{"id":73759,"date":"2020-09-23T22:54:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-23T19:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/"},"modified":"2020-09-23T22:54:00","modified_gmt":"2020-09-23T19:54:00","slug":"how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/","title":{"rendered":"#\n  How in-person college reopenings could be affecting COVID-19 spread \u2014 one study linked 3,000 cases a day to campuses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a23a9154c2e6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a23a9154c2e6\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/#%E2%80%98Weve_shown_you_some_of_the_costs_of_being_a_face-to-face_institution_one_researcher_said\" >\u2018We\u2019ve shown you some of the costs of being a face-to-face institution,\u2019 one researcher said.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/#New_research_provides_insight_into_how_college_reopening_plans_may_have_impacted_the_spread_of_COVID-19\" >New research provides insight into how college reopening plans may have impacted the spread of COVID-19.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/#Findings_based_on_an_analysis_of_cell_phone_and_case_data\" >Findings based on an analysis of cell phone and case data<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/#%E2%80%98Difficult_to_attribute_a_precise_numerical_estimate\" >\u2018Difficult to attribute a precise numerical estimate\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/how-in-person-college-reopenings-could-be-affecting-covid-19-spread-one-study-linked-3000-cases-a-day-to-campuses\/#Jillian_Berman\" >Jillian Berman<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#<br \/>\n  How in-person college reopenings could be affecting COVID-19 spread \u2014 one study linked 3,000 cases a day to campuses<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/watch-movies-tv-seriess\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"Watch Movies &amp; TV Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch Movies<\/a> or TV series visit the <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/dizi.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dizi.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 class=\"article__subhead\" itemprop=\"alternativeHeadline\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Weve_shown_you_some_of_the_costs_of_being_a_face-to-face_institution_one_researcher_said\"><\/span>\n  \u2018We\u2019ve shown you some of the costs of being a face-to-face institution,\u2019 one researcher said.<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"column column--full article__content\">\n<div id=\"js-article__body\" class=\"article__body article-wrap at16-col16 barrons-article-wrap\" itemprop=\"articleBody\" data-sbid=\"WP-MKTW-0000019070\">\n<div class=\"barrons-article-ad-wrapper\">\n<div data-track=\"barrons-article-ad-wrap\" class=\"barrons-article-ad sticky_item\">\n<div class=\"barrons-main-article-ad-target sticky_target body_ad\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div data-layout=\"inline\n              \" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n        media-object\n        type-InsetMediaIllustration\n          inline\n  article__inset\n        article__inset--type-InsetMediaIllustration\n          article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"\n        media-object-image\n        enlarge-image\n        renoImageFormat-\n        img-inline\n        article__inset__image\n      \" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:66.640625%;\" data-mobile-ratio=\"66.640625%\" data-layout-ratio=\"66.640625%\" data-subtype=\"\" class=\"image-container  responsive-media article__inset__image__image\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=140&amp;size=1.5005861664712778 140w,\nhttps:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=540&amp;size=1.5005861664712778 540w,\nhttps:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=620&amp;size=1.5005861664712778 620w,\nhttps:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=700&amp;size=1.5005861664712778 700w,\nhttps:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=860&amp;size=1.5005861664712778 860w,\nhttps:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=1260&amp;size=1.5005861664712778 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100px,\n(max-width: 540px) 500px,\n(max-width: 620px) 580px,\n(max-width: 700px) 660px,\n(max-width: 860px) 820px,\n1260px\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=620&amp;size=1.5005861664712778\" data-enlarge=\"https:\/\/images.mktw.net\/im-235709?width=1260&amp;size=1.5005861664712778\" alt=\"\" title=\"New research provides insight into how college reopening plans may have impacted the spread of...\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"wsj-article-caption article__inset__image__caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">\n<h4 class=\"wsj-article-caption-content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_research_provides_insight_into_how_college_reopening_plans_may_have_impacted_the_spread_of_COVID-19\"><\/span>New research provides insight into how college reopening plans may have impacted the spread of COVID-19. <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>      <span class=\"wsj-article-credit article__inset__image__caption__credit\" itemprop=\"creator\"><br \/>\n            Sean Rayford\/Getty Images<br \/>\n          <\/span><br \/>\n  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>       Colleges across the country have faced scrutiny after inviting students back to campus in the midst of a global pandemic. New research aims to estimate the impact those decisions have had on the spread of COVID-19.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"paywall\">\n       <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/medrxiv.org\/cgi\/content\/short\/2020.09.22.20196048v1\" class=\"icon none\">A paper<\/a> by an economist at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, an epidemiologist at Indiana University, and a higher education expert at Davidson College (among others), found that colleges reopening for in-person instruction was associated with 3,000 new cases of COVID-19 per day in the U.S. The researchers estimated a 95% confidence interval for the findings of between roughly 1,000 and 5,000 cases.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> \u201cThese colleges that chose to open for face-to-face instruction, they\u2019re contributing to county case counts,\u201d said Martin Andersen, an assistant professor of economics at UNC-Greensboro and one of the authors of the study.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The findings, which are currently under review proceedings at the National Academy of <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/sciencee\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"5\" title=\"Science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a>s (meaning they have yet to be peer reviewed), come amid months of controversy over colleges\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roach to this fall. When the pandemic first took hold in the spring, pretty much every college rushed to send students home. But this semester, colleges have employed a wide array of plans as many face both political and financial pressure to provide students with as close to the \u201ccollege experience\u201d as they had anticipated pre-pandemic.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Many colleges brought students back for face-to-face instruction and to live in on-campus residence halls with a range in approaches to testing. In some cases, colleges invited students back only to send them to lock down in dorms as cases spiked, or even to return home. Other schools decided to keep their campuses largely closed and hold classes only online.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Findings_based_on_an_analysis_of_cell_phone_and_case_data\"><\/span>Findings based on an analysis of cell phone and case data<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>To come up with the findings, the team of researchers looked at cell phone data to track mobility in the weeks leading up to and following campus reopenings. The group compared what they learned from the cell phone movements to data on COVID-19 cases at the county level. What they found is that in counties with a campus that reopened in person, the incidence of COVID-19 cases increased by a statistically significant level after the influx of people to the region as indicated by the cell phone data.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re not able to make a causal connection in quite the way we want to,\u201d Andersen said. Instead the movement to campuses is correlated with the increase in cases.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The findings have a few other caveats, Andersen said. For one, the team\u2019s method attributes all of the increase in county cases to the behavior of a college in a given county. In other words, there may be cases in the broader community that aren\u2019t necessarily associated with the college\u2019s behavior. In addition, in deciding whether to classify a campus as in-person or online, the researchers used \u201ca pretty course measure,\u201d Andersen said. Finally, the findings don\u2019t capture colleges\u2019 efforts to mitigate the spread of the virus.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe would love to be able to take this result and say \u2018OK campuses, do this and you\u2019ll be able to protect your community.\u2019 We\u2019re not in a position to do that yet,\u201d Andersen said. \u201cWe are in a position to say \u2018be thoughtful, be careful.\u2019 We\u2019ve shown you some of the costs of being a face-to-face institution.\u201d As colleges consider their plans for the spring semester, for example, Andersen said, they can weigh these potential costs of in-person instruction against the benefits.<\/p>\n<div id=\"cx-membership-tile\"><\/div>\n<p>There are some more precise insights that can be gleaned from the findings. Even at colleges that made the decision to offer only remote instruction, it appears some students still moved to the areas where their colleges are located; researchers found a 30% to 40% bump in the number of devices on campus even after colleges opened online. Even so, opening up online wasn\u2019t correlated with an increase in positive COVID-19 cases.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the researchers found that colleges drawing students from areas with high positivity rates were more likely to see increases in positive case counts in their counties.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhere a college draws its students from seems to have a fairly big effect on how the county weathers the college reopening,\u201d Andersen said.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Difficult_to_attribute_a_precise_numerical_estimate\"><\/span>\u2018Difficult to attribute a precise numerical estimate\u2019<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Joshua Salomon, a professor of medicine at Stanford University and the director of the Prevention Policy Modeling Lab, a research consortium focused on modeling related to infectious disease, said the researchers did a \u201ccommendable job\u201d with the data that they have available to them. Salomon, who was not involved in the study, said their findings are \u201cconsistent with what we had expected,\u201d and \u201cconsistent with intuition and logic.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Still, he added, \u201cit is difficult to attribute a precise numerical estimate,\u201d like 3,000 new cases per day, \u201cto this causal effect.\u201d For one, it\u2019s hard to untangle a college\u2019s approach to reopening from the broader landscape of policies in that region that may have contributed to increasing case counts. In addition, Salomon said that colleges\u2019 decision to test students as they arrived may have contributed to higher case counts during this period.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Andersen said if the increase in cases were due to increased testing as students arrived to campus, they likely would have shown up between one day before the campus opened and one day after. Many of the observations of positive cases showed up in the second week of colleges reopening, he said.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019re trying to do something that is quite hard, which is to reconstruct what would have happened if colleges that reopened in person had done something different,\u201d Salomon said of the research. \u201cWe\u2019re relying on what we can observe in the world as opposed to what we would do if we were running an experiment,\u201d he said, noting that many policy impact analyses are done this way and that many are being conducted in this way right now because that\u2019s the data we have available.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Despite these caveats, the Salomon said he believes the findings are \u201cdirectionally correct\u201d and provide insight into the consequences of colleges\u2019 behavior during this time. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a reminder, as if we needed one, that the decisions that college administrators are making can have profound impact not only on their college communities, that include students and faculty and staff, but also on the surrounding communities.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"byline article__byline\">\n<p>      <span>By<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"author  hasMenu\" data-scrim='{\"type\":\"author\",\"header\":\"Jillian Berman\",\"subhead\":\"The Wall Street Journal\",\"list\":[]}' itemscope itemprop=\"author\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\n<h4 itemprop=\"name\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jillian_Berman\"><\/span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/marketwatch.com\/author\/jillian-berman?mod=MW_author_byline\">Jillian Berman<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>if you want to watch Movies or Tv Shows go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/dizi.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dizi.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a> <\/span> for forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News<\/a> articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">News category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/news\/story.asp?guid=%7B21004575-02D4-D4B5-4572-D4A7EFEAF74A%7D&#038;siteid=rss&#038;rss=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;# How in-person college reopenings could be affecting COVID-19 spread \u2014 one study linked 3,000 cases a day to campuses &#8221; If you want to watch Movies or TV series visit the Dizi.BuradaBiliyorum.Com \u2018We\u2019ve shown you some of the costs of being a face-to-face institution,\u2019 one researcher said. New research provides insight into how college&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70897],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73759\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}