Elys\u00e9e Palace in June 1995, he was adamant that these planned tests, and all of France&#8217;s nuclear detonations, had <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mediaclip.ina.fr\/en\/i19016193-jacques-chirac-resumption-of-nuclear-tests.html\" target=\"_blank\">absolutely no ecological consequences<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Today, we know this claim was more than incorrect. It was a falsehood reliant on <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/moruroa-files.org\/en\/investigation\/findings-of-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">data and conclusions that grossly underestimated the harmful impact<\/a> that France&#8217;s nuclear testing program had on the health of French soldiers and non-military personnel onsite, inhabitants in the surrounding areas and the environments where these explosions took place.<\/p>\n<p>Most recently, during <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/07\/30\/world\/olympics\/olympics-tahiti-nuclear-testing.html\" target=\"_blank\">the 2024 Paris Olympics<\/a>, there was an evident deep contradiction between &#8220;French Polynesia&#8221; as a tourist paradise and idyllic location for the <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/game\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"7\" title=\"Game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Game<\/a>s&#8217; surf competitions and a space of continuing injustice for test victims that highlights the history of France&#8217;s nuclear imperialism in the region.<\/p>\n<p>In 2010, the French government passed the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/archive\/6947177\/france-votes-to-pay-nuclear-testing-victims\/\" target=\"_blank\">Morin law<\/a> ostensibly aimed at addressing the suffering of those significantly harmed by radiation during France&#8217;s nuclear weapons detonations from 1960 through 1996.<\/p>\n<p>The number of people who have been successful in their applications for recognition and compensation <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/france\/article\/2025\/05\/27\/french-polynesia-nuclear-tests-how-the-atomic-energy-commission-is-funding-a-counter-narrative-on-contamination_6741724_7.html\" target=\"_blank\">remains inadequate<\/a>, particularly in <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-56799670\" target=\"_blank\">Algeria<\/a>. Out of the 2,846 applications submitted by only a fraction of the thousands of estimated victims, just over 400 people in Ma\u014d&#8217;hui Nui and <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/algeria-60-years-on-french-nuclear-tests-leave-bitter-fallout\/a-52354351\" target=\"_blank\">only one Algerian<\/a> have received compensation since 2010.<\/p>\n<p>In 2021, French President Emmanuel Macron <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/asia-pacific\/20210728-without-apologising-macron-says-paris-owes-debt-to-french-polynesia-over-nuclear-tests\" target=\"_blank\">acknowledged that France &#8220;owes a debt&#8221;<\/a> to the people of Ma\u014d&#8217;hui Nui. He has since called for the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rnz.co.nz\/international\/pacific-news\/479695\/france-opens-archives-related-to-nuclear-weapons-tests-in-the-pacific\" target=\"_blank\">opening up of key archives<\/a> pertaining to this history, but there is much more work to be done on all fronts.<\/p>\n<p>The findings of a <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/france\/article\/2025\/05\/27\/french-polynesia-nuclear-tests-how-the-atomic-energy-commission-is-funding-a-counter-narrative-on-contamination_6741724_7.html\" target=\"_blank\">recent French parliamentary commission<\/a> on the effects of testing in the Pacific, scheduled to be released soon, may contribute to greater transparency and justice for victims in the future.<\/p>\n<p>In Ma\u014d&#8217;hui Nui, demands for acknowledgment and restitution have been intertwined with the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jia.sipa.columbia.edu\/news\/trouble-paradise-oscar-temaru-nuclear-testing-and-independence-aspirations\" target=\"_blank\">independence movement<\/a>, while confronting the impact and legacies of the nuclear detonations <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20210729-in-algeria-france-s-1960s-nuclear-tests-still-taint-ties\" target=\"_blank\">in Algeria<\/a> has been fraught with tensions between Algeria and France over the colonial past.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_of_the_test_ban_treaty\"><\/span>Future of the test ban treaty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In January 1996, France conducted its <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1996\/01\/30\/world\/france-ending-nuclear-tests-that-caused-broad-protests.html\" target=\"_blank\">last nuclear test<\/a> by detonating a 120-kiloton bomb underground in the South Pacific. In September, France added its signature to the CTBT, joining the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, China and 66 other states without nuclear weapons in their commitment not to engage in further nuclear explosions in any context.<\/p>\n<p>Almost 30 years later, the CTBT has still not come into force. While most signatories have ratified the treaty, China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the U.S. are among the nine that have not. Meanwhile, Russia withdrew its own ratification in 2023. Key non-signatories include India, North Korea and Pakistan\u2014all nuclear-armed states that have conducted their own tests since 1996.<\/p>\n<p>Given these crucial exceptions to a test ban, the prospects for something as ambitious as the 2017 <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/disarmament.unoda.org\/wmd\/nuclear\/tpnw\/\" target=\"_blank\">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons<\/a>, which not a single nuclear weapons state has signed to date, remain uncertain, to say the least.<\/p>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium mt-4\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Conversation<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/phys.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"article-main__note mt-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  This article is republished from <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/frances-final-nuclear-tests-in-the-south-pacific-30-years-on-256439\" target=\"_blank\">original article<\/a>.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/256439\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrance&#8217;s final nuclear tests in the South Pacific, 30 years on (2025, June 14)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tretrieved 14 June 2025<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfrom https:\/\/phys.org\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2025-06-france-nuclear-south-pacific-years.html\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMN63nwsw68G3Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/category\/sciencee\/\" target=\"_blank\" >Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2025-06-france-nuclear-south-pacific-years.html\" target=\"_blank\" >Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain In recent months, the viability of France&#8217;s nuclear arsenal has been making headlines with talk of a French &#8220;nuclear umbrella&#8221; that might shield its allies on the European continent. In the face of the Russia-Ukraine war, and Russian President Vladimir Putin&#8217;s statements regarding the possibility of deploying nuclear weapons in that&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":675191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2020\/1-nuclearbomb.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-675190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=675190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675190\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/675191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=675190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=675190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=675190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}