{"id":70312,"date":"2020-09-18T18:11:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T15:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/vlba-makes-first-direct-distance-measurement-to-magnetar\/"},"modified":"2020-09-18T18:11:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T15:11:36","slug":"vlba-makes-first-direct-distance-measurement-to-magnetar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/vlba-makes-first-direct-distance-measurement-to-magnetar\/","title":{"rendered":"#VLBA makes first direct distance measurement to magnetar"},"content":{"rendered":"

“#VLBA makes first direct distance measurement to magnetar<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

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\n Artist’s conception of a magnetar — a superdense neutron star with an extremely strong magnetic field. In this illustration, the magnetar is emitting a burst of radiation. Credit: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO\/AUI\/NSF
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Astronomers using the National Science<\/a> Foundation’s Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) have made the first direct geometric measurement of the distance to a magnetar within our Milky Way Galaxy\u2014a measurement that could help determine if magnetars are the sources of the long-mysterious Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs).<\/p>\n


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Magnetars are a variety of neutron stars\u2014the superdense remains of massive stars that exploded as supernovae\u2014with extremely strong magnetic fields. A typical magnetar magnetic field is a trillion times stronger than the Earth’s magnetic field, making magnetars the most magnetic objects in the Universe. They can emit strong bursts of X-rays and gamma rays, and recently have become a leading candidate for the sources of FRBs.<\/p>\n

A magnetar called XTE J1810-197, discovered in 2003, was the first of only six such objects found to emit radio pulses. It did so from 2003 to 2008, then ceased for a decade. In December of 2018, it resumed emitting bright radio pulses.<\/p>\n

A team of astronomers used the VLBA to regularly observe XTE J1810-197 from January to November of 2019, then again during March and April of 2020. By viewing the magnetar from opposite sides of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, they were able to detect a slight shift in its app<\/a>arent position with respect to background objects much more distant. This effect, called parallax, allows astronomers to use geometry to directly calculate the object’s distance.<\/p>\n

“This is the first parallax measurement for a magnetar, and shows that it is among the closest magnetars known\u2014at about 8100 light-years\u2014making it a prime target for future study,” said Hao Ding, a graduate student at the Swinburne University of Technology<\/a> in Australia.<\/p>\n

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\"VLBA
\n By observing an object from opposite sides of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, as illustrated in this artist’s conception, astronomers were able to detect the slight shift in the object’s apparent position with respect to much more distant background objects. This effect, called parallax, allows scientists then to use geometry to directly calculate the distance to the object — in this case a magnetar within our own Milky Way galaxy. The illustration is not to scale. Credit: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO\/AUI\/NSF
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On April 28, a different magnetar, called SGR 1935+2154, emitted a brief radio burst that was the strongest ever recorded from within the Milky Way. While not as strong as FRBs coming from other galaxies, this burst suggested to astronomers that magnetars could generate FRBs.<\/p>\n

Fast radio bursts were first discovered in 2007. They are very energetic, and last at most a few milliseconds. Most have come from outside the Milky Way. Their origin remains unknown, but their characteristics have indicated that the extreme environment of a magnetar could generate them.<\/p>\n

“Having a precise distance to this magnetar means that we can accurately calculate the strength of the radio pulses coming from it. If it emits something similar to an FRB, we will know how strong that pulse is,” said Adam Deller, also of Swinburne University. “FRBs vary in their strength, so we would like to know if a magnetar pulse comes close or overlaps with the strength of known FRBs,” he added.<\/p>\n

“A key to answering this question will be to get more distances to magnetars, so we can expand our sample and obtain more data. The VLBA is the ideal tool for doing this,” said Walter Brisken, of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.<\/p>\n

In addition, “We know that pulsars, such as the one in the famous Crab Nebula, emit ‘giant pulses,’ much stronger than their usual ones. Determining the distances to magnetars will help us understand this phenomenon, and learn if maybe FRBs are the most extreme example of giant pulses,” Ding said.<\/p>\n

The ultimate goal is to determine the exact mechanism that produces FRBs, the scientists said.<\/p>\n\n

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Extremely intense radio burst detected from magnetar SGR 1935+2154\n <\/p><\/div>\n

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\n More information:<\/strong>
\n H Ding et al. A magnetar parallax, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society<\/i> (2020). DOI: 10.1093\/mnras\/staa2531<\/a> , arxiv.org\/abs\/2008.06438<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
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\n National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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Citation<\/strong>:
\n VLBA makes first direct distance measurement to magnetar (2020, September 18)
\n retrieved 18 September 2020
\n from https:\/\/phys.org\/news<\/a>\/2020-09-vlba-distance-magnetar.html<\/p>\n

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