{"id":678801,"date":"2025-07-06T07:10:22","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T04:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-signals-more-reliably-than-those-in-rear-brain-regions\/"},"modified":"2025-07-06T07:10:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T04:10:22","slug":"cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-signals-more-reliably-than-those-in-rear-brain-regions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-signals-more-reliably-than-those-in-rear-brain-regions\/","title":{"rendered":"Cerebral cortex synapses transmit signals more reliably than those in rear brain regions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6af80d1234516\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6af80d1234516\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-signals-more-reliably-than-those-in-rear-brain-regions\/#Differences_in_signal_transmission\" >Differences in signal transmission<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-signals-more-reliably-than-those-in-rear-brain-regions\/#Sensor_protein_plays_a_key_role\" >Sensor protein plays a key role<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"article-gallery lightGallery\">\n<div data-thumb=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/tmb\/2022\/cerebral-cortex.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/cerebral-cortex.jpg\" data-sub-html=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\">\n<figure class=\"article-img\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/scx1.b-cdn.net\/csz\/news\/800a\/2022\/cerebral-cortex.jpg\" alt=\"cerebral cortex\" title=\"Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\"\/><figcaption class=\"text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3\">\n                Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain<br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Researchers at Leipzig University&#8217;s Carl Ludwig Institute have discovered that in the cerebral cortex, synaptic signal transmission between brain cells functions very reliably even at low concentrations of calcium ions\u2014unlike in the rear region of the brain.<\/p>\n<p>The findings contribute to our understanding of the healthy brain, but may also prove useful to the computer industry, for example in the development of neural networks. The results were <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adp0870\" target=\"_blank\">published<\/a> in <i><a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a><\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Thinking, learning, feeling\u2014all sensory perceptions are processed in the brain. Roughly 100 billion nerve cells are interconnected in the human brain.<\/p>\n<p>The lightning-fast communication between these brain cells, known as neurons, takes place primarily through signal transmission at their contact points, the synapses. This involves a complex interplay of electrochemical processes that bridge the tiny gaps between a sending cell and a receiving cell.<\/p>\n<p>The underlying mechanism is well known: put simply, synaptic signal transmission is triggered when calcium ions in the sender neuron bind to specific sensor proteins, which causes messengers\u2014known as neurotransmitters\u2014to be released from the cell. The receiving cell responds with a measurable electrical signal.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differences_in_signal_transmission\"><\/span>Differences in signal transmission<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nevertheless, there are significant differences between regions of the brain that can affect signal transmission, such as the size of the nerve cells, the number of synapses, and the properties of the calcium-binding sensor proteins within the cells.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We have known for some time that transmission in the cerebral cortex is much more reliable than in other regions of the brain,&#8221; says Professor Hartmut Schmidt of the Carl Ludwig Institute (CLI) at the Faculty of Medicine, who led the study.<\/p>\n<p>The cortex is also known as the gray matter of the brain, which contains processing centers for various functions, such as the somatosensory cortex. This is the area where sensory impressions from the body are pre-processed before being passed on to other parts of the cortex.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sensor_protein_plays_a_key_role\"><\/span>Sensor protein plays a key role<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;In our current study, we discovered that the sensor protein there\u2014known as synaptotagmin 1\u2014already responds to much lower calcium concentrations in the synapse and triggers signal transmission. This is in contrast to the sensor protein synaptotagmin 2, for example, which is found in cells in the rear part of the brain and has been studied for 25 years,&#8221; explains the biologist.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The properties of synaptotagmin 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>ear to contribute to the fact that the cortical synapses we examined are not only more reliable, but also more plastic\u2014a fundamental prerequisite for the brain&#8217;s ability to adapt to new demands over the course of life.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Detailed knowledge of these factors in the healthy brain provides a foundation for identifying disrupted processes in brain disorders and for developing potential therapies.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;But these findings could also be relevant to the further development of neural networks in the computer industry,&#8221; says Schmidt.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers studied cells in the primary somatosensory cortex using brain tissue from mice. They combined several methods in their experimental <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series<\/a>: using the patch-clamp technique, they measured the electrical signals of connected pairs of nerve cells. At the same time, they monitored and measured the calcium concentration in the synapses using a UV laser and a two-photon laser microscope.<\/p>\n<p>They also developed their own method, which they call &#8220;axon walking.&#8221; This makes it possible to locate the four to five synapses currently active along the nerve cell extensions, known as axons. These synapses are only about a thousandth of a millimeter in size.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the data, the researchers developed a detailed mathematical model for the sensor protein under investigation. The model can also be used by other research groups. Current follow-up projects are examining whether synaptic transmission can be further differentiated across different regions of the cerebral cortex.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-main__more p-4\">\n<p><strong>More information:<\/strong><br \/>\n                                                    Grit Bornschein et al, The intracellular Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> sensitivity of transmitter release in glutamatergic neocortical boutons, <i>Science<\/i> (2025). <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adp0870\" target=\"_blank\">DOI: 10.1126\/science.adp0870<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"d-inline-block text-medium my-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLeipzig University<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"icon_open\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uni-leipzig.de\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use href=\"https:\/\/medx.b-cdn.net\/tmpl\/v6\/img\/svg\/sprite.svg#icon_open\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>                                        <!-- print only --><\/p>\n<div class=\"d-none d-print-block\">\n<p>\n                                                 <strong>Citation<\/strong>:<br \/>\n                                                 Cerebral cortex synapses transmit signals more reliably than those in rear brain regions (2025, July 4)<br \/>\n                                                 retrieved 6 July 2025<br \/>\n                                                 from https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news<\/a>\/2025-07-cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-reliably.html\n                                            <\/p>\n<p>\n                                            This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no<br \/>\n                                            part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.\n                                            <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script id=\"facebook-jssdk\" async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">If you liked the article, do not forget to share it with your friends. Follow us on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/publications\/CAAqBwgKMN63nwsw68G3Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Google News<\/a><\/span>\u00a0too, click on the star and choose us from your favorites.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more Like this articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" target=\"_blank\" >Science category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/news\/2025-07-cerebral-cortex-synapses-transmit-reliably.html\" target=\"_blank\" >Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain Researchers at Leipzig University&#8217;s Carl Ludwig Institute have discovered that in the cerebral cortex, synaptic signal transmission between brain cells functions very reliably even at low concentrations of calcium ions\u2014unlike in the rear region of the brain. The findings contribute to our understanding of the healthy brain, but may also prove&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":678802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/scx2.b-cdn.net\/gfx\/news\/hires\/2022\/cerebral-cortex.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-678801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciencee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=678801"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678801\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/678802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=678801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=678801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=678801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}