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“#In ancient giant viruses lies the truth behind evolution of nucleus in eukaryotic cells” DNA exchange between ancient giant viruses and ancient biological cells might have been the key to the evolution of nuclei in eukaryotic cells Credit: Tokyo University of Science Perhaps as far back as the history of research and philosophy goes, people…
“#Cell-autonomous immunity and the pathogen-mediated evolution of humans” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Although immune responses are generated by a complex, hierarchical arrangement of immune system organs, tissues, and components, the unit of the cell has a particularly large effect on disease progression and host survival. These cell-level defense mechanisms, known as cell-autonomous immunity, are among…
“#Viruses on glaciers highlight evolutionary mechanism to overcome host defenses” The viruses studied by the research team originate in very unusual habitats on the surface of glaciers and ice sheets, called cryoconite holes. Credit: Gary Barker Viruses are often thought of as a human problem, however they are the most abundant biological entities on the…
“#Catching genes from chlamydiae allowed complex life to live without oxygen” Collection of porefluid from sediment core for geochemical analysis. Samples are collected with so-called Rhizon samplers onboard R/V G.O. Sars in the Norwegian-Greenland sea during Centre of Geobiology expedition 2015. Credit: Michel Melcher An international team of researchers has discovered a new group of…
“#Evolution in real-time: How bacteria adapt to their hosts” Parachlamydia are widespread in the environment where they live in amoebae. The bacteria serve as a model system for studying the evolution of infectivity. The image shows two amoeba cells in pink that are infected with Parachlamydia (yellow/blue). Credit: Patrick Arthofer Bacteria that invade animal cells…
“#Previously undescribed lineage of Archaea illuminates microbial evolution” Depiction of the evolutionary placement of Undinarchaeota in an archaeal tree as a sister group of the symbiotic DPANN archaea (left). Illustration of cell of an Undinarchaeota representative, which might have pili (cell appendages) and may be able to take up DNA but is likely dependent on…
“#Antibiotic resistance and the need for personalized treatments” Credit: Joana Carvalho, 2020 Antibiotic resistance is a growing challenge in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics by acquiring or mutating genes that allow them to survive the administration of antibiotics, which otherwise would kill them. However, this advantage in the presence…
“#The Y chromosome is disappearing: What will happen to men?” Mole voles have no Y chromosomes. Credit: wikipedia The Y chromosome may be a symbol of masculinity, but it is becoming increasingly clear that it is anything but strong and enduring. Although it carries the “master switch” gene, SRY, that determines whether an embryo will…
“#Study shows antibiotic resistance genes persist in E. coli through ‘genetic capitalism’” Escherichia coli. Credit: Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH We have known for some time that over-use of antibiotics is causing a frightening increase in antibiotic resistance in bacteria, through the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes. What may be behind this is not…
“#Effects from low-level concentrations of harmful chemicals preserved in three generations of fish” Inland silverslide. Credit: Oregon State University Fish exposed to very low levels of chemicals commonly found in waterways can pass the impacts on to future generations that were never directly exposed to the chemicals, according to Oregon State University researchers. “What that…