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“#Siblings can also differ from one another in bacteria” Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Credit: NIAID In human reproduction, the genes of the mother and father are combined and mixed in countless variations. Their offspring can differ significantly from one another. However, bacteria multiply by simple cell division, so that the two daughter cells carry the…
“#Cells communicate by doing the ‘wave’” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Cells work around the clock to deliver, maintain, and control every aspect of life. And just as with humans, communication is a key to their success. Every essential biological process requires some form of communication among cells, not only with their immediate neighbors but also…
“#Identification of distinct loci for de novo DNA methylation by DNMT3A and DNMT3B during mammalian development” Credit: The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo DNA methylation performs an essential function in mammalian ontogeny. It is also known that abnormalities in this process cause the development of cancers such as leukemia. A research team…
“#Influenza virus-induced oxidized DNA activates inflammasomes” Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain Both influenza virus M2, a proton-selective ion channel essential for efficient viral replication, and PB1-F2 protein, which localizes to the mitochondria and attenuates host antiviral immunity, are involved in the inflammatory response by stimulating NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion. However, the precise mechanisms by which these…
“#Cellular signaling cascade balances information transmission against energy consumption, study says” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Cellular signal transmission is not only optimized for precision—it also includes a cost cap. The relationship between information and energy, a concept well established in physics and engineering, is likely to fundamentally shape cellular signaling networks. One of the questions…
“#Specialized cellular compartments discovered in bacteria” Escherichia coli. Credit: Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH Researchers at McGill University have discovered bacterial organelles involved in gene expression, suggesting that bacteria may not be as simple as once thought. This finding could offer new targets for the development of new antibiotics. The study, published in Proceedings of…
“#Scientists uncover first atomic structure of Epstein-Bar virus nucleocapsid” This electron microscopic image of two Epstein Barr Virus virions (viral particles) shows round capsids—protein-encased genetic material—loosely surrounded by the membrane envelope. Credit: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030430.g001 A team of Chinese scientists, led by Prof. Yu Xuekui from the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) of the Chinese…
“#Pioneering method reveals dynamic structure in HIV” An artist’s rendition of Gag molecules proteins that form lattice hexagonal structure diffusing across the virus-like particles. Credit: Dave Meikle/Saffarian Lab Viruses are scary. They invade our cells like invisible armies, and each type brings its own strategy of attack. While viruses devastate communities of humans and animals,…
“#’Proofreading’ proteins stop and reel in DNA to correct replication errors” Credit: DataBase Center for Life Science. Shared under a Creative Commons license. On the DNA assembly line, two proofreading proteins work together as an emergency stop button to prevent replication errors. New research from North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina…
“#New study sheds light on how nutrient-starved cells recycle internal components” An illustration of autophagy, one of the major recycling processes inside cells. The formation of a membrane bubble around a cellular structure that will be broken down is shown on the left. Credit: David Goodsell/Wikimedia Commons The idea of the cell as a city…