{"id":76563,"date":"2020-09-27T18:10:35","date_gmt":"2020-09-27T15:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/there-are-four-coronavirus-vaccines-in-late-stage-studies-heres-how-they-differ\/"},"modified":"2020-09-27T18:10:35","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T15:10:35","slug":"there-are-four-coronavirus-vaccines-in-late-stage-studies-heres-how-they-differ","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/there-are-four-coronavirus-vaccines-in-late-stage-studies-heres-how-they-differ\/","title":{"rendered":"#\n  There are four coronavirus vaccines in late-stage studies \u2014 here\u2019s how they differ"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a20c2b3ad3a9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #dd3333;color:#dd3333\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a20c2b3ad3a9\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/there-are-four-coronavirus-vaccines-in-late-stage-studies-heres-how-they-differ\/#The_vaccine_candidates_vary_on_everything_from_refrigeration_needs_to_effectiveness_goals_and_number_of_doses\" >The vaccine candidates vary on everything from refrigeration needs to effectiveness goals and number of doses<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/there-are-four-coronavirus-vaccines-in-late-stage-studies-heres-how-they-differ\/#Jaimy_Lee\" >Jaimy Lee<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>#<br \/>\n  There are four coronavirus vaccines in late-stage studies \u2014 here\u2019s how they differ<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__subhead\" itemprop=\"alternativeHeadline\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_vaccine_candidates_vary_on_everything_from_refrigeration_needs_to_effectiveness_goals_and_number_of_doses\"><\/span>\n  The vaccine candidates vary on everything from refrigeration needs to effectiveness goals and number of doses<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"column column--full article__content\">\n<div id=\"js-article__body\" class=\"article__body article-wrap at16-col16 barrons-article-wrap\" itemprop=\"articleBody\" data-sbid=\"5B7593F2-FF44-11EA-864A-FF041C31C64A\">\n<div class=\"barrons-article-ad-wrapper\">\n<div data-track=\"barrons-article-ad-wrap\" class=\"barrons-article-ad sticky_item\">\n<div class=\"barrons-main-article-ad-target sticky_target body_ad\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>       Johnson &amp; Johnson\u2019s investigational COVID-19 vaccine entered Phase 3 clinical trials this week, making it the fourth vaccine candidate in the U.S. to do so and providing additional details that can help investors differentiate the pool of late-stage coronavirus vaccines. <\/p>\n<p> Shares of J&amp;J<br \/>\n        JNJ,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/201724570\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+0.68%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0were up 0.3% in trading on Friday, two days after the health care giant announced it had dosed the first of an estimated 60,000 participants in the Phase 3 trial for Ad26.COV2.S, which is also referred to as JNJ-78436735. <\/p>\n<div class=\"paywall\">\n       J&amp;J\u2019s vaccine candidate joins a group of late-stage vaccines being developed by AstraZeneca<br \/>\n        AZN,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/200304487\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+2.47%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0<br \/>\n        AZN,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/203048482\/delayed\" class=\"positive\">+0.19%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0and the University of Oxford, BioNTech<br \/>\n        BNTX,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/214419716\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+6.14%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0and Pfizer Inc.<br \/>\n        PFE,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/202877789\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+0.81%<\/bg-quote><span>,<\/span><br \/>\n       and Moderna Inc.<br \/>\n        MRNA,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/205619834\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+6.59%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0At least three other vaccines developed by Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc.<br \/>\n        INO,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/202993817\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+10.21%<\/bg-quote><span>,<\/span><br \/>\n       Novavax Inc.<br \/>\n        NVAX,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/202614340\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+10.85%<\/bg-quote><span>,<\/span><br \/>\n       and Sanofi<br \/>\n        SNY,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/201967021\/composite\" class=\"negative\">-0.02%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0<br \/>\n        SAN,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/206928357\/delayed\" class=\"negative\">-0.60%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0are also being tested in early- and mid-stage clinical trials in the U.S. <\/p>\n<p>One of the unique characteristics of this race to develop a vaccine is how different the candidates are, down to the type of vaccine.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have three categories of vaccines that are moving forward: there\u2019s protein vaccines, which are coming with an adjuvant, to make them [stronger], we have the nucleic acid vaccines, and we have the viral vectors,\u201d said Dr. Corey Casper, president and CEO of the Infectious Disease Research Institute, a not-for-profit bio<a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/technology\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"Technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology<\/a> organization. \u201cThere\u2019s pluses and minuses of all of them. None of them are perfect.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s what we know so far: <\/p>\n<p><strong>Vaccine type:<\/strong> The AstraZeneca and J&amp;J vaccines are viral-vector vaccines, while Moderna and Pfizer\u2019s candidates are messenger RNA vaccines. An mRNA vaccine has never been <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/download-scripts-themes-apps\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Download Scripts &amp; Themes &amp; Apps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">app<\/a>roved by the Food and Drug Administration, while there is only one approved viral-vector vaccine, Merck &amp; Co. Inc.\u2019s<br \/>\n        MRK,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/209956077\/composite\" class=\"negative\">-0.26%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0Ebola vaccine, which received FDA approval in December of last year. The Novavax vaccine, which is expected to soon move into Phase 3 trials, is a protein-based vaccine, similar to the common flu shot. The challenge with this type of vaccine, despite its proven safety profile, is that it often requires an adjuvant to boost its effectiveness. Dr. Michael Farzan, a professor of immunology and microbiology at the Scripps Research Institute, this week told Mizuho Securities analysts that it\u2019s easier to quickly ramp up production of an mRNA vaccine, but it may be more difficult to scale this kind of vaccine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trial size:<\/strong> J&amp;J is the leader in terms of trial size, with plans to enroll 60,000 participants. AstraZeneca, BioNTech\/Pfizer, and Moderna each committed to enrolling 30,000 participants, though BioNTech and Pfizer recently expanded their target group to 44,000 people. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Dosing: <\/strong>J&amp;J\u2019s vaccine is the only single-dose vaccine to enter late-stage studies in the U.S., though separate clinical trials in Northern Ireland and the U.K. will test a two-dose regimen. The other three candidates require two doses, spaced between roughly three to four weeks apart, depending on the vaccine. \u201cThe single dose could be a source of commercial differentiation, and also means [J&amp;J\u2019s] pivotal trial could read out more quickly (since it only takes one dose to immunize a person, not two doses spaced a month apart),\u201d Bernstein\u2019s Vincent Chen wrote on Sept. 17. <\/p>\n<p>Adherence to medication in the U.S. is a well-documented issue \u2014 one <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041974\" class=\"icon none\">study<\/a> estimates that 1 of 8 Americans prescribed drugs for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease don\u2019t take them, citing cost, while <a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nacds.org\/news\/the-cost-of-medication-non-adherence\/\" class=\"icon none\">other research<\/a> found that up to 30% of prescriptions are never filled. However, GlaxoSmithKline<br \/>\n        GSK,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/209463850\/composite\" class=\"positive\">+1.12%<\/bg-quote><span>,<\/span><br \/>\n       which markets the Shingrix shingles vaccine, has data through March showing that 80% of people return for the second and final dose of the vaccine, according to a company spokesperson. <\/p>\n<div id=\"cx-membership-tile\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Refrigeration requirements: <\/strong>BioNTech and Pfizer\u2019s vaccine, BNT162b2, and Moderna\u2019s mRNA-1273 are both mRNA vaccines that require freezing levels of storage, in the range of negative 94 degrees Fahrenheit for BNT162b2 to negative 4 degrees Fahrenheit for mRNA-1273. AstraZeneca\u2019s vaccine will likely require refrigeration but not freezing, according to a company spokesperson. \u201cOur current expectation is that the final packaged multi-dose vials will require refrigeration to ensure product quality,\u201d he wrote in an email. It\u2019s unclear at this time whether J&amp;J\u2019s vaccine will require refrigeration or freezing. <\/p>\n<p>The need to refrigerate vaccines <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/general\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"3\" title=\"General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general<\/a>ly (and not just the COVID-19 ones) has long been an issue for vaccination programs, according to Casper. \u201dEven in highly industrialized countries\u2026it is very challenging to keep vaccines refrigerated, just at refrigeration temperatures,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Effectiveness goal: <\/strong>The FDA in June issued guidance that called for COVID-19 vaccines to be at least 50% effective at preventing infections with COVID-19 or by reducing severity of disease. AstraZeneca\u2019s candidate is targeting an effectiveness rate of 50%; however, the effectiveness goals for BNT162b2, Ad26. COV2, and mRNA-1273 are 60%, according to the individual trial protocols. <\/p>\n<p>Dr. Stanley Plotkin, a vaccine expert and a former pharmaceutical executive, this week told SVB Leerink analysts that achieving between 60% and 70% protection should aid \u201clong-term containment of the pandemic,\u201d though he doesn\u2019t expect the first generation of COVID-19 vaccines to achieve those efficacy levels. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Timeline:<\/strong> Despite the prevalance of vaccine timeline talk among administration officials, companies have been cautious sharing dates for when they expect to publish the first batches of Phase 3 data. Here\u2019s a tally created by Mizuho\u2019s Difei Yang: Though AstraZeneca\u2019s trial in the U.S. is still on hold due to an adverse event, the company previously said it expected to get late-stage data by the end of the year, Moderna expects a Phase 3 readout in \u201cNovember or December,\u201d and BioNTech and Pfizer expect Phase 3 efficacy data by the end of October. J&amp;J said this week it expects to file for an emergency use authorization in early 2021. <\/p>\n<p><strong>The race so far: <\/strong>Analysts have mixed views on which vaccine is the front-runner. SVB Leerink analysts told investors in a Sept. 18 note that the trial protocols seem to favor BioNTech and Pfizer, when compared with Moderna. J.P. Morgan said Sept. 22 that the Phase 1 data provided so far by AstraZeneca, BioNTech\/Pfizer, and Moderna didn\u2019t have a \u201creal standout in terms of the safety profile. That said, mRNA-1273 tends to have slightly higher rates of fever, chills, headache than competitors.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>So far this year, AstraZeneca\u2019s stock is up 8.1%, shares of BioNTech have rallied 87.9%, Pfizer\u2019s stock has dropped 8.8%, J&amp;J\u2019s stock is down 0.5%, and shares of Moderna have soared 250.4%. The S&amp;P 500<br \/>\n        SPX,<br \/>\n        <bg-quote field=\"percentchange\" format=\"0,000.00%\" channel=\"\/zigman2\/quotes\/210599714\/realtime\" class=\"positive\">+1.59%<\/bg-quote><br \/>\n      \u00a0is up 0.5% year-to-date. <\/p>\n<div data-layout=\"\n              inline\" data-layout-mobile=\"\" class=\"\n        media-object\n        type-InsetCommentingPromo\n            \n            inline\n  article__inset\n        article__inset--type-InsetCommentingPromo\n            article__inset--inline\n  \"><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"byline article__byline\">\n<p>      <span>By<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"author  hasMenu\" data-scrim='{\"type\":\"author\",\"header\":\"Jaimy Lee\",\"subhead\":\"The Wall Street Journal\",\"list\":[]}' itemscope itemprop=\"author\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\n<h4 itemprop=\"name\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jaimy_Lee\"><\/span>Jaimy Lee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For forums sites go to <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.buradabiliyorum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forum.BuradaBiliyorum.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>If you want to read more <a href=\"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/category\/news\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"News\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News<\/a> articles, you can visit our <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.buradabiliyorum.com\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">News category.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: black;\"><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/news\/story.asp?guid=%7B5B7593F2-FF44-11EA-864A-FF041C31C64A%7D&#038;siteid=rss&#038;rss=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;# There are four coronavirus vaccines in late-stage studies \u2014 here\u2019s how they differ &#8221; The vaccine candidates vary on everything from refrigeration needs to effectiveness goals and number of doses Johnson &amp; Johnson\u2019s investigational COVID-19 vaccine entered Phase 3 clinical trials this week, making it the fourth vaccine candidate in the U.S. to do&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":76564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70897],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76563"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76563\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buradabiliyorum.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}