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“#Oldest enzyme in cellular respiration isolated” Ph.D. student Dragan Trifunovic with a big bottle and a small test tube containing cultured Thermotoga maritima bacteria Credit: Uwe Dettmar for Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany In the first billion years, there was no oxygen on Earth. Life developed in an anoxic environment. Early bacteria probably obtained their energy…
“#New insight into the evolution of complex life on Earth” Sulfolobus acidocaldarius thrives in geothermal mud pools like this one in New Zealand. Credit: Lancaster University A novel connection between primordial organisms and complex life has been discovered, as new evidence sheds light on the evolutionary origins of the cell division process that is fundamental…
“#Faster rates of evolution are linked to tiny genomes, study finds” A microscope image showing Blattabacterium, a species of bacteria that lives inside the cells of cockroaches and termites. Credit: OIST Inside every cell lies a genome—a full set of DNA that contains the instructions for building an organism. Across the biological world, genomes show…
“#Why the ‘wimpy’ Y chromosome hasn’t evolved out of existence” Human chromosomes during metaphase. Credit: Steffen Dietzel/Wikipedia Much smaller than its counterpart, the X chromosome, the Y chromosome has shrunken drastically over 200 million years of evolution. Even those who study it have used the word “wimpy” to describe it, and yet it continues to…
“#Humans and flies employ very similar mechanisms for brain development and function” Credit: CC0 Public Domain With these new findings scientists can potentially better understand the subtle changes that can occur in genes and brain circuits that can lead to mental health disorders such as anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. Although physically very different, research…
“#High-end microscopy refined: ExM” Left two sperm-forming cells expanded with ExM-SIM and imaged with a diffraction limited microscope. On the right, a detailed 3D image of a single synaptonemal complex. The 3D information is colour-coded, the measuring bar on the left corresponds to 25 micrometres, the bar on the right to three micrometres. Credit: Working…
“#Entry point for curbing the evolution of antibiotic resistance discovered” Credit: CC0 Public Domain The team of Professor Tobias Bollenbach from the Institute for Biological Physics at the University of Cologne has published a study on a new approach to improving the effectiveness of antibiotics in bacterial infections. The study ‘Highly parallel lab evolution reveals…
“#From bacteria to you: The biological reactions that sustain our rhythms” Biological methylation and the body clock are conserved during 2.5 billion years of evolution, to the extend that reprogramming the mammalian methyl cycle using a bacteial enzyme prevents methylation deficiencies is viable. Credit: Kyoto University/Jean-Michel Fustin Every second of every day, countless biochemical reactions…
“#Potential beginning of life simulated in lab” High-pressure for evolutionary experiments. Credit: C. Mayer Did life originate underground? Scientists at the University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE) have substantiated their theory that life could have begun deep in the Earth’s crust. In their experiments, structures that were inanimate developed survival strategies within a short time. In the…