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“#Scientists identify gene family key to unlocking vertebrate evolution” Three-month-old Ednrb mosaic F0 CRISPR-mutant sea lamprey larva. Credit: David Jandzik New University of Colorado Boulder-led research finds that the traits that make vertebrates distinct from invertebrates were made possible by the emergence of a new set of genes 500 million years ago, documenting an important…
“#Project Phoenix: DNA unlocks a new understanding of coral” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Scientists have developed a new genetic tool that can help them better understand and ultimately work to save coral reefs. “Surprisingly, we still don’t know how many coral species live on the Great Barrier Reef, how to identify them, or which species…
“#An evolutionary roll of the dice explains why we’re not perfect” Credit: Carlos Sardá/public domain If evolution selects for the fittest organisms, why do we still have imperfections? Scientists at the Milner Centre for Evolution at the University of Bath investigating this question have found that in species with small populations, chance events take precedence…
“#New insights into evolution of gene expression” Complex evolutionary relationships: Long-term expression in one organ predisposes genes for later use in other organs. Credit: Kenji Fukushima / University of Wuerzburg Vertebrate organs organize physiological activities, and the diverse expression patterns of thousands of genes determines organ identities and functions. Because of this, the evolution of…
“#Origin of a complex life form revealed” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Researchers from McGill University have revealed the steps by which two very distinct organisms—bacteria and carpenter ants—have come to depend on one another for survival to become a single complex life form. The study, published today in Nature, shows that the two species have…
“#Biologists discover a gene critical to the development of columbines’ iconic spurs” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Once in a while, over the history of life, a new trait evolves that leads to an explosion of diversity in a group of organisms. Take wings, for instance. Every group of animals that evolved them has spun off…
“#Survival of the fit-ish” Genes exist together in a genome, much like people live together in societies. Within this more or less organized community, occasionally parasitic genes arise to the detriment of the larger group, prompting the genome to use strategies to mitigate these effects. Photo courtesy of Stowers Institute for Medical Research. Credit: Stowers…
“#Research gets to the heart of organ shape in nature” The Capsella seed pods with their distinctive heart-shaped shoulders offer an anatomical novelty and an excellent study system for understanding the diversity of shapes. Credit: John Innes Centre Researchers have shed fresh light on the evolution and function of the shapes we see in nature—using…
“#Phylogenetic analysis reveals the evolution of the mitochondrial calcium transporter” Credit: Institute for Research in Biomedicine – IRB Calcium levels regulate multiple processes in cells, ranging from metabolism to division. And these levels are regulated, in turn, by calcium transport into and out of mitochondria, the energy hub of the cell. The regulation of calcium…
“#Evolutionary assimilation of foreign DNA in a new host” Schematic of the experimental workflow. Native E. coli glycolytic isomerases pgi and tpiA were replaced with the coding sequence of foreign orthologues and subjected to laboratory evolution for improved exponential phase growth rate. Ma, million years ago. Credit: Palsson Lab All life is subject to evolution…